Questions Further Mechanics (96 questions)

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OCR Further Mechanics 2018 March Q6
9 marks Standard +0.8
6 A particle \(P\) of mass 2.5 kg strikes a rough horizontal plane. Immediately before \(P\) strikes the plane it has a speed of \(6.5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) and its direction of motion makes an angle of \(30 ^ { \circ }\) with the normal to the plane at the point of impact. The impact may be assumed to occur instantaneously. The coefficient of restitution between \(P\) and the plane is \(\frac { 2 } { 3 }\). The friction causes a horizontal impulse of magnitude 2 Ns to be applied to \(P\) in the plane in which it is moving.
  1. Calculate the velocity of \(P\) immediately after the impact with the plane.
  2. \(\quad P\) loses about \(x \%\) of its kinetic energy as a result of the impact. Find the value of \(x\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 March Q7
12 marks Challenging +1.2
7 A smooth track \(A B\) is in the shape of an arc of a circle with centre \(O\) and radius 1.4 m . The track is fixed in a vertical plane with \(A\) above the level of \(B\) and a point \(C\) on the track vertically below \(O\). Angle \(A O C\) is \(60 ^ { \circ }\) and angle \(C O B\) is \(30 ^ { \circ }\). Point \(C\) is 2.5 m vertically above the point \(F\), which lies in a horizontal plane. A particle of mass 0.4 kg is placed at \(A\) and projected down the track with an initial velocity of \(0.8 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). The particle first hits the plane at point \(H\) (see diagram). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{a8c9d007-e67f-4637-9e74-630ba9a91442-5_767_1265_488_415}
  1. Find the magnitude of the contact force between the particle and the track when the particle is at \(B\). [5]
  2. Find the distance \(F H\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 March Q8
11 marks Challenging +1.2
8 A piston of mass 1.5 kg moves in a straight line inside a long straight horizontal cylinder. At time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) the displacement of the piston from its initial position at one end of the cylinder is \(x \mathrm {~m}\) and its velocity is \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) (see diagram). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{a8c9d007-e67f-4637-9e74-630ba9a91442-5_168_805_1726_630} The piston starts moving when \(t = 2\) and is brought to rest when it reaches the other end of the cylinder. While the piston is in motion it is acted on by a force of magnitude \(\frac { 6 } { t ^ { 2 } } \mathrm {~N}\) in the positive \(x\) direction, and also by a force of magnitude \(\frac { 3 v } { t } \mathrm {~N}\) resisting the motion.
  1. Show that, while the piston is in motion, \(\frac { \mathrm { d } v } { \mathrm {~d} t } + \frac { 2 v } { t } = \frac { 4 } { t ^ { 2 } }\). The piston reaches the other end of the cylinder when \(t = 20\).
  2. Find the speed of the piston immediately before it is brought to rest.
  3. Show that the piston travels a distance of 5.61 m , correct to 3 significant figures. \section*{OCR} \section*{Oxford Cambridge and RSA}
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q1
8 marks Standard +0.3
1 A particle, \(P\), of mass 2 kg moves in two dimensions. Its initial velocity is \(\binom { - 19.5 } { - 60 } \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\).
  1. Calculate the initial kinetic energy of \(P\). For \(t \geqslant 0 , P\) is acted upon only by a variable force \(\mathbf { F } = \binom { 4 t } { - 2 } \mathrm {~N}\), where \(t\) is the time in seconds.
  2. Find
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q2
9 marks Standard +0.3
2 A car of mass 800 kg is driven with its engine generating a power of 15 kW .
  1. The car is first driven along a straight horizontal road and accelerates from rest. Assuming that there is no resistance to motion, find the speed of the car after 6 seconds.
  2. The car is next driven at constant speed up a straight road inclined at an angle \(\theta\) to the horizontal. The resistance to motion is now modelled as being constant with magnitude 150 N . Given that \(\sin \theta = \frac { 1 } { 20 }\), find the speed of the car.
  3. The car is now driven at a constant speed of \(30 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) along the horizontal road pulling a trailer of mass 150 kg which is attached by means of a light rigid horizontal towbar. Assuming that the resistance to motion of the car is three times the resistance to motion of the trailer, find
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q3
8 marks Challenging +1.8
3 Three particles, \(A , B\) and \(C\), of masses \(2 \mathrm {~kg} , 3 \mathrm {~kg}\) and 5 kg respectively, are at rest in a straight line on a smooth horizontal plane with \(B\) between \(A\) and \(C\). Collisions between \(A\) and \(B\) are perfectly elastic. The coefficient of restitution for collisions between \(B\) and \(C\) is \(e\). \(A\) is projected towards \(B\) with a speed of \(5 u \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) (see diagram). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{493f11f4-e25c-4eeb-a0ab-20ec6d7a7a7d-2_186_903_2330_251} Show that only two collisions occur.
