Curve Sketching

379 questions · 83 question types identified

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Solve |f(x)| > k using sketch

Questions that require sketching y = |f(x)| and then solving an inequality of the form |f(x)| > k or |f(x)| < k for a specific constant k.

13 Challenging +1.1
3.4% of questions
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1 Let \(a\) be a positive constant.
  1. Sketch the curve with equation \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { \mathrm { ax } } { \mathrm { x } + 7 }\).
  2. Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \left| \frac { a x } { x + 7 } \right|\) and find the set of values of \(x\) for which \(\left| \frac { a x } { x + 7 } \right| > \frac { a } { 2 }\).
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Easiest question Standard +0.8 »
1 Let \(a\) be a positive constant.
  1. Sketch the curve with equation \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { \mathrm { ax } } { \mathrm { x } + 7 }\).
  2. Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \left| \frac { a x } { x + 7 } \right|\) and find the set of values of \(x\) for which \(\left| \frac { a x } { x + 7 } \right| > \frac { a } { 2 }\).
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Hardest question Challenging +1.3 »
7 The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { x ^ { 2 } - x - 3 } { 1 + x - x ^ { 2 } }\).
  1. Find the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\).
  2. Find the coordinates of any stationary points on \(C\).
  3. Sketch \(C\), stating the coordinates of the intersections with the axes.
  4. Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \left| \frac { x ^ { 2 } - x - 3 } { 1 + x - x ^ { 2 } } \right|\) and find in exact form the set of values of \(x\) for which \(\left| \frac { x ^ { 2 } - x - 3 } { 1 + x - x ^ { 2 } } \right| < 3\).
    If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
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Polynomial intersection with algebra

Questions requiring sketching two polynomial curves and then finding intersection points algebraically by solving the resulting equation.

11 Moderate -0.2
2.9% of questions
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  1. (a) On the same diagram, sketch
$$y = ( x + 1 ) ( 2 - x ) \quad \text { and } \quad y = x ^ { 2 } - 2 | x |$$ Mark clearly the coordinates of the points where these curves cross the coordinate axes.
(b) Find the \(x\)-coordinates of the points of intersection of these two curves.
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Easiest question Moderate -0.8 »
The curve \(C_1\) has equation \(y = -x^2 + 2x + 3\) and the curve \(C_2\) has equation \(y = x^2 - x - 6\). The two curves intersect at the points \(A\) and \(B\).
  1. Determine the coordinates of \(A\) and \(B\). [4]
  2. On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of \(C_1\) and \(C_2\). Clearly label the points where the two curves intersect. [3]
  3. In the diagram drawn in part (b), shade the region satisfying the following inequalities: [2] $$x > 0,$$ $$y < -x^2 + 2x + 3,$$ $$y > x^2 - x - 6.$$
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Hardest question Challenging +1.2 »
  1. (a) On the same diagram, sketch
$$y = ( x + 1 ) ( 2 - x ) \quad \text { and } \quad y = x ^ { 2 } - 2 | x |$$ Mark clearly the coordinates of the points where these curves cross the coordinate axes.
(b) Find the \(x\)-coordinates of the points of intersection of these two curves.
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Area between curve and line

Questions asking to find the area of a shaded region bounded by a curve and a straight line, typically requiring integration.

10 Standard +0.2
2.6% of questions
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The graphs with equations $$y = 2 + 3x - 2x^2 \text{ and } x + y = 1$$ are shown in the diagram below. \includegraphics{figure_7} The graphs intersect at the points \(A\) and \(B\) \begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)] \item On the diagram above, shade and label the region, \(R\), that is satisfied by the inequalities $$0 \leq y \leq 2 + 3x - 2x^2$$ and $$x + y \geq 1$$ [2 marks] \item Find the exact coordinates of \(A\) [3 marks] View full question →
Easiest question Moderate -0.8 »
4. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{c8f8d35d-c2dd-4a1f-a4bb-a4fa06413d12-08_857_857_251_548} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a line \(l _ { 1 }\) with equation \(2 y = x\) and a curve \(C\) with equation \(y = 2 x - \frac { 1 } { 8 } x ^ { 2 }\) The region \(R\), shown unshaded in Figure 1, is bounded by the line \(l _ { 1 }\), the curve \(C\) and a line \(l _ { 2 }\) Given that \(l _ { 2 }\) is parallel to the \(y\)-axis and passes through the intercept of \(C\) with the positive \(x\)-axis, identify the inequalities that define \(R\).
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Hardest question Hard +2.3 »
\includegraphics{figure_2} Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of two curves \(C_1\) and \(C_2\) for \(y \geq 0\). The equation of \(C_1\) is \(y = m_1 - x^{n_1}\) and the equation of \(C_2\) is \(y = m_2 - x^{n_2}\), where \(m_1\), \(m_2\), \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) are positive integers with \(m_2 > m_1\). Both \(C_1\) and \(C_2\) are symmetric about the line \(x = 0\) and they both pass through the points \((3, 0)\) and \((-3, 0)\). Given that \(n_1 + n_2 = 12\), find
  1. the possible values of \(n_1\) and \(n_2\), [4]
  2. the exact value of the smallest possible area between \(C_1\) and \(C_2\), simplifying your answer, [8]
  3. the largest value of \(x\) for which the gradients of the two curves can be the same. Leave your answer in surd form. [5]
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Rational curve intersections

Questions involving sketching a rational function (reciprocal or reciprocal squared) with another curve (polynomial or linear) to determine number of intersections or solve equations.

10 Standard +0.0
2.6% of questions
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4. (i) Sketch on the same diagram the curves \(y = x ^ { 2 } - 4 x\) and \(y = - \frac { 1 } { x }\).
(ii) State, with a reason, the number of real solutions to the equation $$x ^ { 2 } - 4 x + \frac { 1 } { x } = 0 .$$
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Easiest question Moderate -0.3 »
8. The point \(P ( 1 , a )\) lies on the curve with equation \(y = ( x + 1 ) ^ { 2 } ( 2 - x )\).
  1. Find the value of \(a\).
  2. On the axes below sketch the curves with the following equations:
    1. \(y = ( x + 1 ) ^ { 2 } ( 2 - x )\),
    2. \(y = \frac { 2 } { x }\). On your diagram show clearly the coordinates of any points at which the curves meet the axes.
  3. With reference to your diagram in part (b) state the number of real solutions to the equation $$( x + 1 ) ^ { 2 } ( 2 - x ) = \frac { 2 } { x } .$$
    \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}]{871f5957-180d-4379-88ce-186432f57bad-10_1347_1344_1245_297}
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Hardest question Challenging +1.2 »
10. The curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } } - 9$$
  1. Sketch the graph of \(C\). On your sketch
    The curve \(D\) has equation \(y = k x ^ { 2 }\) where \(k\) is a constant. Given that \(C\) meets \(D\) at 4 distinct points,
  2. find the range of possible values for \(k\).
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Simple rational function analysis

Questions asking to find asymptotes and stationary points for a given rational function, typically with straightforward sketching or verification tasks.

