Questions — CAIE FP1 (594 questions)

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CAIE FP1 2012 June Q11 OR
Challenging +1.8
Show that the substitution \(y = x z\) reduces the differential equation $$\frac { 1 } { x } \frac { \mathrm {~d} ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + \left( \frac { 6 } { x } - \frac { 2 } { x ^ { 2 } } \right) \frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + \left( \frac { 9 } { x } - \frac { 6 } { x ^ { 2 } } + \frac { 2 } { x ^ { 3 } } \right) y = 169 \sin 2 x$$ to the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } z } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + 6 \frac { \mathrm {~d} z } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 9 z = 169 \sin 2 x$$ Find the particular solution for \(y\) in terms of \(x\), given that when \(x = 0 , z = - 10\) and \(\frac { \mathrm { d } z } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 5\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q1
4 marks Standard +0.3
1 Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve with polar equation \(r = 2 ( 1 + \cos \theta )\), for \(0 \leqslant \theta < 2 \pi\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q2
5 marks Moderate -0.3
2 Prove by mathematical induction that \(5 ^ { 2 n } - 1\) is divisible by 8 for every positive integer \(n\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q3
8 marks Challenging +1.2
3 The cubic equation \(x ^ { 3 } - 2 x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 4 = 0\) has roots \(\alpha , \beta , \gamma\). Given that \(c = \alpha + \beta + \gamma\), state the value of \(c\). Use the substitution \(y = c - x\) to find a cubic equation whose roots are \(\alpha + \beta , \beta + \gamma , \gamma + \alpha\). Find a cubic equation whose roots are \(\frac { 1 } { \alpha + \beta } , \frac { 1 } { \beta + \gamma } , \frac { 1 } { \gamma + \alpha }\). Hence evaluate \(\frac { 1 } { ( \alpha + \beta ) ^ { 2 } } + \frac { 1 } { ( \beta + \gamma ) ^ { 2 } } + \frac { 1 } { ( \gamma + \alpha ) ^ { 2 } }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q4
8 marks Challenging +1.2
4 Let \(I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \frac { 1 } { \left( 1 + x ^ { 2 } \right) ^ { n } } \mathrm {~d} x\). Prove that, for every positive integer \(n\), $$2 n I _ { n + 1 } = 2 ^ { - n } + ( 2 n - 1 ) I _ { n }$$ Given that \(I _ { 1 } = \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi\), find the exact value of \(I _ { 3 }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q5
9 marks Standard +0.8
5 Use the method of differences to show that \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { N } \frac { 1 } { ( 2 r + 1 ) ( 2 r + 3 ) } = \frac { 1 } { 6 } - \frac { 1 } { 2 ( 2 N + 3 ) }\). Deduce that \(\sum _ { r = N + 1 } ^ { 2 N } \frac { 1 } { ( 2 r + 1 ) ( 2 r + 3 ) } < \frac { 1 } { 8 N }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q6
9 marks Standard +0.3
6 The matrix \(\mathbf { A }\) is given by $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { l l l } 4 & - 5 & 3 \\ 3 & - 4 & 3 \\ 1 & - 1 & 2 \end{array} \right)$$ Show that \(\mathbf { e } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 1 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{array} \right)\) is an eigenvector of \(\mathbf { A }\) and state the corresponding eigenvalue. Find the other two eigenvalues of \(\mathbf { A }\). The matrix \(\mathbf { B }\) is given by $$\mathbf { B } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } - 1 & 4 & 0 \\ - 1 & 3 & 1 \\ 1 & - 1 & 3 \end{array} \right)$$ Show that \(\mathbf { e }\) is an eigenvector of \(\mathbf { B }\) and deduce an eigenvector of the matrix \(\mathbf { A B }\), stating the corresponding eigenvalue.