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q4
9 marks Challenging +1.2
4 A particle \(P\) of mass 8 kg moves in a straight line on a smooth horizontal plane. At time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) the displacement of \(P\) from a fixed point \(O\) on the line is \(x \mathrm {~m}\) and the velocity of \(P\) is \(v \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\). Initially, \(P\) is at rest at \(O\). \(P\) is acted on by a horizontal force, directed along the line away from \(O\), with magnitude proportional to \(\sqrt { 9 + v ^ { 2 } }\). When \(v = 1.25\), the magnitude of this force is 13 N .
  1. Show that \(\frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 9 + v ^ { 2 } } } \frac { \mathrm {~d} v } { \mathrm {~d} t } = \frac { 1 } { 2 }\).
  2. Find an expression for \(v\) in terms of \(t\) for \(t \geqslant 0\).
  3. Find an expression for \(x\) in terms of \(t\) for \(t \geqslant 0\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q5
11 marks Challenging +1.2
5 One end of a light inextensible string of length 0.8 m is attached to a fixed point, \(O\). The other end is attached to a particle \(P\) of mass \(1.2 \mathrm {~kg} . P\) hangs in equilibrium at a distance of 1.5 m above a horizontal plane. The point on the plane directly below \(O\) is \(F\). \(P\) is projected horizontally with speed \(3.5 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\). The string breaks when \(O P\) makes an angle of \(\frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi\) radians with the downwards vertical through \(O\) (see diagram). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{493f11f4-e25c-4eeb-a0ab-20ec6d7a7a7d-3_776_910_1242_244}
  1. Find the magnitude of the tension in the string at the instant before the string breaks.
  2. Find the distance between \(F\) and the point where \(P\) first hits the plane.
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q6
17 marks Standard +0.3
6 This question is about modelling the relation between the pressure, \(P\), volume, \(V\), and temperature, \(\theta\), of a fixed amount of gas in a container whose volume can be varied. The amount of gas is measured in moles; 1 mole is a dimensionless constant representing a fixed number of molecules of gas. Gas temperatures are measured on the Kelvin scale; the unit for temperature is denoted by K . You may assume that temperature is a dimensionless quantity. A gas in a container will always exert an outwards force on the walls of the container. The pressure of the gas is defined to be the magnitude of this force per unit area of the walls, with \(P\) always positive. An initial model of the relation is given by \(P ^ { \alpha } V ^ { \beta } = n R \theta\), where \(n\) is the number of moles of gas present and \(R\) is a quantity called the Universal Gas Constant. The value of \(R\), correct to 3 significant figures, is \(8.31 \mathrm { JK } ^ { - 1 }\).
  1. Show that \([ P ] = \mathrm { ML } ^ { - 1 } \mathrm {~T} ^ { - 2 }\) and \([ R ] = \mathrm { ML } ^ { 2 } \mathrm {~T} ^ { - 2 }\).
  2. Hence show that \(\alpha = 1\) and \(\beta = 1\). 5 moles of gas are present in the container which initially has volume \(0.03 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 3 }\) and which is maintained at a temperature of 300 K .
  3. Find the pressure of the gas, as predicted by the model. An improved model of the relation is given by \(\left( P + \frac { a n ^ { 2 } } { V ^ { 2 } } \right) ( V - n b ) = n R \theta\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants.
  4. Determine the dimensions of \(b\) and \(a\). The values of \(a\) and \(b\) (in appropriate units) are measured as being 0.14 and \(3.2 \times 10 ^ { - 5 }\) respectively.
  5. Find the pressure of the gas as predicted by the improved model. Suppose that the volume of the container is now reduced to \(1.5 \times 10 ^ { - 4 } \mathrm {~m} ^ { 3 }\) while keeping the temperature at 300 K .
  6. By considering the value of the pressure of the gas as predicted by the improved model, comment on the validity of this model in this situation.