10 Standard +0.3
2.6% of questions
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6 The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { x + 1 } { x ^ { 2 } + 3 }\).
  1. By considering a suitable quadratic equation in \(x\), find the set of possible values of \(y\) for points on \(C\).
  2. Deduce the coordinates of the turning points on \(C\).
  3. Sketch \(C\).
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Easiest question Easy -1.8 »
Curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac{1}{(x-1)^2}\) State the equations of the asymptotes to curve \(C\) Tick (\(\checkmark\)) one box. [1 mark] \(x = 0\) and \(y = 0\) \qquad \(\square\) \(x = 0\) and \(y = 1\) \qquad \(\square\) \(x = 1\) and \(y = 0\) \qquad \(\square\) \(x = 1\) and \(y = 1\) \qquad \(\square\)
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Hardest question Challenging +1.8 »
% Figure 2 shows curve with vertical asymptotes at x = -2 and x = 2, horizontal asymptote at y = 1, with U-shaped region between asymptotes \includegraphics{figure_2} Figure 2 Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve \(C\) with equation \(y = \frac{x^2 - 2}{x^2 - 4}\) and \(x \neq \pm 2\). The curve cuts the \(y\)-axis at \(U\).
  1. Write down the coordinates of the point \(U\). [1]
The point \(P\) with \(x\)-coordinate \(a\) (\(a \neq 0\)) lies on \(C\).
  1. Show that the normal to \(C\) at \(P\) cuts the \(y\)-axis at the point $$\left(0, \frac{a^2 - 2}{a^2 - 4} - \frac{(a^2 - 4)^2}{4}\right)$$ [6]
The circle \(E\), with centre on the \(y\)-axis, touches all three branches of \(C\).
    1. Show that $$\frac{a^2}{2(a^2-4)} - \frac{(a^2-4)^2}{4} = a^2 + \frac{(a^2-4)^4}{16}$$
    2. Hence, show that $$(a^2 - 4)^2 = 1$$
    3. Find the centre and radius of \(E\).
    [10]
[Total 17 marks]
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Multiple transformation descriptions

Questions where students must describe or apply multiple distinct transformations (e.g., translation, reflection, or stretch) and sketch the results on separate diagrams.

10 Moderate -0.4
2.6% of questions
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5
  1. Sketch the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 } + 2\).
  2. Sketch the curve \(y = 2 \sqrt { x }\).
  3. Describe a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = 2 \sqrt { x }\) to the curve \(y = 3 \sqrt { x }\).
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Easiest question Easy -1.2 »
5
  1. Sketch the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 } + 2\).
  2. Sketch the curve \(y = 2 \sqrt { x }\).
  3. Describe a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = 2 \sqrt { x }\) to the curve \(y = 3 \sqrt { x }\).
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Hardest question Standard +0.3 »
6. \begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1} \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{ddc10fc0-f3f2-4c5f-b152-eba68a21990f-08_871_1495_286_273}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x \in \mathbb { R }\). The curve has a minimum point at \(( - 0.5 , - 2 )\) and a maximum point at \(( 0.4 , - 4 )\). The lines \(x = 1\), the \(x\)-axis and the \(y\)-axis are asymptotes of the curve, as shown in Fig. 1. On a separate diagram sketch the graphs of
  1. \(y = | \mathrm { f } ( x ) |\),
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 3 )\),
  3. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( | x | )\). In each case show clearly
    1. the coordinates of any points at which the curve has a maximum or minimum point,
    2. how the curve approaches the asymptotes of the curve.
      6. continued
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Curve from derivative information

Questions providing f'(x) and additional information (like a point on the curve or range), asking to find f(x) or sketch the curve.

9 Moderate -0.5
2.4% of questions
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10 The diagram below shows the curve \(y = f ( x )\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{60e1e785-c34b-48ef-a63f-13a25fee186e-07_942_679_1500_242} Sketch the graph of the gradient function, \(y = f ^ { \prime } ( x )\), on the copy of the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet.
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Easiest question Easy -1.8 »
3 The function f is concave and is represented by one of the graphs below. Identify the graph which represents f . Tick ( \(\checkmark\) ) one box. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_709_561_632_191} \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_117_111_927_826} \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_716_570_630_1082} □ \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_711_563_1503_191} \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_711_565_1503_1085} \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{ad6590e8-6673-45ca-bef3-a14716978827-03_117_113_1800_1717}
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Hardest question Standard +0.3 »
10 The gradient of a curve is given by \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 4 x + 3\). The curve passes through the point ( 2,9 ).
  1. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point \(( 2,9 )\).
  2. Find the equation of the curve and the coordinates of its points of intersection with the \(x\)-axis. Find also the coordinates of the minimum point of this curve.
  3. Find the equation of the curve after it has been stretched parallel to the \(x\)-axis with scale factor \(\frac { 1 } { 2 }\). Write down the coordinates of the minimum point of the transformed curve.
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Basic factored form sketching

Questions asking to sketch a polynomial curve given explicitly in factored form like y = (x-a)(x-b)(x-c) or y = (x-a)²(x-b), showing intercepts and shape, without additional transformations or follow-up parts.

9 Moderate -0.8
2.4% of questions
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1 Sketch the graph of \(y = 9 - x ^ { 2 }\).
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Easiest question Easy -1.8 »
1 Sketch the graph of \(y = 9 - x ^ { 2 }\).
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Hardest question Standard +0.8 »
5 In this question, you are required to investigate the curve with equation $$y = x ^ { m } ( 1 - x ) ^ { n } , \quad 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1 ,$$ for various positive values of \(m\) and \(n\).
  1. On separate diagrams, sketch the curve in each of the following cases.
    (A) \(m = 1 , n = 1\),
    (B) \(m = 2 , n = 2\),
    (C) \(m = 2 , n = 4\),
    (D) \(m = 4 , n = 2\).
  2. What feature does the curve have when \(m = n\) ? What is the effect on the curve of interchanging \(m\) and \(n\) when \(m \neq n\) ?
  3. Describe how the \(x\)-coordinate of the maximum on the curve varies as \(m\) and \(n\) vary. Use calculus to determine the \(x\)-coordinate of the maximum.
  4. Find the condition on \(m\) for the gradient to be zero when \(x = 0\). State a corresponding result for the gradient to be zero when \(x = 1\).
  5. Use your calculator to investigate the shape of the curve for large values of \(m\) and \(n\). Hence conjecture what happens to the value of the integral \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } x ^ { m } ( 1 - x ) ^ { n } \mathrm {~d} x\) as \(m\) and \(n\) tend to infinity.
  6. Use your calculator to investigate the shape of the curve for small values of \(m\) and \(n\). Hence conjecture what happens to the shape of the curve as \(m\) and \(n\) tend to zero. }{www.ocr.org.uk}) after the live examination series.
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Parameter values from curve properties

Questions asking to find parameter values given that a curve has specific properties like tangency, number of stationary points, or asymptotes, requiring algebraic or calculus-based analysis.

