A small sphere, of mass \(m\), is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length \(a\)
The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point \(O\)
The sphere is at rest in equilibrium directly below \(O\) when it is struck, giving it a horizontal impulse of magnitude \(mU\)
After the impulse, the sphere follows a circular path in a vertical plane containing the point \(O\) until the string becomes slack at the point \(C\)
At \(C\) the string makes an angle of 30° with the upward vertical through \(O\), as shown in the diagram below.
\includegraphics{figure_9}
- Show that
$$U^2 = \frac{ag}{2}\left(4 + 3\sqrt{3}\right)$$
where \(g\) is the acceleration due to gravity.
[6 marks]
- With reference to any modelling assumptions that you have made, explain why giving your answer as an inequality would be more appropriate, and state this inequality.
[2 marks]