OCR Further Mechanics 2018 December Q7
13 marks Challenging +1.2
7 Particles \(A , B\) and \(C\) of masses \(2 \mathrm {~kg} , 3 \mathrm {~kg}\) and 5 kg respectively are joined by light rigid rods to form a triangular frame. The frame is placed at rest on a horizontal plane with \(A\) at the point ( 0,0 ), \(B\) at the point ( \(0.6,0\) ) and \(C\) at the point ( \(0.4,0.2\) ), where distances in the coordinate system are measured in metres (see Fig. 1). \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{493f11f4-e25c-4eeb-a0ab-20ec6d7a7a7d-5_304_666_434_251} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 1}
\end{figure} \(G\), which is the centre of mass of the frame, is at the point \(( \bar { x } , \bar { y } )\).
  1. - Show that \(\bar { x } = 0.38\).
    A rough plane, \(\Pi\), is inclined at an angle \(\theta\) to the horizontal where \(\sin \theta = \frac { 3 } { 5 }\). The frame is placed on \(\Pi\) with \(A B\) vertical and \(B\) in contact with \(\Pi\). \(C\) is in the same vertical plane as \(A B\) and a line of greatest slope of \(\Pi . C\) is on the down-slope side of \(A B\). The frame is kept in equilibrium by a horizontal light elastic string whose natural length is \(l \mathrm {~m}\) and whose modulus of elasticity is \(g \mathrm {~N}\). The string is attached to \(A\) at one end and to a fixed point on \(\Pi\) at the other end (see Fig. 2). \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{493f11f4-e25c-4eeb-a0ab-20ec6d7a7a7d-5_611_842_1649_248} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2}
    \end{figure} The coefficient of friction between \(B\) and \(\Pi\) is \(\mu\).
  2. Show that \(l = 0.3\).
  3. Show that \(\mu \geqslant \frac { 14 } { 27 }\). \section*{OCR} Oxford Cambridge and RSA
OCR Further Mechanics 2017 Specimen Q1
9 marks Standard +0.8
1 A body, \(P\), of mass 2 kg moves under the action of a single force \(\mathbf { F } \mathrm { N }\). At time \(t \mathrm {~s}\), the velocity of the body is \(\mathbf { v } \mathrm { m } \mathrm { s } ^ { - 1 }\), where $$\mathbf { v } = \left( t ^ { 2 } - 3 \right) \mathbf { i } + \frac { 5 } { 2 t + 1 } \mathbf { j } \text { for } t \geq 2 .$$
  1. Obtain \(\mathbf { F }\) in terms of \(t\).
  2. Calculate the rate at which the force \(\mathbf { F }\) is working at \(t = 4\).
  3. By considering the change in kinetic energy of \(P\), calculate the work done by the force \(\mathbf { F }\) during the time interval \(2 \leq t \leq 4\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2017 Specimen Q3
5 marks Standard +0.3
3 A body, \(Q\), of mass 2 kg moves in a straight line under the action of a single force which acts in the direction of motion of \(Q\). Initially the speed of \(Q\) is \(5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). At time \(t \mathrm {~s}\), the magnitude \(F N\) of the force is given by $$F = t ^ { 2 } + 3 \mathrm { e } ^ { t } , \quad 0 \leq t \leq 4 .$$
  1. Calculate the impulse of the force over the time interval.
  2. Hence find the speed of \(Q\) when \(t = 4\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q2
10 marks Standard +0.3
2 A solenoid is a device formed by winding a wire tightly around a hollow cylinder so that the wire forms (approximately) circular loops along the cylinder (see diagram). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{91098ecb-fb4a-44aa-9e59-6c6fe3704966-02_164_697_1484_233} When the wire carries an electrical current a magnetic field is created inside the solenoid which can cause a particle which is moving inside the solenoid to accelerate. A student is carrying out experiments on particles moving inside solenoids. His professor suggests that, for a particle of mass \(m\) moving with speed \(v\) inside a solenoid of length \(h\), the acceleration \(a\) of the particle can be modelled by a relationship of the form \(a = k m ^ { \alpha } v ^ { \beta } h ^ { \gamma }\), where \(k\) is a constant. The professor tells the student that \([ k ] = \mathrm { MLT } ^ { - 1 }\).
  1. Use dimensional analysis to find \(\alpha , \beta\) and \(\gamma\).
  2. The mass of an electron is \(9.11 \times 10 ^ { - 31 } \mathrm {~kg}\) and the mass of a proton is \(1.67 \times 10 ^ { - 27 } \mathrm {~kg}\). For an electron and a proton moving inside the same solenoid with the same speed, use the model to find the ratio of the acceleration of the electron to the acceleration of the proton.
