Questions FP1 (1491 questions)

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CAIE FP1 2010 November Q8
10 marks Challenging +1.2
8 The curves \(C _ { 1 }\) and \(C _ { 2 }\) have polar equations given by $$\begin{array} { l l r } C _ { 1 } : & r = 3 \sin \theta , & 0 \leqslant \theta < \pi , \\ C _ { 2 } : & r = 1 + \sin \theta , & - \pi < \theta \leqslant \pi . \end{array}$$
  1. Find the polar coordinates of the points, other than the pole, where \(C _ { 1 }\) and \(C _ { 2 }\) meet.
  2. In a single diagram, draw sketch graphs of \(C _ { 1 }\) and \(C _ { 2 }\).
  3. Show that the area of the region which is inside \(C _ { 1 }\) but outside \(C _ { 2 }\) is \(\pi\).
CAIE FP1 2010 November Q9
10 marks Challenging +1.2
9 Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } 3 & - 1 & 0 \\ - 1 & 2 & - 1 \\ 0 & - 1 & 3 \end{array} \right)$$ Find a non-singular matrix \(\mathbf { M }\) and a diagonal matrix \(\mathbf { D }\) such that \(( \mathbf { A } - 2 \mathbf { I } ) ^ { 3 } = \mathbf { M D M } ^ { - 1 }\), where \(\mathbf { I }\) is the \(3 \times 3\) identity matrix.
CAIE FP1 2010 November Q10
10 marks Challenging +1.3
10 By using de Moivre's theorem to express \(\sin 5 \theta\) and \(\cos 5 \theta\) in terms of \(\sin \theta\) and \(\cos \theta\), show that $$\tan 5 \theta = \frac { 5 t - 10 t ^ { 3 } + t ^ { 5 } } { 1 - 10 t ^ { 2 } + 5 t ^ { 4 } }$$ where \(t = \tan \theta\). Show that the roots of the equation \(x ^ { 4 } - 10 x ^ { 2 } + 5 = 0\) are \(\tan \left( \frac { 1 } { 5 } n \pi \right)\) for \(n = 1,2,3,4\). By considering the product of the roots of this equation, find the exact value of \(\tan \left( \frac { 1 } { 5 } \pi \right) \tan \left( \frac { 2 } { 5 } \pi \right)\).
CAIE FP1 2010 November Q11
12 marks Challenging +1.2
11 It is given that \(x \neq 0\) and $$x \frac { \mathrm {~d} ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + 2 \frac { \mathrm {~d} y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 4 x y = 8 x ^ { 2 } + 16$$ Show that if \(z = x y\) then $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } z } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + 4 z = 8 x ^ { 2 } + 16$$ Find \(y\) in terms of \(x\), given that \(y = 0\) and \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = - 2\) when \(x = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\).
CAIE FP1 2010 November Q12 EITHER
Challenging +1.8
The curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \frac { x ^ { 2 } + 2 \lambda x } { x ^ { 2 } - 2 x + \lambda }$$ where \(\lambda\) is a constant and \(\lambda \neq - 1\).
  1. Show that \(C\) has at most two stationary points.
  2. Show that if \(C\) has exactly two stationary points then \(\lambda > - \frac { 5 } { 4 }\).
  3. Find the set of values of \(\lambda\) such that \(C\) has two vertical asymptotes.
  4. Find the \(x\)-coordinates of the points of intersection of \(C\) with
    1. the \(x\)-axis,
    2. the horizontal asymptote.
    3. Sketch \(C\) in each of the cases
      (a) \(\lambda < - 2\),
      (b) \(\lambda > 2\).