8 Standard +0.8
2.1% of questions
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6. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { 4 } { x } + k\), where \(k\) is a positive constant.
  1. Sketch a graph of \(C\), stating the equation of the horizontal asymptote and the coordinates of the point of intersection with the \(x\)-axis. The line with equation \(y = 10 - 2 x\) is a tangent to \(C\).
  2. Find the possible values for \(k\). \(\_\_\_\_\) -
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Polynomial with line intersection

Questions involving sketching a polynomial curve and a straight line, then finding their intersection points or analyzing their relationship.

8 Moderate -0.8
2.1% of questions
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5. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = x ( 5 - x )\) and the line \(L\) has equation \(2 y = 5 x + 4\)
  1. Use algebra to show that \(C\) and \(L\) do not intersect.
  2. In the space on page 11, sketch \(C\) and \(L\) on the same diagram, showing the coordinates of the points at which \(C\) and \(L\) meet the axes.
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Horizontal translation of factored polynomial

Questions where a factored or expanded polynomial is sketched, then a horizontal translation is applied by replacing x with (x - a), requiring students to find new roots or describe the transformation.

8 Moderate -0.5
2.1% of questions
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4 You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ^ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\).
  1. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  2. State the values of \(x\) which satisfy \(\mathrm { f } ( x + 3 ) = 0\).
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Sketch rational with quadratic numerator

Rational functions with quadratic numerator and linear or quadratic denominator, requiring polynomial division or algebraic manipulation to find oblique or horizontal asymptotes (e.g., y = x²/(2x+1), y = x²/(x-2), y = (x²-3x+6)/(1-x)).

8 Standard +0.6
2.1% of questions
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Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \frac{x^2 + 4x}{2x - 1}\), justifying all significant features. [11]
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Vertical translation of cubic with factorisation

Questions where a cubic f(x) is given and a vertical translation g(x) = f(x) + k is applied, requiring students to expand, verify a root, and fully factorise the new cubic g(x).

8 Moderate -0.7
2.1% of questions
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You are given that \(\text{f}(x) = (2x - 3)(x + 2)(x + 4)\).
  1. Sketch the graph of \(y = \text{f}(x)\). [3]
  2. State the roots of \(\text{f}(x - 2) = 0\). [2]
  3. You are also given that \(\text{g}(x) = \text{f}(x) + 15\).
    1. Show that \(\text{g}(x) = 2x^3 + 9x^2 - 2x - 9\). [2]
    2. Show that \(\text{g}(1) = 0\) and hence factorise \(\text{g}(x)\) completely. [5]
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Rational functions with parameters: analysis depending on parameter sign/range

Questions where the curve behaviour (asymptotes, turning points, sketch) is analysed for different ranges or signs of the parameter, or where conditions on the parameter are derived (e.g., show no turning points if λ < 0, find values of p for two distinct turning points).

8 Standard +0.8
2.1% of questions
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7 The curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \lambda x + \frac { x } { x - 2 }$$ where \(\lambda\) is a non-zero constant. Find the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\). Show that \(C\) has no turning points if \(\lambda < 0\). Sketch \(C\) in the case \(\lambda = - 1\), stating the coordinates of the intersections with the axes.
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Logarithmic graph for power law

Questions where variables satisfy y = Ax^p or similar, with a graph of ln(y) against ln(x) given, requiring finding constants A and p from the linear graph.

7 Moderate -0.5
1.8% of questions
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2 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{9275a3ed-8820-481b-9fc8-28c21b81dbed-2_559_789_513_678} Two variable quantities \(x\) and \(y\) are related by the equation \(y = A x ^ { n }\), where \(A\) and \(n\) are constants. The diagram shows the result of plotting \(\ln y\) against \(\ln x\) for four pairs of values of \(x\) and \(y\). Use the diagram to estimate the values of \(A\) and \(n\).
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Graphical equation solving with auxiliary line

Questions where a given curve is sketched and a specific straight line must be drawn to solve an equation graphically by finding intersection points.

7 Moderate -0.5
1.8% of questions
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11 You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 2 x ^ { 3 } - 3 x ^ { 2 } - 23 x + 12\).
  1. Show that \(x = - 3\) is a root of \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 0\) and hence factorise \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) fully.
  2. Sketch the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Find the \(x\)-coordinates of the points where the line \(y = 4 x + 12\) intersects \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
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Linear modelling problems

Questions where the real-world scenario is modelled by a linear relationship (y = mx + c or direct/inverse proportionality), requiring interpretation of parameters or finding specific values.

7 Easy -1.3
1.8% of questions
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12 Explain why the smaller regular hexagon in Fig. C1 has perimeter 6.
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Sketch rational function from transformation

Questions asking to sketch a rational function by applying a transformation to a standard rational function (e.g., translating 1/x).

7 Moderate -0.7
1.8% of questions
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1 Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { e } ^ { a x } - 1\) where \(a\) is a positive constant.
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Sketch with inequalities or regions

Questions asking to sketch a factored polynomial curve and then use the sketch to solve inequalities or identify solution regions.

7 Moderate -0.3
1.8% of questions
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  1. Sketch the curve \(y = g(x)\) where $$g(x) = (x + 2)(x - 1)^2$$ [3 marks]
  2. Hence, solve \(g(x) \leq 0\) [2 marks]
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Single transformation application

Questions asking for the equation after applying one specific transformation (translation, reflection, or stretch) to a given curve.

7 Easy -1.1
1.8% of questions
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1 Find the values of \(P , Q , R\) and \(S\) in the identity \(3 x ^ { 3 } + 18 x ^ { 2 } + P x + 31 \equiv Q ( x + R ) ^ { 3 } + S\).
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Two stretches from same function

Questions asking to sketch both y = af(x) and y = f(bx) starting from the same given function f(x), requiring direct application of vertical and horizontal stretch transformations.

7 Moderate -0.8
1.8% of questions
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8 Draw two sketches of the graph of \(y = \sin x\) in the range \(0 ^ { \circ } \leq x \leq 360 ^ { \circ }\).
  1. On the first sketch, draw also a sketch of \(y = \sin ( 2 x )\).
  2. On the second sketch, draw also a sketch of \(y = 2 \sin x\).
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Find stationary points of standard polynomial

Questions requiring differentiation to find coordinates of stationary points on polynomial curves (cubic, quartic etc.) with justification of nature using second derivative or sign change, where the function is a standard polynomial expression.

7 Moderate -0.4
1.8% of questions
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7 A curve has equation \(y = ( x + 2 ) \left( x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 5 \right)\).
  1. Find the coordinates of the minimum point, justifying that it is a minimum.
  2. Calculate the discriminant of \(x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 5\).
  3. Explain why \(( x + 2 ) \left( x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 5 \right)\) is always positive for \(x > - 2\).
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Reflections

Questions asking to sketch y = -f(x), y = f(-x), involving reflections in the x-axis or y-axis.

6 Moderate -0.8
1.6% of questions
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3
  1. Sketch the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 }\).
  2. Describe a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 }\) to the curve \(y = - x ^ { 3 }\).
  3. The curve \(y = x ^ { 3 }\) is translated by \(p\) units, parallel to the \(x\)-axis. State the equation of the curve after it has been transformed.
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Quadratic modelling problems

Questions where the real-world scenario is modelled by a quadratic equation (parabola), typically involving projectile motion, arches, or optimization, requiring analysis of turning points, intercepts, or specific values.