  3. The professor tells the student that \(a\) also depends on the number of turns or loops of wire, \(N\), that the solenoid has. Explain why dimensional analysis cannot be used to determine the dependence of \(a\) on \(N\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q3
9 marks Standard +0.8
3 A right circular cone \(C\) of height 4 m and base radius 3 m has its base fixed to a horizontal plane. One end of a light elastic string of natural length 2 m and modulus of elasticity 32 N is fixed to the vertex of \(C\). The other end of the string is attached to a particle \(P\) of mass 2.5 kg . \(P\) moves in a horizontal circle with constant speed and in contact with the smooth curved surface of \(C\). The extension of the string is 1.5 m .
  1. Find the tension in the string.
  2. Find the speed of \(P\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q4
9 marks Challenging +1.8
4 Two particles \(A\) and \(B\), of masses \(m \mathrm {~kg}\) and 1 kg respectively, are connected by a light inextensible string of length \(d \mathrm {~m}\) and placed at rest on a smooth horizontal plane a distance of \(\frac { 1 } { 2 } d \mathrm {~m}\) apart. \(B\) is then projected horizontally with speed \(v \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) in a direction perpendicular to \(A B\).
  1. Show that, at the instant that the string becomes taut, the magnitude of the instantaneous impulse in the string, \(I \mathrm { Ns }\), is given by \(I = \frac { \sqrt { 3 } m v } { 2 ( 1 + m ) }\).
  2. Find, in terms of \(m\) and \(v\), the kinetic energy of \(B\) at the instant after the string becomes taut. Give your answer as a single algebraic fraction.
  3. In the case where \(m\) is very large, describe, with justification, the approximate motion of \(B\) after the string becomes taut.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q1
13 marks Standard +0.3
1 A particle \(Q\) of mass \(m \mathrm {~kg}\) is acted on by a single force so that it moves with constant acceleration \(\mathbf { a } = \binom { 1 } { 2 } \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 2 }\). Initially \(Q\) is at the point \(O\) and is moving with velocity \(\mathbf { u } = \binom { 2 } { - 5 } \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\). After \(Q\) has been moving for 5 seconds it reaches the point \(A\).
  1. Use the equation \(\mathbf { v } . \mathbf { v } = \mathbf { u } . \mathbf { u } + 2 \mathbf { a } . \mathbf { x }\) to show that at \(A\) the kinetic energy of \(Q\) is 37 m J .
    1. Show that the power initially generated by the force is - 8 mW W.
    2. The power in part (b)(i) is negative. Explain what this means about the initial motion of \(Q\).
    1. Find the time at which the power generated by the force is instantaneously zero.
    2. Find the minimum kinetic energy of \(Q\) in terms of \(m\).
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q2
19 marks Standard +0.8
2 A particle \(P\) of mass 4.5 kg is free to move along the \(x\)-axis. In a model of the motion it is assumed that \(P\) is acted on by two forces:
  • a constant force of magnitude \(f \mathrm {~N}\) in the positive \(x\) direction;
  • a resistance to motion, \(R \mathrm {~N}\), whose magnitude is proportional to the speed of \(P\).
At time \(t\) seconds the velocity of \(P\) is \(v \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\). When \(t = 0 , P\) is at the origin \(O\) and is moving in the positive direction with speed \(u \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\), and when \(v = 5 , R = 2\). \begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)] \item Show that, according to the model, \(\frac { \mathrm { d } v } { \mathrm {~d} t } = \frac { 10 f - 4 v } { 45 }\). \item
  1. By solving the differential equation in part (a), show that \(v = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \left( 5 f - ( 5 f - 2 u ) \mathrm { e } ^ { - \frac { 4 } { 45 } t } \right)\).
  2. Describe briefly how, according to the model, the speed of \(P\) varies over time in each of the following cases.
    The flat surface of a smooth solid hemisphere of radius \(r\) is fixed to a horizontal plane on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is denoted by \(\gamma\). \(O\) is the centre of the flat surface of the hemisphere. A particle \(P\) is held at a point on the surface of the hemisphere such that the angle between \(O P\) and the upward vertical through \(O\) is \(\alpha\), where \(\cos \alpha = \frac { 3 } { 4 }\). \(P\) is then released from rest. \(F\) is the point on the plane where \(P\) first hits the plane (see diagram).
