Questions FP1 (1491 questions)

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CAIE FP1 2013 June Q6
8 marks Challenging +1.2
6 The linear transformation \(\mathrm { T } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 }\) is represented by the matrix \(\mathbf { M }\), where $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r r } - 2 & 5 & 3 & - 1 \\ 0 & 1 & - 4 & - 2 \\ 6 & - 14 & - 13 & 1 \\ \alpha & \alpha & - 2 \alpha & - 11 \alpha \end{array} \right)$$ and \(\alpha\) is a constant. The null space of T is denoted by \(K _ { 1 }\) when \(\alpha \neq 0\), and by \(K _ { 2 }\) when \(\alpha = 0\). Find a basis for \(K _ { 1 }\) and a basis for \(K _ { 2 }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q7
10 marks Challenging +1.2
7 Find the value of the constant \(\lambda\) such that \(\lambda x \mathrm { e } ^ { - x }\) is a particular integral of the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } } + 5 \frac { \mathrm {~d} y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 4 y = 6 \mathrm { e } ^ { - x }$$ Find the solution of the differential equation for which \(y = 2\) and \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 3\) when \(x = 0\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q8
11 marks Challenging +1.2
8 The curve \(C\) has parametric equations \(x = \frac { 3 } { 2 } t ^ { 2 } , y = t ^ { 3 }\), for \(0 \leqslant t \leqslant 2\). Find the arc length of \(C\). Find the coordinates of the centroid of the region enclosed by \(C\), the \(x\)-axis and the line \(x = 6\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q9
11 marks Standard +0.8
9 The square matrix \(\mathbf { A }\) has an eigenvalue \(\lambda\) with corresponding eigenvector \(\mathbf { e }\). The non-singular matrix \(\mathbf { M }\) is of the same order as \(\mathbf { A }\). Show that \(\mathbf { M e }\) is an eigenvector of the matrix \(\mathbf { B }\), where \(\mathbf { B } = \mathbf { M } \mathbf { A } \mathbf { M } ^ { - 1 }\), and that \(\lambda\) is the corresponding eigenvalue. Let $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } - 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 \end{array} \right)$$ Write down the eigenvalues of \(\mathbf { A }\) and obtain corresponding eigenvectors. Given that $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { l l l } 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$$ find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of \(\mathbf { B }\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q10
12 marks Challenging +1.3
10 Use the identity \(2 \sin P \cos Q \equiv \sin ( P + Q ) + \sin ( P - Q )\) to show that $$2 \sin \theta \cos \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right) \equiv \cos \left( 2 \theta - \frac { 3 } { 4 } \pi \right) + \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { } 2 }$$ A curve has polar equation \(r = 2 \sin \theta \cos \left( \theta - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi \right)\), for \(0 \leqslant \theta \leqslant \frac { 3 } { 4 } \pi\). Sketch the curve and state the polar equation of its line of symmetry, justifying your answer. Show that the area of the region enclosed by the curve is \(\frac { 3 } { 8 } ( \pi + 1 )\).
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 EITHER
Challenging +1.2
The line \(l _ { 1 }\) passes through the point \(A\) whose position vector is \(4 \mathbf { i } + 7 \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to the vector \(3 \mathbf { i } + 2 \mathbf { j } - \mathbf { k }\). The line \(l _ { 2 }\) passes through the point \(B\) whose position vector is \(\mathbf { i } + 7 \mathbf { j } + 11 \mathbf { k }\) and is parallel to the vector \(\mathbf { i } - 6 \mathbf { j } - 2 \mathbf { k }\). The points \(P\) on \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(Q\) on \(l _ { 2 }\) are such that \(P Q\) is perpendicular to both \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\). Find the position vectors of \(P\) and \(Q\). Find the shortest distance between the line through \(A\) and \(B\) and the line through \(P\) and \(Q\), giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
CAIE FP1 2013 June Q11 OR
Standard +0.8
Show the cube roots of 1 on an Argand diagram. Show that the two non-real cube roots can be expressed in the form \(\omega\) and \(\omega ^ { 2 }\), and find these cube roots in exact cartesian form \(x + i y\). Evaluate the determinant $$\left| \begin{array} { c c c } 1 & 3 \omega & 2 \omega ^ { 2 } \\ 3 \omega ^ { 2 } & 2 & \omega \\ 2 \omega & \omega ^ { 2 } & 3 \end{array} \right|$$ It is given that \(z = ( 4 \sqrt { } 3 ) \left( \cos \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi + i \sin \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi \right) - 4 \left( \cos \frac { 11 } { 6 } \pi + i \sin \frac { 11 } { 6 } \pi \right)\). Express \(z\) in the form \(r ( \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta )\), giving exact values for \(r\) and \(\theta\). Hence find the cube roots of \(z\) in the form \(r ( \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta )\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q1
5 marks Standard +0.8
1 The equation \(x ^ { 3 } + p x + q = 0\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are constants, with \(q \neq 0\), has one root which is the reciprocal of another root. Prove that \(p + q ^ { 2 } = 1\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q2
5 marks Standard +0.8
2 Expand and simplify \(( r + 1 ) ^ { 4 } - r ^ { 4 }\). Use the method of differences together with the standard results for \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r\) and \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r ^ { 2 }\) to show that $$\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } r ^ { 3 } = \frac { 1 } { 4 } n ^ { 2 } ( n + 1 ) ^ { 2 }$$
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q3
6 marks Standard +0.8
3 Prove by mathematical induction that, for all non-negative integers \(n\), $$11 ^ { 2 n } + 25 ^ { n } + 22$$ is divisible by 24 .
