Questions — Edexcel (9671 questions)

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Edexcel FD2 AS 2023 June Q4
8 marks Challenging +1.8
4. A sequence \(\left\{ u _ { n } \right\}\), where \(n \geqslant 0\), satisfies the recurrence relation $$u _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 3 } { 2 } u _ { n } - 2 n ^ { 2 } - 4 \quad u _ { 0 } = k$$ where \(k\) is an integer.
  1. Determine an expression for \(u _ { n }\) in terms of \(n\) and \(k\).
    (6) Given that \(u _ { 10 } > 5000\)
  2. determine the minimum possible value of \(k\).
    (2)
Edexcel FD2 AS 2024 June Q1
8 marks Moderate -0.5
1. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{40023f8e-6874-400e-84b5-60d98b648afc-02_1010_1467_353_399} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a capacitated, directed network of pipes. The number on each arc represents the capacity of the corresponding pipe. The numbers in circles represent a feasible flow from S to T.
  1. State the value of this flow.
    (1)
  2. Explain why arcs CD and CG cannot both be saturated.
    (1)
  3. Find the capacity of
    1. cut \(C _ { 1 }\)
    2. cut \(C _ { 2 }\)
  4. Write down a flow augmenting route of weight 6 which saturates BF. The flow augmenting route in part (d) is applied to give an increased flow.
  5. Prove that this increased flow is maximal.
Edexcel FD2 AS 2024 June Q2
8 marks Standard +0.8
2. A team of 5 players, A, B, C, D and E, competes in a quiz. Each player must answer one of 5 rounds, \(\mathrm { P } , \mathrm { Q } , \mathrm { R } , \mathrm { S }\) and T . Each player must be assigned to exactly one round, and each round must be answered by exactly one player. Player B cannot answer round Q, player D cannot answer round T, and player E cannot answer round R. The number of points that each player is expected to earn in each round is shown in the table.
\cline { 2 - 6 } \multicolumn{1}{c|}{}\(\mathbf { P }\)\(\mathbf { Q }\)\(\mathbf { R }\)\(\mathbf { S }\)\(\mathbf { T }\)
\(\mathbf { A }\)3240354137
\(\mathbf { B }\)38-402733
\(\mathbf { C }\)4128373635
\(\mathbf { D }\)35333836-
\(\mathbf { E }\)4038-3934
The team wants to maximise its total expected score.
The Hungarian algorithm is to be used to find the maximum total expected score that can be earned by the 5 players.
  1. Explain how the table should be modified.
    1. Reducing rows first, use the Hungarian algorithm to obtain an allocation which maximises the total expected score.
    2. Calculate the maximum total expected score.
Edexcel FD2 AS 2024 June Q3
14 marks Standard +0.8
3. Haruki and Meera play a zero-sum game. The game is represented by the following pay-off matrix for Haruki.
\multirow{2}{*}{}Meera
Option XOption YOption Z
\multirow{4}{*}{Haruki}Option A4-2-5
Option B14-3
Option C-161
Option D-453
  1. Determine whether the game has a stable solution. Option Y for Meera is now removed.
  2. Write down the reduced pay-off matrix for Meera.
    1. Given that Meera plays Option X with probability \(p\), determine her best strategy.
    2. State the value of the game to Haruki.
    3. State which option(s) Haruki should never play. The number of points scored by Haruki when he plays Option C and Meera plays Option X changes from - 1 to \(k\) Given that the value of the game is now the same for both players,
  3. determine the value of \(k\). You must make your method and working clear.
Edexcel FD2 AS 2024 June Q4
10 marks Standard +0.3
4. Peter sets up a savings plan. He makes an initial deposit of \(\pounds D\) and then pays in \(\pounds M\) at the end of each month. The value of the savings plan, in pounds, is modelled by $$u _ { n + 1 } = 1.025 u _ { n } + 1800$$ where \(n \geqslant 0\) is an integer and \(u _ { n }\) is the total value of the savings plan, in pounds, after \(n\) years.
  1. Calculate the value of \(M\) Given that the value of the savings plan after 1 year is \(\pounds 6925\)
  2. solve the recurrence relation for \(u _ { n }\)
  3. Determine the value of \(D\)
  4. Hence determine, using algebra, the number of years it will take for the value of the savings plan to exceed \(\pounds 20000\)
Edexcel FD2 AS Specimen Q1
9 marks Standard +0.3
  1. Six workers, A, B, C, D, E and F, are to be assigned to five tasks, P, Q, R, S and T.
Each worker can be assigned to at most one task and each task must be done by just one worker. The time, in minutes, that each worker takes to complete each task is shown in the table below.