    1. Find an exact expression for the distance \(O F\). The acceleration due to gravity on and near the surface of the planet Earth is roughly \(6 \gamma\).
    2. Explain whether \(O F\) would increase, decrease or remain unchanged if the action were repeated on the planet Earth.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q1
6 marks Standard +0.8
1 A bungee jumper of mass 80 kg steps off a high bridge with an elastic rope attached to her ankles. She is assumed to fall vertically from rest and the air resistance she experiences is modelled as a constant force of 32 N . The rope has natural length 4 m and modulus of elasticity 470 N . By considering energy, determine the total distance she falls before first coming to instantaneous rest.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q2
7 marks Standard +0.8
2 One end of a light inextensible string of length 0.75 m is attached to a particle \(A\) of mass 2.8 kg . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point \(O . A\) is projected horizontally with speed \(6 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) from a point 0.75 m vertically above \(O\) (see Fig. 2). When \(O A\) makes an angle \(\theta\) with the upward vertical the speed of \(A\) is \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). \(\xrightarrow [ A \text { a } ] { 6 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 } }\) Fig. 2
  1. Show that \(v ^ { 2 } = 50.7 - 14.7 \cos \theta\).
  2. Given that the string breaks when the tension in it reaches 200 N , find the angle that \(O A\) turns through between the instant that \(A\) is projected and the instant that the string breaks.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q3
15 marks Standard +0.3
3 The resistive force, \(F\), on a sphere falling through a viscous fluid is thought to depend on the radius of the sphere, \(r\), the velocity of the sphere, \(v\), and the viscosity of the fluid, \(\eta\). You are given that \(\eta\) is measured in \(\mathrm { Nm } ^ { - 2 } \mathrm {~s}\).
  1. By considering its units, find the dimensions of viscosity. A model of the resistive force suggests the following relationship: \(F = 6 \pi \eta ^ { \alpha } r ^ { \beta } v ^ { \gamma }\).
  2. Explain whether or not it is possible to use dimensional analysis to verify that the constant \(6 \pi\) is correct.
  3. Use dimensional analysis to find the values of \(\alpha , \beta\) and \(\gamma\). A sphere of radius \(r\) and mass \(m\) falls vertically from rest through the fluid. After a time \(t\) its velocity is \(v\).
  4. By setting up and solving a differential equation, show that \(\mathrm { e } ^ { - k t } = \frac { g - k v } { g }\) where \(k = \frac { 6 \pi \eta r } { m }\). As the time increases, the velocity of the sphere tends towards a limit called the terminal velocity.
  5. Find, in terms of \(g\) and \(k\), the terminal velocity of the sphere. In a sequence of experiments the sphere is allowed to fall through fluids of different viscosity, ranging from small to very large, with all other conditions being constant. The terminal velocity of the sphere through each fluid is measured.
  6. Describe how, according to the model, the terminal velocity of the sphere changes as the viscosity of the fluid through which it falls increases.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q4
12 marks Challenging +1.3
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a uniform lamina in the shape of a sector of a circle of radius \(r\) and angle \(2 \theta\) where \(\theta\) is in radians. The sector consists of a triangle \(O A B\) and a segment bounded by the chord \(A B\). \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{8859baf3-f8e8-4fbf-b54f-34f550b02c26-03_358_545_543_255} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 4.1}
\end{figure}
  1. Explain why the centre of mass of the segment lies on the radius through the midpoint of \(A B\).
  2. Show that the distance of the centre of mass of the segment from \(O\) is \(\frac { 2 r \sin ^ { 3 } \theta } { 3 ( \theta - \sin \theta \cos \theta ) }\). A uniform circular lamina of radius 5 units is placed with its centre at the origin, \(O\), of an \(x - y\) coordinate system. A component for a machine is made by removing and discarding a segment from the lamina. The radius of the circle from which the segment is formed is 3 units and the centre of this circle is \(O\). The centre of the straight edge of the segment has coordinates \(( 0,2 )\) and this edge is perpendicular to the \(y\)-axis (see Fig. 4.2). \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{8859baf3-f8e8-4fbf-b54f-34f550b02c26-03_748_743_1594_251} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 4.2}
    \end{figure}
  3. Find the \(y\)-coordinate of the centre of mass of the component, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. \(C\) is the point on the component with coordinates \(( 0,5 )\). The component is now placed horizontally and supported only at \(O\). A particle of mass \(m \mathrm {~kg}\) is placed on the component at \(C\) and the component and particle are in equilibrium.