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q4
6 marks Standard +0.8
4 Obtain the general solution of the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } - 6 \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 25 x = 195 \sin 2 t$$
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q5
6 marks Standard +0.8
5 The curve \(C\) has polar equation \(r = a ( 1 + \sin \theta )\), where \(a\) is a positive constant and \(0 \leqslant \theta < 2 \pi\). Draw a sketch of \(C\). Find the exact value of the area of the region enclosed by \(C\) and the half-lines \(\theta = \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi\) and \(\theta = \frac { 2 } { 3 } \pi\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q6
8 marks Challenging +1.2
6 The linear transformation \(\mathrm { T } : \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 } \rightarrow \mathbb { R } ^ { 4 }\) is represented by the matrix \(\mathbf { M }\), where $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r r } 2 & - 1 & 1 & 3 \\ 2 & 0 & 0 & 5 \\ 6 & - 2 & 2 & 11 \\ 10 & - 3 & 3 & 19 \end{array} \right)$$
  1. Find the rank of \(\mathbf { M }\) and state a basis for the range space of T .
  2. Obtain a basis for the null space of T .
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q7
9 marks Challenging +1.2
7 Use de Moivre's theorem to show that $$\tan 5 \theta = \frac { 5 t - 10 t ^ { 3 } + t ^ { 5 } } { 1 - 10 t ^ { 2 } + 5 t ^ { 4 } }$$ where \(t = \tan \theta\). Deduce that the roots of the equation \(t ^ { 4 } - 10 t ^ { 2 } + 5 = 0\) are \(\pm \tan \frac { 1 } { 5 } \pi\) and \(\pm \tan \frac { 2 } { 5 } \pi\). Hence show that \(\tan \frac { 1 } { 5 } \pi \tan \frac { 2 } { 5 } \pi = \sqrt { } 5\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q8
10 marks Challenging +1.2
8 The curve \(C\) has parametric equations $$x = t ^ { 2 } , \quad y = t - \frac { 1 } { 3 } t ^ { 3 } , \quad \text { for } 0 \leqslant t \leqslant 1 .$$ Find
  1. the arc length of \(C\),
  2. the surface area generated when \(C\) is rotated through \(2 \pi\) radians about the \(x\)-axis.
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q9
10 marks Standard +0.3
9 The matrix \(\mathbf { M }\), where $$\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { r r r } - 2 & 2 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 2 \\ - 3 & - 6 & - 7 \end{array} \right)$$ has an eigenvector \(\left( \begin{array} { r } 0 \\ 1 \\ - 1 \end{array} \right)\). Find the corresponding eigenvalue. It is given that if the eigenvalues of a general \(3 \times 3\) matrix \(\mathbf { A }\), where $$\mathbf { A } = \left( \begin{array} { l l l } a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{array} \right)$$ are \(\lambda _ { 1 } , \lambda _ { 2 }\) and \(\lambda _ { 3 }\) then $$\lambda _ { 1 } + \lambda _ { 2 } + \lambda _ { 3 } = a + e + i$$ and the determinant of \(\mathbf { A }\) has the value \(\lambda _ { 1 } \lambda _ { 2 } \lambda _ { 3 }\). Use these results to find the other two eigenvalues of the matrix \(\mathbf { M }\), and find corresponding eigenvectors.