6 Moderate -0.5
1.6% of questions
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8. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f9dcb521-6aaa-4496-86e8-2dcd07838e10-14_551_1479_388_365} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
\end{figure} In a competition, competitors are going to kick a ball over the barrier walls. The height of the barrier walls are each 9 metres high and 50 cm wide and stand on horizontal ground. The figure 2 is a graph showing the motion of a ball. The ball reaches a maximum height of 12 metres and hits the ground at a point 80 metres from where its kicked.
a. Find a quadratic equation linking \(Y\) with \(x\) that models this situation. The ball pass over the barrier walls.
b. Use your equation to deduce that the ball should be placed about 20 m from the first barrier wall.
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Solutions from graphical analysis

Questions asking to determine the number of solutions or range of parameter values by analyzing a given graph, using horizontal line intersection counting.

6 Standard +0.0
1.6% of questions
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5.The function \(f\) is given by $$f ( x ) = \frac { 1 } { \lambda } \left( x ^ { 2 } - 4 \right) \left( x ^ { 2 } - 25 \right)$$ where \(x\) is real and \(\lambda\) is a positive integer.
  1. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) showing clearly where the graph crosses the coordinate axes.
  2. Find,in terms of \(\lambda\) ,the range of f .
  3. Find the sets of positive integers \(k\) and \(\lambda\) such that the equation $$k = | \mathrm { f } ( x ) |$$ has exactly \(k\) distinct real roots.
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Vertical stretch y = af(x)

Questions asking to sketch y = af(x) where a is a constant multiplier, involving vertical stretches or compressions of the given curve.

6 Easy -1.0
1.6% of questions
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2
  1. On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of
    1. \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { 1 } { \mathrm { x } }\),
    2. \(y = x ^ { 4 }\).
  2. Describe a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 }\) to the curve \(y = 8 x ^ { 3 }\).
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Expand from factored form

Questions where the function is given in factored form and students must sketch first (possibly using the factored form directly), then expand to polynomial form.

6 Moderate -0.8
1.6% of questions
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4
  1. Expand \(( x - 2 ) ^ { 2 } ( x + 1 )\), simplifying your answer.
  2. Sketch the curve \(y = ( x - 2 ) ^ { 2 } ( x + 1 )\), indicating the coordinates of all intercepts with the axes.
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Factorise then sketch

Questions where the function is given in expanded polynomial form and students must first factorise it before sketching the curve.

6 Moderate -0.8
1.6% of questions
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Given that \(f(x) = 15 - 7x - 2x^2\),
  1. find the coordinates of all points at which the graph of \(y = f(x)\) crosses the coordinate axes. [3]
  2. Sketch the graph of \(y = f(x)\). [2]
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Range restriction with excluded interval (linear/mixed denominator)

Questions where the function has a linear or factored denominator (with vertical asymptotes), requiring proof that y cannot take values in an open interval, typically using discriminant of a quadratic formed by y=k substitution.

6 Challenging +1.0
1.6% of questions
Show example »
5
  1. Find the equations of the asymptotes of the curve with equation $$y = \frac { x ^ { 2 } + 3 x + 3 } { x + 2 }$$
  2. Show that \(y\) cannot take values between - 3 and 1 .
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Curve with parametric or implicit features

Questions involving curves defined by y² = f(x) or similar implicit/parametric forms, requiring sketching with attention to symmetry and domain restrictions.

5 Standard +0.6
1.3% of questions
Show example »
2 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{63a316f6-1c18-4224-930f-0b58112c9f71-2_341_1043_466_552} The diagram shows the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). The curve has a maximum point at ( 0,5 ) and crosses the \(x\)-axis at \(( - 2,0 ) , ( 3,0 )\) and \(( 4,0 )\). Sketch the curve \(y ^ { 2 } = \mathrm { f } ( x )\), showing clearly the coordinates of any turning points and of any points where this curve crosses the axes.
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Optimization and assignment problems

Questions involving discrete optimization scenarios such as worker-task assignment, route planning, or resource allocation using operations research techniques rather than curve analysis.

5 Moderate -0.9
1.3% of questions
Show example »
Use Fig. 8 to estimate the difference in the length of daylight between places with latitudes of \(30°\) south and \(60°\) south on the day for which the graph applies. [3]
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Solve f(x) > g(x) using sketch

Questions requiring sketching rational function(s) and solving inequalities by comparing f(x) with another function g(x) (linear or otherwise), typically finding intersection points.

5 Moderate -0.3
1.3% of questions
Show example »
  1. Sketch the curve with equation $$y = \frac{k}{x} \quad x \neq 0$$ where \(k\) is a positive constant. [2]
  2. Hence or otherwise, solve $$\frac{16}{x} \leq 2$$ [3]
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Multiple transformations including squared

Questions that sketch a rational function and then require sketching both y = |f(x)| and y² = f(x) or other multiple transformations.

5 Challenging +1.1
1.3% of questions
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The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac{4x^2 + x + 1}{2x^2 - 7x + 3}\).
  1. Find the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\). [2]
  2. Find the coordinates of any stationary points on \(C\). [4]
  3. Sketch \(C\), stating the coordinates of any intersections with the axes. [5]
  4. Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \left|\frac{4x^2 + x + 1}{2x^2 - 7x + 3}\right|\) and state the set of values of \(k\) for which \(\left|\frac{4x^2 + x + 1}{2x^2 - 7x + 3}\right| = k\) has 4 distinct real solutions. [2]
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Single transformation between given equations

Questions that provide two explicit curve equations and ask to describe the single transformation mapping one to the other, where both equations are fully given.

5 Moderate -0.8
1.3% of questions
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5 State the transformation which maps the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 5\) onto the graph of \(y = 3 x ^ { 2 } + 15\).
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Single transformation sketches

Questions asking students to sketch one or two simple transformations (e.g., f(x+a), af(x), f(ax)) separately, typically with a smooth curve and turning points to track.

5 Moderate -0.9
1.3% of questions
Show example »
2 The diagram shows the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). The graph passes through the point with coordinates \(( 0,2 )\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{1c52d6b5-84b4-455a-9620-c377ae457069-2_524_1350_775_346} On separate diagrams sketch the graphs of the following functions, indicating clearly the point of intersection with the \(y\) axis.
  1. \(\quad y = - \mathrm { f } ( x )\)
  2. \(y = f ( 3 x )\)
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Sketch single transformation from given curve

Questions that provide a sketch of y = f(x) and ask students to sketch a single horizontal or vertical translation (e.g., y = f(x+a) or y = f(x)+a), requiring identification of how key features transform.

