Pre-U
Pre-U 9795
Specimen
Q7
8 marks
Challenging +1.2
The equation
$$8x^3 + 12x^2 + 4x - 1 = 0$$
has roots \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\). Show that the equation with roots \(2\alpha + 1, 2\beta + 1, 2\gamma + 1\) is
$$y^3 - y - 1 = 0.$$ [3]
The sum \((2\alpha + 1)^n + (2\beta + 1)^n + (2\gamma + 1)^n\) is denoted by \(S_n\). Find the values of \(S_3\) and \(S_{-2}\). [5]
Pre-U
Pre-U 9795
Specimen
Q9
9 marks
Challenging +1.3
Given that \(w_n = 3^{-n} \cos 2n\theta\) for \(n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\), use de Moivre's theorem to show that
$$1 + w_1 + w_2 + w_3 + \ldots + w_{N-1} = \frac{9 - 3\cos 2\theta + 3^{-N+1} \cos 2(N-1)\theta - 3^{-N+2} \cos 2N\theta}{10 - 6\cos 2\theta}.$$ [7]
Hence show that the infinite series
$$1 + w_1 + w_2 + w_3 + \ldots$$
is convergent for all values of \(\theta\), and find the sum to infinity. [2]
Pre-U
Pre-U 9795
Specimen
Q11
10 marks
Challenging +1.8
A group \(G\) has distinct elements \(e, a, b, c, \ldots\), where \(e\) is the identity element and \(\circ\) is the binary operation. Prove that if
$$a \circ a = b, \quad b \circ b = a$$
then the set of elements \(\{e, a, b\}\) forms a subgroup of \(G\). [5]
Prove that if
$$a \circ a = b, \quad b \circ b = c, \quad c \circ c = a$$
then the set of elements \(\{e, a, b, c\}\) does not form a subgroup of \(G\). [5]
Pre-U
Pre-U 9795
Specimen
Q14
13 marks
Challenging +1.8
Let \(J_n = \int_1^{\mathrm{e}} (\ln x)^n \, \mathrm{d}x\), where \(n\) is a positive integer. By considering \(\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(x(\ln x)^n)\), or otherwise, show that
$$J_n = \mathrm{e} - nJ_{n-1}.$$ [4]
Let \(J_n = \frac{J_n}{n!}\). Show that
$$\frac{1}{2!} - \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} - \ldots + \frac{1}{10!} = \frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}(1 + J_{10}).$$ [6]
It can be shown that
$$\sum_{r=2}^{n} \frac{(-1)^r}{r!} = \frac{1}{\mathrm{e}}(1 + (-1)^n J_n)$$
for all positive integers \(n\). Deduce the sum to infinity of the series
$$\frac{1}{2!} - \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} - \ldots,$$
justifying your conclusion carefully. [3]