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q7
10 marks Challenging +1.2
7 By considering the binomial expansion of \(\left( z - \frac { 1 } { z } \right) ^ { 6 }\), where \(z = \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta\), express \(\sin ^ { 6 } \theta\) in the form $$\frac { 1 } { 32 } ( p + q \cos 2 \theta + r \cos 4 \theta + s \cos 6 \theta ) ,$$ where \(p , q , r\) and \(s\) are integers to be determined. Hence find the exact value of \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \sin ^ { 6 } \theta \mathrm {~d} \theta\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q8
10 marks Challenging +1.3
8 The linear transformations \(\mathrm { T } _ { 1 } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 }\) and \(\mathrm { T } _ { 2 } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 }\) are represented by the matrices \(\mathbf { M } _ { 1 }\) and \(\mathbf { M } _ { 2 }\) respectively, where $$\mathbf { M } _ { 1 } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r r } 1 & - 2 & 3 & 5 \\ 3 & - 4 & 17 & 33 \\ 5 & - 9 & 20 & 36 \\ 4 & - 7 & 16 & 29 \end{array} \right) \quad \text { and } \quad \mathbf { M } _ { 2 } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r r } 1 & - 2 & 0 & - 3 \\ 2 & - 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 4 & - 7 & 1 & - 9 \\ 6 & - 10 & 0 & - 14 \end{array} \right) .$$ The null spaces of \(\mathrm { T } _ { 1 }\) and \(\mathrm { T } _ { 2 }\) are denoted by \(K _ { 1 }\) and \(K _ { 2 }\) respectively. Find a basis for \(K _ { 1 }\) and a basis for \(K _ { 2 }\). It is given that \(\mathbf { a } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \end{array} \right)\). The vectors \(\mathbf { x } _ { 1 }\) and \(\mathbf { x } _ { 2 }\) are such that \(\mathbf { M } _ { 1 } \mathbf { x } _ { 1 } = \mathbf { M } _ { 1 } \mathbf { a }\) and \(\mathbf { M } _ { 2 } \mathbf { x } _ { 2 } = \mathbf { M } _ { 2 } \mathbf { a }\). Given that \(\mathbf { x } _ { 1 } - \mathbf { x } _ { 2 } = \left( \begin{array} { c } p \\ 5 \\ 7 \\ q \end{array} \right)\), find \(p\) and \(q\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q9
10 marks Standard +0.3
9 Find \(x\) in terms of \(t\) given that $$4 \frac { \mathrm {~d} ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } + 4 \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + x = 6 \mathrm { e } ^ { - 2 t }$$ and that, when \(t = 0 , x = \frac { 5 } { 3 }\) and \(\frac { \mathrm { d } x } { \mathrm {~d} t } = \frac { 7 } { 6 }\). State \(\lim _ { t \rightarrow \infty } x\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q10
13 marks Challenging +1.2
10 The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { 2 x ^ { 2 } - 3 x - 2 } { x ^ { 2 } - 2 x + 1 }\). State the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\). Show that \(y \leqslant \frac { 25 } { 12 }\) at all points of \(C\). Find the coordinates of any stationary points of \(C\). Sketch \(C\), stating the coordinates of any intersections of \(C\) with the coordinate axes and the asymptotes.
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 EITHER
Challenging +1.2
The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = 2 \sec x\), for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi\). Show that the arc length \(s\) of \(C\) is given by $$S = \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \left( 2 \sec ^ { 2 } x - 1 \right) d x$$ Find the exact value of \(s\). The surface area generated when \(C\) is rotated through \(2 \pi\) radians about the \(x\)-axis is denoted by \(S\). Show that
  1. \(S = 4 \pi \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \left( 2 \sec ^ { 3 } x - \sec x \right) \mathrm { d } x\),
  2. \(\frac { \mathrm { d } } { \mathrm { d } x } ( \sec x \tan x ) = 2 \sec ^ { 3 } x - \sec x\). Hence find the exact value of \(S\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 OR
Standard +0.8
The points \(A , B , C\) and \(D\) have coordinates as follows: $$A ( 2,1 , - 2 ) , \quad B ( 4,1 , - 1 ) , \quad C ( 3 , - 2 , - 1 ) \quad \text { and } \quad D ( 3,6,2 ) .$$ The plane \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) passes through the points \(A , B\) and \(C\). Find a cartesian equation of \(\Pi _ { 1 }\). Find the area of triangle \(A B C\) and hence, or otherwise, find the volume of the tetrahedron \(A B C D\).