  4. Find the mass of the component in terms of \(m\). Total Marks for Question Set 3: 40
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q2
9 marks Challenging +1.2
2 The cover of a children's book is modelled as being a uniform lamina \(L . L\) occupies the region bounded by the \(x\)-axis, the curve \(y = 6 + \sin x\) and the lines \(x = 0\) and \(x = 5\) (see Fig. 2.1). The centre of mass of \(L\) is at the point \(( \bar { x } , \bar { y } )\). \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{d6bf2fa5-2f29-4632-b27d-ed8c5a0379cf-02_650_534_1030_255} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.1}
\end{figure}
  1. Show that \(\bar { x } = 2.36\), correct to 3 significant figures.
  2. Find \(\bar { y }\), giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. The side of \(L\) along the \(y\)-axis is attached to the rest of the book and the book is placed on a rough horizontal plane. The attachment of the cover to the book is modelled as a hinge. The cover is held in equilibrium at an angle of \(\frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi\) radians to the horizontal by a force of magnitude \(P \mathrm {~N}\) acting at \(B\) perpendicular to the cover (see Fig. 2.2). \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{d6bf2fa5-2f29-4632-b27d-ed8c5a0379cf-03_412_213_402_525} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.2}
    \end{figure}
  3. State two additional modelling assumptions, one about the attachment of the cover and one about the badge, which are necessary to allow the value of \(P\) to be determined.
  4. Using the modelling assumptions, determine the value of \(P\) giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q3
12 marks Challenging +1.8
3 Two smooth circular discs \(A\) and \(B\) are moving on a horizontal plane. The masses of \(A\) and \(B\) are 3 kg and 4 kg respectively. At the instant before they collide
  • the velocity of \(A\) is \(2 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) at an angle of \(60 ^ { \circ }\) to the line joining their centres,
  • the velocity of \(B\) is \(5 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) towards \(A\) along the line joining their centres (see Fig. 3).
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{d6bf2fa5-2f29-4632-b27d-ed8c5a0379cf-03_479_1025_1466_248} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 3}
\end{figure} Given that the velocity of \(A\) after the collision is perpendicular to the velocity of \(A\) before the collision, find
  1. the coefficient of restitution between \(A\) and \(B\),
  2. the total loss of kinetic energy as a result of the collision.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q4
9 marks Challenging +1.2
4 One end of a light elastic string of natural length \(l \mathrm {~m}\) and modulus of elasticity \(\lambda \mathrm { N }\) is attached to a particle \(A\) of mass \(m \mathrm {~kg}\). The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point \(O\) which is on a horizontal surface. The surface is modelled as being smooth and \(A\) moves in a circular path around \(O\) with constant speed \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). The extension of the string is denoted by \(x \mathrm {~m}\).
  1. Show that \(x\) satisfies \(\lambda x ^ { 2 } + \lambda l x - l m v ^ { 2 } = 0\).
  2. By solving the equation in part (a) and using a binomial series, show that if \(\lambda\) is very large then \(\lambda x \approx m v ^ { 2 }\).
  3. By considering the tension in the string, explain how the result obtained when \(\lambda\) is very large relates to the situation when the string is inextensible. The nature of the horizontal surface is such that the modelling assumption that it is smooth is justifiable provided that the speed of the particle does not exceed \(7 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). In the case where \(m = 0.16\) and \(\lambda = 260\), the extension of the string is measured as being 3.0 cm .
  4. Estimate the value of \(v\).
  5. Explain whether the value of \(v\) means that the modelling assumption is necessarily justifiable in this situation.
OCR Further Mechanics 2021 June Q1
9 marks Standard +0.3
1 A car of mass 800 kg is driven with its engine generating a power of 15 kW .
  1. The car is first driven along a straight horizontal road and accelerates from rest. Assuming that there is no resistance to motion, find the speed of the car after 6 seconds.
  2. The car is next driven at constant speed up a straight road inclined at an angle \(\theta\) to the horizontal. The resistance to motion is now modelled as being constant with magnitude 150 N . Given that \(\sin \theta = \frac { 1 } { 20 }\), find the speed of the car.
  3. The car is now driven at a constant speed of \(30 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) along the horizontal road pulling a trailer of mass 150 kg which is attached by means of a light rigid horizontal towbar. Assuming that the resistance to motion of the car is three times the resistance to motion of the trailer, find