PQRST
A3232353433
B2835313740
C3529333635
D3630343335
E3031293736
F2928323134
Reducing rows first, use the Hungarian algorithm to obtain an allocation which minimises the total time. You must explain your method and show the table after each stage.
Edexcel FD2 AS Specimen Q2
5 marks Standard +0.8
2. In two-dimensional space, lines divide a plane into a number of different regions. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-3_421_328_306_278} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-3_423_330_306_671} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
\end{figure} \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-3_426_330_303_1065} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 3}
\end{figure} \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-3_423_332_306_1457} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 4}
\end{figure} It is known that:
  • One line divides a plane into 2 regions, as shown in Figure 1
  • Two lines divide a plane into a maximum of 4 regions, as shown in Figure 2
  • Three lines divide a plane into a maximum of 7 regions, as shown in Figure 3
  • Four lines divide a plane into a maximum of 11 regions, as shown in Figure 4
    1. Complete the table in the answer book to show the maximum number of regions when five, six and seven lines divide a plane.
    2. Find, in terms of \(\mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } }\), the recurrence relation for \(\mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } + 1 }\), the maximum number of regions when a plane is divided by ( \(n + 1\) ) lines where \(n \geqslant 1\)
      1. Solve the recurrence relation for \(u _ { n }\)
      2. Hence determine the maximum number of regions created when 200 lines divide a plane.
Edexcel FD2 AS Specimen Q3
14 marks Standard +0.3
3.
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-4_2255_54_315_34}
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{81510c1c-89ce-4fa8-aa1b-3c8b255804cc-4_913_1783_287_139} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 5}
\end{figure} Figure 5 represents a network of corridors in a school. The number on each arc represents the maximum number of students, per minute, that may pass along each corridor at any one time. At 11 am on Friday morning, all students leave the hall (S) after assembly and travel to the cybercafé ( T ). The numbers in circles represent the initial flow of students recorded at 11 am one Friday.
  1. State an assumption that has been made about the corridors in order for this situation to be modelled by a directed network.
  2. Find the value of x and the value of y , explaining your reasoning. Five new students also attend the assembly in the hall the following Friday. They too need to travel to the cybercafé at 11 am . They wish to travel together so that they do not get lost. You may assume that the initial flow of students through the network is the same as that shown in Figure 5 above.
    1. List all the flow augmenting routes from S to T that increase the flow by at least 5
    2. State which route the new students should take, giving a reason for your answer.
  3. Use the answer to part (c) to find a maximum flow pattern for this network and draw it on Diagram 1 in the answer book.
  4. Prove that the answer to part (d) is optimal. The school is intending to increase the number of students it takes but has been informed it cannot do so until it improves the flow of students at peak times. The school can widen corridors to increase their capacity, but can only afford to widen one corridor in the coming term.
  5. State, explaining your reasoning,
    1. which corridor they should widen,
    2. the resulting increase of flow through the network.
Edexcel FD2 AS Specimen Q4
12 marks Standard +0.3
4. A two person zero-sum game is represented by the following pay-off matrix for player A.
\cline { 2 - 4 } \multicolumn{1}{c|}{}B plays 1B plays 2B plays 3
A plays 1412
A plays 2243
  1. Verify that there is no stable solution.
    1. Find the best strategy for player A.
    2. Find the value of the game to her.
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q1
9 marks Standard +0.3
1. $$f ( z ) = z ^ { 4 } + a z ^ { 3 } + b z ^ { 2 } + c z + d$$ where \(a , b , c\) and \(d\) are real constants.
Given that \(- 1 + 2 \mathrm { i }\) and \(3 - \mathrm { i }\) are two roots of the equation \(\mathrm { f } ( \mathrm { z } ) = 0\)
  1. show all the roots of \(f ( z ) = 0\) on a single Argand diagram,
  2. find the values of \(a , b , c\) and \(d\).
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q2
7 marks Challenging +1.2
  1. Show that
$$\int _ { 0 } ^ { \infty } \frac { 8 x - 12 } { \left( 2 x ^ { 2 } + 3 \right) ( x + 1 ) } \mathrm { d } x = \ln k$$ where \(k\) is a rational number to be found.
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q3
10 marks Standard +0.8
3. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{9f5761f9-15d0-499a-992a-c98539f2785c-10_508_874_244_609} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Diagram not to scale Figure 1 shows the design for a table top in the shape of a rectangle \(A B C D\). The length of the table, \(A B\), is 1.2 m . The area inside the closed curve is made of glass and the surrounding area, shown shaded in Figure 1, is made of wood. The perimeter of the glass is modelled by the curve with polar equation $$r = 0.4 + a \cos 2 \theta \quad 0 \leqslant \theta < 2 \pi$$ where \(a\) is a constant.