5 Moderate -0.6
1.3% of questions
Show example »
5. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{871f5957-180d-4379-88ce-186432f57bad-06_988_1158_285_390} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve \(C\) with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). There is a maximum at \(( 0,0 )\), a minimum at \(( 2 , - 1 )\) and \(C\) passes through \(( 3,0 )\). On separate diagrams sketch the curve with equation
  1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 3 )\),
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( - x )\). On each diagram show clearly the coordinates of the maximum point, the minimum point and any points of intersection with the \(x\)-axis.
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Sketch then find derivative/gradient/tangent

Questions that ask to sketch the curve and then find the derivative, gradient at a point, or equation of a tangent line.

5 Moderate -0.4
1.3% of questions
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A curve has equation \(y = (x + 2)^2(2x - 3)\).
  1. Sketch the curve, giving the coordinates of all points of intersection with the axes. [3]
  2. Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where \(x = -1\). Give your answer in the form \(ax + by + c = 0\). [9]
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Sketch rational with linear numerator

Rational functions with linear numerator and linear denominator, typically having horizontal and vertical asymptotes found directly without division (e.g., y = (3x-1)/(x+2), y = (3x-5)/(2x+4)).

5 Standard +0.5
1.3% of questions
Show example »
7 A curve has equation $$y = \frac { 3 x - 1 } { x + 2 }$$
  1. Write down the equations of the two asymptotes to the curve.
  2. Sketch the curve, indicating the coordinates of the points where the curve intersects the coordinate axes.
  3. Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality $$0 < \frac { 3 x - 1 } { x + 2 } < 3$$
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Identify transformation from two graphs

Questions that show two graphs (or multiple graphs) and ask students to identify or state the transformation that maps one to the other, or to state the equation of a transformed graph.

5 Moderate -1.0
1.3% of questions
Show example »
3 \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{2bdf241f-4538-4227-ba00-fe843d1b3aca-2_830_1393_959_334} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 3}
\end{figure} Fig. 3 shows sketches of three graphs, A, B and C. The equation of graph A is \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). State the equation of
  1. graph B ,
  2. graph C.
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Deduce inequality solutions from sketch

Questions asking students to use the provided sketch to deduce values of x satisfying inequalities (e.g., f(x) > 0, f(x) < 0) by reading directly from the graph.

5 Moderate -0.1
1.3% of questions
Show example »
10. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{bb21001f-fe68-4776-992d-ede1aae233d7-26_902_896_248_587} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 4}
\end{figure} Figure 4 shows a sketch of part of the curve \(C\) with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\), where $$f ( x ) = ( 3 x + 20 ) ( x + 6 ) ( 2 x - 3 )$$
  1. Use the given information to state the values of \(x\) for which $$f ( x ) > 0$$
  2. Expand \(( 3 x + 20 ) ( x + 6 ) ( 2 x - 3 )\), writing your answer as a polynomial in simplest form. The straight line \(l\) is the tangent to \(C\) at the point where \(C\) cuts the \(y\)-axis.
    Given that \(l\) cuts \(C\) at the point \(P\), as shown in Figure 4,
  3. find, using algebra, the \(x\) coordinate of \(P\) (Solutions based on calculator technology are not acceptable.)
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Solve transformed function equations

Questions asking students to solve equations involving transformations of the given function (e.g., f(1/4 x) = 0, f(x-p) = 0) by relating roots to the original sketch.

5 Moderate -0.2
1.3% of questions
Show example »
10. The curve \(C _ { 1 }\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\), where $$f ( x ) = ( 4 x - 3 ) ( x - 5 ) ^ { 2 }$$
  1. Sketch \(C _ { 1 }\) showing the coordinates of any point where the curve touches or crosses the coordinate axes.
  2. Hence or otherwise
    1. find the values of \(x\) for which \(\mathrm { f } \left( \frac { 1 } { 4 } x \right) = 0\)
    2. find the value of the constant \(p\) such that the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) + p\) passes through the origin. A second curve \(C _ { 2 }\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x )\), where \(\mathrm { g } ( x ) = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 )\)
    1. Find, in simplest form, \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\). You may leave your answer in a factorised form.
    2. Hence, or otherwise, find the \(y\) intercept of curve \(C _ { 2 }\)
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Sketch two translations on separate diagrams

Questions providing a sketch of y = f(x) and asking students to sketch exactly two transformations on separate diagrams, where both transformations are translations (vertical or horizontal shifts only, e.g. f(x)+a and f(x+b)).

5 Moderate -0.9
1.3% of questions
Show example »
4 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3b927f8b-ddf8-481d-a1ce-3b90bb1435f0-2_437_807_953_579} The graph shows a function \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
On separate graphs, sketch the graphs of the following functions:
  1. \(\quad y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) + 1\),
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 )\).
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Range restriction with discriminant (quadratic denominator)

Questions where the function has a quadratic denominator (no vertical asymptotes), requiring proof that y lies within a closed interval using discriminant analysis of the resulting quadratic in x.

5 Challenging +1.2
1.3% of questions
Iterative formula with graphical justification

Questions asking to show graphically that an equation has a certain number of roots, then use an iterative formula to find a root to specified accuracy.

4 Standard +0.3
1.1% of questions
Show example »
4
  1. Show by means of suitable sketch graphs that the equation $$( x - 2 ) ^ { 4 } = x + 16$$ has exactly 2 real roots.
  2. State the value of the smaller root.
  3. Use the iterative formula $$x _ { n + 1 } = 2 + \sqrt [ 4 ] { x _ { n } + 16 }$$ with a suitable starting value, to find the larger root correct to 3 decimal places.
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Sketch transformations from algebraic function

Questions that give an explicit algebraic function (like f(x) = x³ - 6x² + 5x + 12 or f(x) = ln x) and ask students to sketch the original and/or transformed versions, requiring both algebraic manipulation and transformation application.

4 Moderate -0.7
1.1% of questions
Show example »
5
  1. State the period of the function \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 1 + \cos 2 x\), where \(x\) is in degrees.
  2. State a sequence of two geometrical transformations which maps the curve \(y = \cos x\) onto the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) for \(- 180 ^ { \circ } < x < 180 ^ { \circ }\).
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Transformation effect on key points

Questions that ask for the coordinates of a transformed point (typically a minimum or maximum) after applying a given transformation to a curve.

4 Moderate -0.5
1.1% of questions
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4 The curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) has a minimum point at \(( 3,5 )\).
State the coordinates of the corresponding minimum point on the graph of
  1. \(y = 3 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( 2 x )\).
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Multiple transformations in sequence

Questions asking for the equation after applying two or more transformations in a specified order to a given curve.

4 Moderate -0.4
1.1% of questions
Show example »
4
  1. State the period of the function \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 1 + \cos 2 x\), where \(x\) is in degrees.
  2. State a sequence of two geometrical transformations which maps the curve \(y = \cos x\) onto the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) for \(- 180 ^ { \circ } < x < 180 ^ { \circ }\).
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Sketch rational with reciprocal terms

Rational functions expressed as sum of polynomial and reciprocal terms, where asymptotes are found by considering behavior as x approaches infinity or zero (e.g., y = x/3 + 12/x, y = x - 5 + 1/(x-2), y = 1 + 4/(x(x-3))).