[0pt] [The volume of a tetrahedron is \(\frac { 1 } { 3 } \times\) area of base × perpendicular height.]
The plane \(\Pi _ { 2 }\) passes through the points \(A , B\) and \(D\). Find the acute angle between \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) and \(\Pi _ { 2 }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q1
5 marks Challenging +1.2
1 Let \(\mathrm { f } ( r ) = r ! ( r - 1 )\). Simplify \(\mathrm { f } ( r + 1 ) - \mathrm { f } ( r )\) and hence find \(\sum _ { r = n + 1 } ^ { 2 n } r ! \left( r ^ { 2 } + 1 \right)\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q2
6 marks Challenging +1.2
2 The roots of the equation \(x ^ { 4 } - 4 x ^ { 2 } + 3 x - 2 = 0\) are \(\alpha , \beta , \gamma\) and \(\delta\); the sum \(\alpha ^ { n } + \beta ^ { n } + \gamma ^ { n } + \delta ^ { n }\) is denoted by \(S _ { n }\). By using the relation \(y = x ^ { 2 }\), or otherwise, show that \(\alpha ^ { 2 } , \beta ^ { 2 } , \gamma ^ { 2 }\) and \(\delta ^ { 2 }\) are the roots of the equation $$y ^ { 4 } - 8 y ^ { 3 } + 12 y ^ { 2 } + 7 y + 4 = 0$$ State the value of \(S _ { 2 }\) and hence show that $$S _ { 8 } = 8 S _ { 6 } - 12 S _ { 4 } - 72 .$$
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q3
7 marks Challenging +1.2
3 Prove by mathematical induction that, for every positive integer \(n\), $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { n } } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { n } } \left( \mathrm { e } ^ { x } \sin x \right) = ( \sqrt { } 2 ) ^ { n } \mathrm { e } ^ { x } \sin \left( x + \frac { 1 } { 4 } n \pi \right)$$
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q4
8 marks Standard +0.3
4 Show that \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = - \frac { 4 } { 3 }\) at the point \(A ( 1 , - 2 )\) on the curve with equation $$y ^ { 3 } - 3 x ^ { 2 } y + 2 = 0$$ and find the value of \(\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } }\) at \(A\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q5
8 marks Challenging +1.2
5 Show that \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } x \mathrm { e } ^ { - x ^ { 2 } } \mathrm {~d} x = \frac { 1 } { 2 } - \frac { 1 } { 2 \mathrm { e } }\). Let \(I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } x ^ { n } \mathrm { e } ^ { - x ^ { 2 } } \mathrm {~d} x\). Show that \(I _ { 2 n + 1 } = n I _ { 2 n - 1 } - \frac { 1 } { 2 \mathrm { e } }\) for \(n \geqslant 1\). Find the exact value of \(I _ { 7 }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q6
8 marks Challenging +1.2
6 The linear transformation \(\mathrm { T } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 }\) is represented by the matrix \(\mathbf { M }\), where $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r r } - 2 & 5 & 3 & - 1 \\ 0 & 1 & - 4 & - 2 \\ 6 & - 14 & - 13 & 1 \\ \alpha & \alpha & - 2 \alpha & - 11 \alpha \end{array} \right)$$ and \(\alpha\) is a constant. The null space of T is denoted by \(K _ { 1 }\) when \(\alpha \neq 0\), and by \(K _ { 2 }\) when \(\alpha = 0\). Find a basis for \(K _ { 1 }\) and a basis for \(K _ { 2 }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q7
10 marks Challenging +1.2
7 Find the value of the constant \(\lambda\) such that \(\lambda x \mathrm { e } ^ { - x }\) is a particular integral of the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + 5 \frac { \mathrm {~d} y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 4 y = 6 \mathrm { e } ^ { - x }$$ Find the solution of the differential equation for which \(y = 2\) and \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 3\) when \(x = 0\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q8
11 marks Challenging +1.2