  1. Show that \(a = 0.2\) Hence, given that \(A D = 60 \mathrm {~cm}\),
  2. find the area of the wooden part of the table top, giving your answer in \(\mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }\) to 3 significant figures.
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q4
5 marks Challenging +1.2
  1. Prove that, for \(n \in \mathbb { Z } , n \geqslant 0\)
$$\sum _ { r = 0 } ^ { n } \frac { 1 } { ( r + 1 ) ( r + 2 ) ( r + 3 ) } = \frac { ( n + a ) ( n + b ) } { c ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) }$$ where \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\) are integers to be found.
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q5
13 marks Standard +0.8
  1. A tank at a chemical plant has a capacity of 250 litres. The tank initially contains 100 litres of pure water.
Salt water enters the tank at a rate of 3 litres every minute. Each litre of salt water entering the tank contains 1 gram of salt. It is assumed that the salt water mixes instantly with the contents of the tank upon entry.
At the instant when the salt water begins to enter the tank, a valve is opened at the bottom of the tank and the solution in the tank flows out at a rate of 2 litres per minute. Given that there are \(S\) grams of salt in the tank after \(t\) minutes,
  1. show that the situation can be modelled by the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } S } { \mathrm {~d} t } = 3 - \frac { 2 S } { 100 + t }$$
  2. Hence find the number of grams of salt in the tank after 10 minutes. When the concentration of salt in the tank reaches 0.9 grams per litre, the valve at the bottom of the tank must be closed.
  3. Find, to the nearest minute, when the valve would need to be closed.
  4. Evaluate the model.
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q6
6 marks
  1. Prove by induction that for all positive integers \(n\)
$$f ( n ) = 3 ^ { 2 n + 4 } - 2 ^ { 2 n }$$ is divisible by 5
(6)
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q7
7 marks Standard +0.3
  1. The line \(l _ { 1 }\) has equation
$$\frac { x - 1 } { 2 } = \frac { y + 1 } { - 1 } = \frac { z - 4 } { 3 }$$ The line \(l _ { 2 }\) has equation $$\mathbf { r } = \mathbf { i } + 3 \mathbf { k } + t ( \mathbf { i } - \mathbf { j } + 2 \mathbf { k } )$$ where \(t\) is a scalar parameter.
  1. Show that \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\) lie in the same plane.
  2. Write down a vector equation for the plane containing \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\)
  3. Find, to the nearest degree, the acute angle between \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\)
Edexcel CP1 2019 June Q8
18 marks Challenging +1.2
  1. A scientist is studying the effect of introducing a population of white-clawed crayfish into a population of signal crayfish.
    At time \(t\) years, the number of white-clawed crayfish, \(w\), and the number of signal crayfish, \(s\), are modelled by the differential equations
$$\begin{aligned} & \frac { \mathrm { d } w } { \mathrm {~d} t } = \frac { 5 } { 2 } ( w - s ) \\ & \frac { \mathrm { d } s } { \mathrm {~d} t } = \frac { 2 } { 5 } w - 90 \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } \end{aligned}$$
  1. Show that $$2 \frac { \mathrm {~d} ^ { 2 } w } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } - 5 \frac { \mathrm {~d} w } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 2 w = 450 \mathrm { e } ^ { - t }$$
  2. Find a general solution for the number of white-clawed crayfish at time \(t\) years.
  3. Find a general solution for the number of signal crayfish at time \(t\) years. The model predicts that, at time \(T\) years, the population of white-clawed crayfish will have died out. Given that \(w = 65\) and \(s = 85\) when \(t = 0\)
  4. find the value of \(T\), giving your answer to 3 decimal places.
  5. Suggest a limitation of the model.
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q1
10 marks Standard +0.3
1. $$f ( z ) = 3 z ^ { 3 } + p z ^ { 2 } + 57 z + q$$ where \(p\) and \(q\) are real constants.
Given that \(3 - 2 \sqrt { 2 } \mathrm { i }\) is a root of the equation \(\mathrm { f } ( \mathrm { z } ) = 0\)
  1. show all the roots of \(f ( z ) = 0\) on a single Argand diagram,
  2. find the value of \(p\) and the value of \(q\).
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q2
7 marks Standard +0.8
  1. (a) Explain why \(\int _ { 1 } ^ { \infty } \frac { 1 } { x ( 2 x + 5 ) } d x\) is an improper integral.
    (b) Prove that
$$\int _ { 1 } ^ { \infty } \frac { 1 } { x ( 2 x + 5 ) } d x = a \ln b$$ where \(a\) and \(b\) are rational numbers to be determined.