4 Challenging +1.1
1.1% of questions
Show example »
5 The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \frac { 12 ( x + 1 ) } { ( x - 2 ) ^ { 2 } }\).
  1. Determine the coordinates of any stationary points of \(C\).
  2. Sketch \(C\).
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Completing square from standard form

Questions where a quadratic in standard form ax²+bx+c must be converted to completed square form a(x+p)²+q to find the vertex coordinates.

4 Easy -1.1
1.1% of questions
Show example »
2
  1. Find the transformation which maps the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 }\) to the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 8 x - 7\).
  2. Write down the coordinates of the turning point of \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 8 x - 7\).
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Sketch transformed curve from description

Questions that provide a graph of y = f(x) with key features marked and ask students to sketch a specific transformation (like y = f(x+a) or y = af(x)) on separate axes.

4 Moderate -0.4
1.1% of questions
Show example »
4. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{3cf69966-e825-4ff0-a6e8-c5dfdc92c53f-08_604_1207_251_370} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of a curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) The curve has a minimum at \(P ( - 1,0 )\) and a maximum at \(Q \left( \frac { 3 } { 2 } , 2 \right)\) The line with equation \(y = 1\) is the only asymptote to the curve. On separate diagrams sketch the curves with equation
  1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) - 2\)
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( - x )\) On each sketch you must clearly state
    • the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points
    • the equation of the asymptote
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Find tangent to polynomial curve

Questions requiring differentiation of a polynomial (including those with exponential or composite factors) to find the equation of a tangent line at a specified point on the curve.

4 Moderate -0.1
1.1% of questions
Show example »
10. The curve with equation \(y = ( 2 - x ) ( 3 - x ) ^ { 2 }\) crosses the \(x\)-axis at the point \(A\) and touches the \(x\)-axis at the point \(B\).
  1. Sketch the curve, showing the coordinates of \(A\) and \(B\).
  2. Show that the tangent to the curve at \(A\) has the equation $$x + y = 2$$ Given that the curve is stationary at the points \(B\) and \(C\),
  3. find the exact coordinates of \(C\).
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Polynomial with rational/modulus curves

Questions requiring sketching a polynomial alongside a rational function, modulus function, or piecewise function to analyze intersections.

3 Standard +0.4
0.8% of questions
Show example »
  1. (a) Given that \(k\) is a positive constant such that \(0 < k < 4\) sketch, on separate axes, the graphs of
    1. \(y = ( 2 x - k ) ( x + 4 ) ^ { 2 }\)
    2. \(y = \frac { k } { x ^ { 2 } }\) showing the coordinates of any points where the graphs cross or meet the coordinate axes, leaving coordinates in terms of \(k\), where appropriate.
      (b) State, with a reason, the number of roots of the equation
    $$( 2 x - k ) ( x + 4 ) ^ { 2 } = \frac { k } { x ^ { 2 } }$$
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Combined transformation sketches

Questions asking students to sketch a composition of multiple transformations applied together (e.g., -4f(x+3), f(|x|+1)) requiring students to apply transformations in sequence.

3 Standard +0.6
0.8% of questions
Show example »
2 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{774bb427-5392-45d3-8e4e-47d08fb8a792-02_538_1061_388_541} The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). It is given that \(\mathrm { f } ( - 7 ) = 0\) and that there are stationary points at \(( - 2 , - 6 )\) and \(( 0,0 )\). Sketch the curve with equation \(y = - 4 \mathrm { f } ( x + 3 )\), indicating the coordinates of the stationary points.
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Reflection or vertical transformation

Questions involving sketching a polynomial and then applying a reflection (such as y → -y or x → -x) or vertical translation, requiring analysis of how the curve changes under these transformations.

3 Moderate -0.6
0.8% of questions
Show example »
  1. By expanding the brackets, show that \((x - 4)(x - 3)(x + 1) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 5x + 12\). [3]
  2. Sketch the curve \(y = x^3 - 6x^2 + 5x + 12\), giving the coordinates of the points where the curve meets the axes. Label the curve \(C_1\). [3]
  3. On the same diagram as in part (ii), sketch the curve \(y = -x^3 + 6x^2 - 5x - 12\). Label this curve \(C_2\). [2]
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Find constants from sketch features

Questions showing a sketch with marked features (intercepts, turning points) where students must determine unknown constants in a partially given polynomial equation.

3 Standard +0.6
0.8% of questions
Show example »
2. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{624e9e2f-b6b8-47ce-accc-31dcd5f0554e-04_903_1148_123_399} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
\end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\), where \(x \in \mathbb { R }\) and \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) is a polynomial. The curve passes through the origin and touches the \(x\)-axis at the point \(( 3,0 )\) There is a maximum turning point at \(( 1,2 )\) and a minimum turning point at \(( 3,0 )\) On separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equation
  1. \(y = 3 f ( 2 x )\)
  2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( - x ) - 1\) On each sketch, show clearly the coordinates of
    • the point where the curve crosses the \(y\)-axis
    • any maximum or minimum turning points
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Horizontal translation of cubic with root finding

Questions where a cubic is given in factored form, then a horizontal translation f(x-a) or f(x+a) is applied, and students must find the new roots or write the equation of the translated graph.

3 Moderate -0.6
0.8% of questions
Show example »
3
  1. You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x - 2 ) ( x - 4 )\).
    (A) Show that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = x ^ { 3 } - 5 x ^ { 2 } + 2 x + 8\).
    (B) Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
    (C) The graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) is translated by \(\binom { 3 } { 0 }\). State an equation for the resulting graph. You need not simplify your answer.
    Find the coordinates of the point at which the resulting graph crosses the \(y\)-axis.
  2. Show that 3 is a root of \(x ^ { 3 } - 5 x ^ { 2 } + 2 x + 8 = - 4\). Hence solve this equation completely, giving the other roots in surd form.
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Sketch absolute value of function

Questions asking to sketch y = |f(x)| or related absolute value transformations, given the original curve or its equation.

2 Standard +0.3
0.5% of questions
Show example »
7. $$f ( x ) = x ^ { 4 } - 4 x - 8$$
  1. Show that there is a root of \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 0\) in the interval \([ - 2 , - 1 ]\).
  2. Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = ( x - 2 ) \left( x ^ { 3 } + a x ^ { 2 } + b x + c \right)\), find the values of the constants, \(a , b\) and \(c\).
  4. In the space provided on page 21, sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  5. Hence sketch the graph of \(y = | \mathrm { f } ( x ) |\).
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Trigonometric curve intersections

Questions involving sketching a trigonometric curve (sine or cosine) and another curve (typically linear) to determine number of intersections or solutions.

2 Moderate -0.2
0.5% of questions
Show example »
  1. (i) Sketch the curve \(y = \sin x ^ { \circ }\) for \(x\) in the interval \(- 180 \leq x \leq 180\).
    (ii) Sketch on the same diagram the curve \(y = \sin ( x - 30 ) ^ { \circ }\) for \(x\) in the interval \(- 180 \leq x \leq 180\).
    (iii) Use your diagram to solve the equation
$$\sin x ^ { \circ } = \sin ( x - 30 ) ^ { \circ }$$ for \(x\) in the interval \(- 180 \leq x \leq 180\).
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Range from trigonometric functions

Questions asking for the range of trigonometric functions (sine, cosine) with transformations, using amplitude and vertical shift analysis.