CAIE FP1 2010 November Q12 OR
Standard +0.8
The plane \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) has equation \(\mathbf { r } = 2 \mathbf { i } + \mathbf { j } + 4 \mathbf { k } + \lambda ( 2 \mathbf { i } + 3 \mathbf { j } + 4 \mathbf { k } ) + \mu ( - \mathbf { i } + \mathbf { k } )\). Obtain a cartesian equation of \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) in the form \(p x + q y + r z = d\). The plane \(\Pi _ { 2 }\) has equation \(\mathbf { r } . ( \mathbf { i } - 4 \mathbf { j } + 5 \mathbf { k } ) = 12\). Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) and \(\Pi _ { 2 }\). The line \(l\) passes through the point \(A\) with position vector \(a \mathbf { i } + ( 2 a + 1 ) \mathbf { j } - 3 \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to \(3 c \mathbf { i } - 3 \mathbf { j } + c \mathbf { k }\), where \(a\) and \(c\) are positive constants. Given that the perpendicular distance from \(A\) to \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) is \(\frac { 15 } { \sqrt { } 6 }\) and that the acute angle between \(l\) and \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) is \(\sin ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 2 } { \sqrt { } 6 } \right)\), find the values of \(a\) and \(c\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q1
6 marks Challenging +1.2
1 Verify that \(\frac { 1 } { n ^ { 2 } } - \frac { 1 } { ( n + 1 ) ^ { 2 } } = \frac { 2 n + 1 } { n ^ { 2 } ( n + 1 ) ^ { 2 } }\). Let \(S _ { N } = \sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { N } \frac { 2 r + 1 } { r ^ { 2 } ( r + 1 ) ^ { 2 } }\). Express \(S _ { N }\) in terms of \(N\). Let \(S = \lim _ { N \rightarrow \infty } S _ { N }\). Find the least value of \(N\) such that \(S - S _ { N } < 10 ^ { - 16 }\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q2
6 marks Challenging +1.2
2 Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers \(n\), $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { n } } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { n } } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 x + 3 } \right) = ( - 1 ) ^ { n } \frac { n ! 2 ^ { n } } { ( 2 x + 3 ) ^ { n + 1 } }$$
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q3
7 marks Standard +0.8
3 The equation $$x ^ { 3 } + 5 x ^ { 2 } - 3 x - 15 = 0$$ has roots \(\alpha , \beta , \gamma\). Find the value of \(\alpha ^ { 2 } + \beta ^ { 2 } + \gamma ^ { 2 }\). Hence show that the matrix \(\left( \begin{array} { c c c } 1 & \alpha & \beta \\ \alpha & 1 & \gamma \\ \beta & \gamma & 1 \end{array} \right)\) is singular.
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q4
7 marks Standard +0.3
4 A curve has parametric equations $$x = 2 \sin 2 t , \quad y = 3 \cos 2 t$$ for \(0 < t < \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\). For the point on the curve where \(t = \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi\), find the value of
  1. \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x }\),
  2. \(\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } }\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q5
7 marks Standard +0.3
5 Use de Moivre's theorem to express \(\cos ^ { 4 } \theta\) in the form $$a \cos 4 \theta + b \cos 2 \theta + c$$ where \(a , b , c\) are constants to be found. Hence evaluate $$\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \cos ^ { 4 } \theta d \theta$$ leaving your answer in terms of \(\pi\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q6
8 marks Standard +0.8
6 Find the general solution of the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } + 4 \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 4 x = \sin 2 t$$ Describe the behaviour of \(x\) as \(t \rightarrow \infty\), justifying your answer.
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q7
9 marks Challenging +1.2
7 Show that \(\frac { \mathrm { d } } { \mathrm { d } t } \left( t \left( 1 + t ^ { 3 } \right) ^ { n } \right) = ( 3 n + 1 ) \left( 1 + t ^ { 3 } \right) ^ { n } - 3 n \left( 1 + t ^ { 3 } \right) ^ { n - 1 }\). Let \(I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \left( 1 + t ^ { 3 } \right) ^ { n } \mathrm {~d} t\). Using the above result, or otherwise, show that $$( 3 n + 1 ) I _ { n } = 2 ^ { n } + 3 n I _ { n - 1 }$$ Hence evaluate \(I _ { 3 }\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q8
10 marks Challenging +1.2
8 The curve \(C\) has polar equation \(r = 1 + \sin \theta\) for \(- \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi \leqslant \theta \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\). Draw a sketch of \(C\). The area of the region enclosed by the initial line, the half-line \(\theta = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\), and the part of \(C\) for which \(\theta\) is positive, is denoted by \(A _ { 1 }\). The area of the region enclosed by the initial line, and the part of \(C\) for which \(\theta\) is negative, is denoted by \(A _ { 2 }\). Find the ratio \(A _ { 1 } : A _ { 2 }\), giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q9
13 marks Challenging +1.2
9 Find a cartesian equation of the plane \(\Pi\) containing the lines $$\mathbf { r } = 3 \mathbf { i } + \mathbf { k } + s ( 2 \mathbf { i } + \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k } ) \quad \text { and } \quad \mathbf { r } = 3 \mathbf { i } - 7 \mathbf { j } + 10 \mathbf { k } + t ( \mathbf { i } - 3 \mathbf { j } + 4 \mathbf { k } )$$ The line \(l\) passes through the point \(P\) with position vector \(6 \mathbf { i } - 2 \mathbf { j } + \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to the vector \(2 \mathbf { i } + \mathbf { j } - 4 \mathbf { k }\). Find
  1. the position vector of the point where \(l\) meets \(\Pi\),
  2. the perpendicular distance from \(P\) to \(\Pi\),
  3. the acute angle between \(l\) and \(\Pi\).
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q10
13 marks Challenging +1.2
10 A curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \frac { 5 \left( x ^ { 2 } - x - 2 \right) } { x ^ { 2 } + 5 x + 10 }$$ Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of \(C\) with the axes. Show that, for all real values of \(x , - 1 \leqslant y \leqslant 15\). Sketch \(C\), stating the coordinates of any turning points and the equation of the horizontal asymptote.
[0pt] [Question 11 is printed on the next page.]