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q10
10 marks Challenging +1.8
10 It is given that \(I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 2 n } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x\), where \(n \geqslant 0\). Show that $$I _ { n } - I _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 2 ^ { - \left( n + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \right) } } { 2 n + 1 }$$ Hence show that \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 6 } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x = \ln ( 1 + \sqrt { } 2 ) - \frac { 73 } { 120 } \sqrt { } 2\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q11
11 marks Challenging +1.2
11 The line \(l _ { 1 }\) passes through the points \(A ( 2,3 , - 5 )\) and \(B ( 8,7 , - 13 )\). The line \(l _ { 2 }\) passes through the points \(C ( - 2,1,8 )\) and \(D ( 3 , - 1,4 )\). Find the shortest distance between the lines \(l _ { 1 }\) and \(l _ { 2 }\). The plane \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) passes through the points \(A , B\) and \(D\). The plane \(\Pi _ { 2 }\) passes though the points \(A , C\) and \(D\). Find the acute angle between \(\Pi _ { 1 }\) and \(\Pi _ { 2 }\), giving your answer in degrees.
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q12 EITHER
Challenging +1.2
The curve \(C\) has parametric equations $$x = t ^ { 2 } , \quad y = ( 2 - t ) ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } , \quad \text { for } 0 \leqslant t \leqslant 2 .$$ Find
  1. \(\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } y } { \mathrm {~d} x ^ { 2 } }\) in terms of \(t\),
  2. the mean value of \(y\) with respect to \(x\) over the interval \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 4\),
  3. the \(y\)-coordinate of the centroid of the region enclosed by \(C\), the \(x\)-axis and the \(y\)-axis.
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q12 OR
Challenging +1.2
The curve \(C\) has equation $$y = \frac { a x ^ { 2 } + b x + c } { x + d }$$ where \(a , b , c\) and \(d\) are constants. The curve cuts the \(y\)-axis at \(( 0 , - 2 )\) and has asymptotes \(x = 2\) and \(y = x + 1\).
  1. Write down the value of \(d\).
  2. Determine the values of \(a , b\) and \(c\).
  3. Show that, at all points on \(C\), either \(y \leqslant 3 - 2 \sqrt { 6 }\) or \(y \geqslant 3 + 2 \sqrt { 6 }\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q1
5 marks Moderate -0.5
1 The vectors \(\mathbf { a } , \mathbf { b } , \mathbf { c }\) and \(\mathbf { d }\) in \(\mathbb { R } ^ { 3 }\) are given by $$\mathbf { a } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 2 \\ - 1 \\ 1 \end{array} \right)$$
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q2
6 marks Standard +0.8
, \quad \mathbf { b } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 1
1
1 \end{array} \right) , \quad \mathbf { c } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 0
1
- 1 \end{array} \right) \quad \text { and } \quad \mathbf { d } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 2
- 1
1 \end{array} \right)
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q3
7 marks Standard +0.3
3
- 2
0 \end{array} \right) .$$ Show that \(\{ \mathbf { a } , \mathbf { b } , \mathbf { c } \}\) is a basis for \(\mathbb { R } ^ { 3 }\). Express \(\mathbf { d }\) in terms of \(\mathbf { a } , \mathbf { b }\) and \(\mathbf { c }\). 2 Show that the difference between the squares of consecutive integers is an odd integer. Find the sum to \(n\) terms of the series $$\frac { 3 } { 1 ^ { 2 } \times 2 ^ { 2 } } + \frac { 5 } { 2 ^ { 2 } \times 3 ^ { 2 } } + \frac { 7 } { 3 ^ { 2 } \times 4 ^ { 2 } } + \ldots + \frac { 2 r + 1 } { r ^ { 2 } ( r + 1 ) ^ { 2 } } + \ldots$$ and deduce the sum to infinity of the series. 3 It is given that \(\phi ( n ) = 5 ^ { n } ( 4 n + 1 ) - 1\), for \(n = 1,2,3 , \ldots\). Prove, by mathematical induction, that \(\phi ( n )\) is divisible by 8 , for every positive integer \(n\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q4
7 marks Standard +0.8
4 The curve \(C\) has cartesian equation \(\left( x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 2 } \right) ^ { 2 } = 2 a ^ { 2 } x y\), where \(a\) is a positive constant. Show that the polar equation of \(C\) is \(r ^ { 2 } = a ^ { 2 } \sin 2 \theta\). Sketch \(C\) for \(- \pi < \theta \leqslant \pi\). Find the area enclosed by one loop of \(C\).
CAIE FP1 2014 June Q5
8 marks Challenging +1.2
5 State the sum of the series \(z + z ^ { 2 } + z ^ { 3 } + \ldots + z ^ { n }\), for \(z \neq 1\). By letting \(z = \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta\), show that $$\cos \theta + \cos 2 \theta + \cos 3 \theta + \ldots + \cos n \theta = \frac { \sin \frac { 1 } { 2 } n \theta } { \sin \frac { 1 } { 2 } \theta } \cos \frac { 1 } { 2 } ( n + 1 ) \theta$$ where \(\sin \frac { 1 } { 2 } \theta \neq 0\).