2 Moderate -0.7
0.5% of questions
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4 The function f is defined by f : \(x \mapsto 5 - 3 \sin 2 x\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant \pi\).
  1. Find the range of f .
  2. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. State, with a reason, whether f has an inverse.
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Find coordinates after transformation

Questions that ask students to determine the new coordinates of specific points after one or more transformations are applied, without necessarily sketching the full curve.

2 Moderate -0.4
0.5% of questions
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1 The point \(\mathrm { R } ( 6 , - 3 )\) is on the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  1. Find the coordinates of the image of R when the curve is transformed to \(y = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  2. Find the coordinates of the image of R when the curve is transformed to \(y = \mathrm { f } ( 3 x )\).
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Horizontal stretch y = f(ax)

Questions asking to sketch y = f(ax) where a is a constant inside the function argument, involving horizontal stretches or compressions of the given curve.

2 Moderate -0.2
0.5% of questions
Show example »
It is given that $$f(x) = x(x - a)(x - 6)$$ where \(0 < a < 6\)
  1. Sketch the graph of \(y = f(x)\) on the axes below. [3 marks] \includegraphics{figure_11a}
  2. Sketch the graph of \(y = f(-2x)\) on the axes below. [2 marks] \includegraphics{figure_11b}
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Sketch then solve related equations

Questions that ask to sketch the curve and then solve equations involving transformations of the function or intersections with other curves/lines.

2 Standard +0.6
0.5% of questions
Show example »
  1. On separate diagrams sketch the curves with the following equations. On each sketch you should mark the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the coordinate axes.
    1. \(y = x^2 - 2x - 3\)
    2. \(y = x^2 - 2|x| - 3\)
    3. \(y = x^2 - x - |x| - 3\)
    [7]
  2. Solve the equation $$x^2 - x - |x| - 3 = x + |x|$$ [4]
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Sketch then expand or factorise

Questions that ask to sketch the curve and then manipulate the algebraic form by expanding to standard form or factorising completely.

2 Easy -1.2
0.5% of questions
Show example »
Expand \((2x + 5)(x - 1)(x + 3)\), simplifying your answer. [3]
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Finding quadratic from vertex information

Questions where the vertex coordinates and another point are given, requiring construction of the quadratic function in vertex form then possibly expanding.

2 Moderate -0.8
0.5% of questions
Show example »
  1. The curve \(C _ { 1 }\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
Given that
  • \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) is a quadratic expression
  • \(C _ { 1 }\) has a maximum turning point at \(( 2,20 )\)
  • \(C _ { 1 }\) passes through the origin
    1. sketch a graph of \(C _ { 1 }\) showing the coordinates of any points where \(C _ { 1 }\) cuts the coordinate axes,
    2. find an expression for \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).
The curve \(C _ { 2 }\) has equation \(y = x \left( x ^ { 2 } - 4 \right)\) Curve \(C _ { 1 }\) and \(C _ { 2 }\) meet at the origin, and at the points \(P\) and \(Q\) Given that the \(x\) coordinate of the point \(P\) is negative,
  • using algebra and showing all stages of your working, find the coordinates of \(P\)
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    Sketch |f(x)| only

    Questions that only require sketching y = |f(x)| without solving any inequality involving a constant k.

    2 Standard +0.6
    0.5% of questions
    Show example »
    6 The curve \(C\) has equation \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { \mathrm { x } ^ { 2 } + \mathrm { x } - 1 } { \mathrm { x } - 1 }\).
    1. Find the equations of the asymptotes of \(C\).
    2. Show that there is no point on \(C\) for which \(1 < y < 5\).
    3. Find the coordinates of the intersections of \(C\) with the axes, and sketch \(C\).
    4. Sketch the curve with equation \(\mathrm { y } = \left| \frac { \mathrm { x } ^ { 2 } + \mathrm { x } - 1 } { \mathrm { x } - 1 } \right|\).
    View full question →
    Find unknown coefficients from roots

    Questions providing some roots and asking students to find unknown coefficients in the polynomial by using factor theorem or expanding and comparing coefficients.

    2 Standard +0.3
    0.5% of questions
    Show example »
    \includegraphics{figure_1} Figure 1 shows the curve \(y = f(x)\) where $$f(x) = 4 + 5x + kx^2 - 2x^3,$$ and \(k\) is a constant. The curve crosses the \(x\)-axis at the points \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\). Given that \(A\) has coordinates \((-4, 0)\),
    1. show that \(k = -7\), [2]
    2. find the coordinates of \(B\) and \(C\). [5]
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    Sketch translations and stretches/reflections on separate diagrams

    Questions providing a sketch of y = f(x) and asking students to sketch two or more transformations on separate diagrams where at least one transformation is a stretch or reflection (e.g. 2f(x), f(2x), -f(x)) rather than a pure translation.

    2 Moderate -0.6
    0.5% of questions
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    1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 )\),
    2. \(y = 2 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
    3. \(y = \mathrm { f } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x \right)\). On each diagram show clearly the coordinates of all the points where the curve meets the axes.
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    Rational functions with parameters: finding parameter values from conditions

    Questions where parameter values (a, b, λ, p) must be determined from given conditions such as known asymptotes, a point on the curve, or a given asymptote equation.

    2 Standard +0.3
    0.5% of questions
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    The line \(y = 2x + 1\) is an asymptote of the curve \(C\) with equation $$y = \frac{x^2 + 1}{ax + b}.$$
    1. Find the values of the constants \(a\) and \(b\). [3]
    2. State the equation of the other asymptote of \(C\). [1]
    3. Sketch \(C\). [Your sketch should indicate the coordinates of any points of intersection with the \(y\)-axis. You do not need to find the coordinates of any stationary points.] [3]
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    Domain restrictions from monotonicity

    Questions asking to find parameter values or domain restrictions that ensure a function is monotonic (increasing/decreasing), typically using derivative sign analysis.

    1 Standard +0.8
    0.3% of questions
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    3 The equation of a curve is \(y = x ^ { 3 } + x ^ { 2 } - 8 x + 7\). The curve has no stationary points in the interval \(a < x < b\). Find the least possible value of \(a\) and the greatest possible value of \(b\).
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    Modulus transformation only

    Questions that sketch a rational function and then sketch y = |f(x)| only, without any squared or reciprocal variations.

    1 Standard +0.3
    0.3% of questions
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    A curve has equation $$y = \frac{5 - 4x}{1 + x}$$
    1. Sketch the curve. [4 marks]
    2. Hence sketch the graph of \(y = \left|\frac{5 - 4x}{1 + x}\right|\). [1 mark]
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    Point transformation under mapping

    Questions asking for the coordinates of a transformed point when a curve undergoes a specified transformation, rather than the equation itself.