8 The curve \(C\) has parametric equations \(x = \frac { 3 } { 2 } t ^ { 2 } , y = t ^ { 3 }\), for \(0 \leqslant t \leqslant 2\). Find the arc length of \(C\). Find the coordinates of the centroid of the region enclosed by \(C\), the \(x\)-axis and the line \(x = 6\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q9
11 marks Standard +0.8
9 The square matrix \(\mathbf { A }\) has an eigenvalue \(\lambda\) with corresponding eigenvector \(\mathbf { e }\). The non-singular matrix \(\mathbf { M }\) is of the same order as \(\mathbf { A }\). Show that \(\mathbf { M e }\) is an eigenvector of the matrix \(\mathbf { B }\), where \(\mathbf { B } = \mathbf { M } \mathbf { A } \mathbf { M } ^ { - 1 }\), and that \(\lambda\) is the corresponding eigenvalue. Let $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } - 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 \end{array} \right)$$ Write down the eigenvalues of \(\mathbf { A }\) and obtain corresponding eigenvectors. Given that $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { l l l } 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$$ find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of \(\mathbf { B }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q10
12 marks Challenging +1.3
10 Use the identity \(2 \sin P \cos Q \equiv \sin ( P + Q ) + \sin ( P - Q )\) to show that $$2 \sin \theta \cos \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right) \equiv \cos \left( 2 \theta - \frac { 3 } { 4 } \pi \right) + \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { } 2 }$$ A curve has polar equation \(r = 2 \sin \theta \cos \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right)\), for \(0 \leqslant \theta \leqslant \frac { 3 } { 4 } \pi\). Sketch the curve and state the polar equation of its line of symmetry, justifying your answer. Show that the area of the region enclosed by the curve is \(\frac { 3 } { 8 } ( \pi + 1 )\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 EITHER
Challenging +1.2
The line \(l _ { 1 }\) passes through the point \(A\) whose position vector is \(4 \mathbf { i } + 7 \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to the vector \(3 \mathbf { i } + 2 \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k }\). The line \(l _ { 2 }\) passes through the point \(B\) whose position vector is \(\mathbf { i } + 7 \mathbf { j } + 11 \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to the vector \(\mathbf { i } - 6 \mathbf { j } - 2 \mathbf { k }\). The points \(P\) on \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(Q\) on \(l _ { 2 }\) are such that \(P Q\) is perpendicular to both \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\). Find the position vectors of \(P\) and \(Q\). Find the shortest distance between the line through \(A\) and \(B\) and the line through \(P\) and \(Q\), giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 OR
Standard +0.8
Show the cube roots of 1 on an Argand diagram. Show that the two non-real cube roots can be expressed in the form \(\omega\) and \(\omega ^ { 2 }\), and find these cube roots in exact cartesian form \(x + i y\). Evaluate the determinant $$\left| \begin{array} { c c c } 1 & 3 \omega & 2 \omega ^ { 2 } \\ 3 \omega ^ { 2 } & 2 & \omega \\ 2 \omega & \omega ^ { 2 } & 3 \end{array} \right|$$ It is given that \(z = ( 4 \sqrt { } 3 ) \left( \cos \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi + i \sin \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi \right) - 4 \left( \cos \frac { 11 } { 6 } \pi + i \sin \frac { 11 } { 6 } \pi \right)\). Express \(z\) in the form \(r ( \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta )\), giving exact values for \(r\) and \(\theta\). Hence find the cube roots of \(z\) in the form \(r ( \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta )\).