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q11 EITHER
Standard +0.8
The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { 1 } { 3 } x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( 3 - x )\), for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 3\). Find the mean value of \(y\) with respect to \(x\) over the interval \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 3\). Show that $$\frac { \mathrm { d } s } { \mathrm {~d} x } = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \left( x ^ { - \frac { 1 } { 2 } } + x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } \right)$$ where \(s\) denotes arc length, and find the arc length of \(C\). Find the area of the surface generated when \(C\) is rotated through \(2 \pi\) radians about the \(x\)-axis.
CAIE FP1 2011 November Q11 OR
Challenging +1.2
Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix \(\mathbf { A }\), where $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 2 & 2 \\ - 1 & 1 & 3 \end{array} \right)$$ The linear transformation \(\mathrm { T } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 3 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 3 }\) is defined by \(\mathbf { x } \mapsto \mathbf { A x }\). Let \(\mathbf { e } , \mathbf { f }\) be two linearly independent eigenvectors of \(\mathbf { A }\), with corresponding eigenvalues \(\lambda\) and \(\mu\) respectively, and let \(\Pi\) be the plane, through the origin, containing \(\mathbf { e }\) and \(\mathbf { f }\). By considering the parametric equation of \(\Pi\), show that all points of \(\Pi\) are mapped by T onto points of \(\Pi\). Find cartesian equations of three planes, each with the property that all points of the plane are mapped by T onto points of the same plane.
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q1
5 marks Standard +0.3
1 Find the cartesian equation corresponding to the polar equation \(r = ( \sqrt { } 2 ) \sec \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right)\). Sketch the the graph of \(r = ( \sqrt { } 2 ) \sec \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right)\), for \(- \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi < \theta < \frac { 3 } { 4 } \pi\), indicating clearly the polar coordinates of the intersection with the initial line.
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q2
6 marks Standard +0.3
2 The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = 2 x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } }\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 4\). Find
  1. the mean value of \(y\) with respect to \(x\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 4\),
  2. the \(y\)-coordinate of the centroid of the region enclosed by \(C\), the line \(x = 4\) and the \(x\)-axis.
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q3
6 marks Standard +0.8
3 Find the general solution of the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } + 4 \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 13 x = 26 t ^ { 2 } + 3 t + 13$$
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q4
8 marks Standard +0.8
4 Let \(\mathrm { f } ( r ) = r ( r + 1 ) ( r + 2 )\). Show that $$\mathrm { f } ( r ) - \mathrm { f } ( r - 1 ) = 3 r ( r + 1 )$$ Hence show that \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r ( r + 1 ) = \frac { 1 } { 3 } n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 )\). Using the standard result for \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r\), deduce that \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r ^ { 2 } = \frac { 1 } { 6 } n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 )\). Find the sum of the series $$1 ^ { 2 } + 2 \times 2 ^ { 2 } + 3 ^ { 2 } + 2 \times 4 ^ { 2 } + 5 ^ { 2 } + 2 \times 6 ^ { 2 } + \ldots + 2 ( n - 1 ) ^ { 2 } + n ^ { 2 }$$ where \(n\) is odd.
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q5
8 marks Challenging +1.2
5 Let \(I _ { n }\) denote \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { \infty } x ^ { n } \mathrm { e } ^ { - 2 x } \mathrm {~d} x\). Show that \(I _ { n } = \frac { 1 } { 2 } n I _ { n - 1 }\), for \(n \geqslant 1\). Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers \(n , I _ { n } = \frac { n ! } { 2 ^ { n + 1 } }\).
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q6
9 marks Challenging +1.8
6 Use de Moivre's theorem to show that $$\cos 4 \theta = 8 \cos ^ { 4 } \theta - 8 \cos ^ { 2 } \theta + 1$$ Without using a calculator, verify that \(\cos 4 \theta = - \cos 3 \theta\) for each of the values \(\theta = \frac { 1 } { 7 } \pi , \frac { 3 } { 7 } \pi , \frac { 5 } { 7 } \pi , \pi\). Using the result \(\cos 3 \theta = 4 \cos ^ { 3 } \theta - 3 \cos \theta\), show that the roots of the equation $$8 c ^ { 4 } + 4 c ^ { 3 } - 8 c ^ { 2 } - 3 c + 1 = 0$$ are \(\cos \frac { 1 } { 7 } \pi , \cos \frac { 3 } { 7 } \pi , \cos \frac { 5 } { 7 } \pi , - 1\). Deduce that \(\cos \frac { 1 } { 7 } \pi + \cos \frac { 3 } { 7 } \pi + \cos \frac { 5 } { 7 } \pi = \frac { 1 } { 2 }\).
CAIE FP1 2012 November Q7
9 marks Standard +0.8
7 The curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \lambda x + \frac { x } { x - 2 }$$ where \(\lambda\) is a non-zero constant. Find the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\). Show that \(C\) has no turning points if \(\lambda < 0\). Sketch \(C\) in the case \(\lambda = - 1\), stating the coordinates of the intersections with the axes.