    1 Moderate -0.8
    0.3% of questions
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    1. The point \(P ( - 2 , - 5 )\) lies on the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , \quad x \in \mathbb { R }\)
    Find the point to which \(P\) is mapped, when the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) is transformed to the curve with equation
    1. \(y = f ( x ) + 2\)
    2. \(y = | f ( x ) |\)
    3. \(y = 3 f ( x - 2 ) + 2\)
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    Sketch translations of standard functions

    Questions asking students to sketch translations of standard algebraic functions given by equation only (e.g., y = (x+3)² or y = (x+3)²+k), without a provided sketch, requiring knowledge of the base function shape.

    1 Easy -1.8
    0.3% of questions
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    3. On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of
    1. \(y = ( x + 3 ) ^ { 2 }\),
    2. \(y = ( x + 3 ) ^ { 2 } + k\), where \(k\) is a positive constant. Show on each sketch the coordinates of each point at which the graph meets the axes.
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    Even/odd function verification

    Questions asking students to prove algebraically whether a given function is even, odd, or neither, sometimes with accompanying sketches.

    1 Easy -1.2
    0.3% of questions
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    2
    1. Show that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = \left| x ^ { 3 } \right|\) is an even function.
    2. It is suggested that the function \(\mathrm { g } ( x ) = ( x - 1 ) ^ { 3 }\) is odd. Prove that this is false.
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    Vertex form already given

    Questions where the quadratic is already in completed square form a(x+p)²+q and the vertex can be read directly without algebraic manipulation.

    1 Easy -1.2
    0.3% of questions
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    \(f(x) = 9 - (x - 2)^2\)
    1. Write down the maximum value of \(f(x)\). [1]
    2. Sketch the graph of \(y = f(x)\), showing the coordinates of the points at which the graph meets the coordinate axes. [5]
    The points \(A\) and \(B\) on the graph of \(y = f(x)\) have coordinates \((-2, -7)\) and \((3, 8)\) respectively.
    1. Find, in the form \(y = mx + c\), an equation of the straight line through \(A\) and \(B\). [4]
    2. Find the coordinates of the point at which the line \(AB\) crosses the \(x\)-axis. [2]
    The mid-point of \(AB\) lies on the line with equation \(y = kx\), where \(k\) is a constant.
    1. Find the value of \(k\). [2]
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    Sketch with |x| in function

    Questions where the absolute value is applied to x within the function (e.g., y = (|x|+1)/(|x|-1)) rather than to the entire function output.

    1 Standard +0.8
    0.3% of questions
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    1
    1. Sketch the curve with equation \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { \mathrm { x } + 1 } { \mathrm { x } - 1 }\).
    2. Sketch the curve with equation \(\mathrm { y } = \frac { | \mathrm { x } | + 1 } { | \mathrm { x } | - 1 }\) and find the set of values of x for which \(\frac { | \mathrm { x } | + 1 } { | \mathrm { x } | - 1 } < - 2\).
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    Find stationary points of polynomial with exponential factor

    Questions requiring product rule differentiation to find stationary points where the function involves a polynomial multiplied by an exponential term such as e^x or e^(-x).

    1 Standard +0.3
    0.3% of questions
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    8. \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{802e56f7-5cff-491a-b90b-0759a9b35778-11_1112_1211_280_386} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
    \end{figure} Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve \(C\) with the equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where $$\mathrm { f } ( x ) = \left( 2 x ^ { 2 } - 9 x + 9 \right) e ^ { - x } , \quad x \in R$$ The curve has a minimum turning point at \(A\) and a maximum turning point at \(B\) as shown in the figure above.
    a. Find the coordinates of the point where \(C\) crosses the \(y\)-axis.
    b. Show that \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = - \left( 2 x ^ { 2 } - 13 x + 18 \right) e ^ { - x }\) c. Hence find the exact coordinates of the turning points of \(C\). The graph with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) is transformed onto the graph with equation $$y = a \mathrm { f } ( x ) + b , \quad x \geq 0$$ The range of the graph with equation \(y = a \mathrm { f } ( x ) + b\) is \(0 \leq y \leq 9 e ^ { 2 } + 1\) Given that \(a\) and \(b\) are constants.
    d. find the value of \(a\) and the value of \(b\).
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    Find stationary points with unknown constants

    Questions where the polynomial contains unknown constants (a, b, etc.) that must first be determined from given conditions before finding stationary points.

    1 Standard +0.3
    0.3% of questions
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    1. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where
    $$f ( x ) = a x ^ { 3 } + 15 x ^ { 2 } - 39 x + b$$ and \(a\) and \(b\) are constants.
    Given
    • the point \(( 2,10 )\) lies on \(C\)
    • the gradient of the curve at \(( 2,10 )\) is - 3
      1. (i) show that the value of \(a\) is - 2
        (ii) find the value of \(b\).
      2. Hence show that \(C\) has no stationary points.
      3. Write \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) in the form \(( x - 4 ) \mathrm { Q } ( x )\) where \(\mathrm { Q } ( x )\) is a quadratic expression to be found.
      4. Hence deduce the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve with equation
    $$y = \mathrm { f } ( 0.2 x )$$ and the coordinate axes.
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    Find normal to curve or parallel tangent

    Questions requiring finding the equation of a normal line to a curve, or finding a tangent parallel to a given line or to the tangent at another point, involving an additional step beyond a straightforward tangent calculation.

    1 Moderate -0.8
    0.3% of questions
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    12 Fig. 12 is a sketch of the curve \(y = 2 x ^ { 2 } - 11 x + 12\). \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{b4c0b4b0-f13c-49a9-9f98-f86f28d1f577-5_478_951_333_792} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 12}
    \end{figure}
    1. Show that the curve intersects the \(x\)-axis at \(( 4,0 )\) and find the coordinates of the other point of intersection of the curve and the \(x\)-axis.
    2. Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point \(( 4,0 )\). Show also that the area of the triangle bounded by this normal and the axes is 1.6 units \(^ { 2 }\).
    3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve and the \(x\)-axis.
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    Absolute value transformations

    Questions asking to sketch y = |f(x)| or y = f(|x|), involving modulus/absolute value transformations.

    0
    0.0% of questions
    Linear programming graphical method

    Questions requiring graphical solution of linear programming problems by sketching constraint lines and finding optimal vertices of the feasible region.

    0
    0.0% of questions
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    3 Solve the following LP problem graphically.
    Maximise \(2 x + 3 y\) subject to \(\quad x + y \leqslant 11\) $$\begin{aligned} 3 x + 5 y & \leqslant 39 \\ x + 6 y & \leqslant 39 . \end{aligned}$$
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    Exponential/logarithmic modelling problems

    Questions where the real-world scenario is modelled by exponential or logarithmic functions, typically involving growth or decay over time.

    0
    0.0% of questions
    Range from rational functions

    Questions asking for range or parameter values for rational functions (including reciprocal functions), using asymptote and transformation analysis.

    0
    0.0% of questions
    Multiple transformations including stretches

    Questions asking to sketch multiple transformations where stretches (vertical or horizontal) are combined with other transformations like reflections or translations, not just pure stretches.

    0
    0.0% of questions