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q3
9 marks Challenging +1.8
3. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{7458ec3b-1be1-4b46-893c-c7470d622e6e-08_549_908_246_790} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of two curves \(C _ { 1 }\) and \(C _ { 2 }\) with polar equations $$\begin{array} { l l } C _ { 1 } : r = ( 1 + \sin \theta ) & 0 \leqslant \theta < 2 \pi \\ C _ { 2 } : r = 3 ( 1 - \sin \theta ) & 0 \leqslant \theta < 2 \pi \end{array}$$ The region \(R\) lies inside \(C _ { 1 }\) and outside \(C _ { 2 }\) and is shown shaded in Figure 1.
Show that the area of \(R\) is $$p \sqrt { 3 } - q \pi$$ where \(p\) and \(q\) are integers to be determined.
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q4
9 marks Standard +0.3
  1. The plane \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) has equation
$$\mathbf { r } = 2 \mathbf { i } + 4 \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k } + \lambda ( \mathbf { i } + 2 \mathbf { j } - 3 \mathbf { k } ) + \mu ( - \mathbf { i } + 2 \mathbf { j } + \mathbf { k } )$$ where \(\lambda\) and \(\mu\) are scalar parameters.
  1. Find a Cartesian equation for \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) The line \(l\) has equation $$\frac { x - 1 } { 5 } = \frac { y - 3 } { - 3 } = \frac { z + 2 } { 4 }$$
  2. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of \(l\) with \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) The plane \(\Pi _ { 2 }\) has equation $$\mathbf { r . } ( 2 \mathbf { i } - \mathbf { j } + 3 \mathbf { k } ) = 5$$
  3. Find, to the nearest degree, the acute angle between \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) and \(\Pi _ { 2 }\)
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q5
17 marks Challenging +1.2
  1. Two compounds, \(X\) and \(Y\), are involved in a chemical reaction. The amounts in grams of these compounds, \(t\) minutes after the reaction starts, are \(x\) and \(y\) respectively and are modelled by the differential equations
$$\begin{aligned} & \frac { \mathrm { d } x } { \mathrm {~d} t } = - 5 x + 10 y - 30 \\ & \frac { \mathrm {~d} y } { \mathrm {~d} t } = - 2 x + 3 y - 4 \end{aligned}$$
  1. Show that $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } + 2 \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 5 x = 50$$
  2. Find, according to the model, a general solution for the amount in grams of compound \(X\) present at time \(t\) minutes.
  3. Find, according to the model, a general solution for the amount in grams of compound \(Y\) present at time \(t\) minutes. Given that \(x = 2\) and \(y = 5\) when \(t = 0\)
  4. find
    1. the particular solution for \(x\),
    2. the particular solution for \(y\). A scientist thinks that the chemical reaction will have stopped after 8 minutes.
  5. Explain whether this is supported by the model.
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q6
12 marks Standard +0.3
  1. (i) Prove by induction that for \(n \in \mathbb { Z } ^ { + }\)
$$\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } ( 3 r + 1 ) ( r + 2 ) = n ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 )$$ (ii) Prove by induction that for all positive odd integers \(n\) $$f ( n ) = 4 ^ { n } + 5 ^ { n } + 6 ^ { n }$$ is divisible by 15
Edexcel CP1 2020 June Q7
11 marks Standard +0.3
  1. A sample of bacteria in a sealed container is being studied.
The number of bacteria, \(P\), in thousands, is modelled by the differential equation $$( 1 + t ) \frac { \mathrm { d } P } { \mathrm {~d} t } + P = t ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( 1 + t )$$ where \(t\) is the time in hours after the start of the study.
Initially, there are exactly 5000 bacteria in the container.
  1. Determine, according to the model, the number of bacteria in the container 8 hours after the start of the study.
  2. Find, according to the model, the rate of change of the number of bacteria in the container 4 hours after the start of the study.
  3. State a limitation of the model.
Edexcel CP1 2021 June Q1
6 marks Standard +0.3
  1. The transformation \(P\) is an enlargement, centre the origin, with scale factor \(k\), where \(k > 0\) The transformation \(Q\) is a rotation through angle \(\theta\) degrees anticlockwise about the origin. The transformation \(P\) followed by the transformation \(Q\) is represented by the matrix
$$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { c c } - 4 & - 4 \sqrt { 3 } \\ 4 \sqrt { 3 } & - 4 \end{array} \right)$$
  1. Determine
    1. the value of \(k\),
    2. the smallest value of \(\theta\) A square \(S\) has vertices at the points with coordinates ( 0,0 ), ( \(a , - a\) ), ( \(2 a , 0\) ) and ( \(a , a\) ) where \(a\) is a constant. The square \(S\) is transformed to the square \(S ^ { \prime }\) by the transformation represented by \(\mathbf { M }\).
  2. Determine, in terms of \(a\), the area of \(S ^ { \prime }\)