| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | P1 (Pure Mathematics 1) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Session | January |
| Marks | 8 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Curve Sketching |
| Type | Sketch with inequalities or regions |
| Difficulty | Moderate -0.3 This is a straightforward P1 question requiring standard techniques: finding a line equation from two points, determining a quadratic from vertex form given a minimum point and another point, and writing simple inequalities. All parts are routine applications of basic methods with no problem-solving insight required, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 1.02e Complete the square: quadratic polynomials and turning points1.02i Represent inequalities: graphically on coordinate plane1.03a Straight lines: equation forms y=mx+c, ax+by+c=0 |
| VIXV SIHIANI III IM IONOO | VIAV SIHI NI JYHAM ION OO | VI4V SIHI NI JLIYM ION OO |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Gradient \(PQ = -3\) | B1 | If simultaneous equations used, scored for \(m = -3\) |
| Attempts equation of \(l\), e.g. \(y - 13 = -3(x+2)\) | M1 | Using their gradient and one point; sight of embedded values sufficient; perpendicular gradient gives M0 |
| \(y = -3x + 7\) | A1 | Condone \(m = -3,\ c = 7\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Attempts to use minimum \((4, -5)\), e.g. \(y = \ldots(x-4)^2 - 5\) | M1 | Way One: \(y = A(x-4)^2 - 5\) (condone \(A=1\)); Way Two: \(y = ax^2+bx+c\) with valid method |
| Attempts to use \((-2, 13)\) with \(y = a(x-4)^2 - 5 \Rightarrow a = \ldots\) | dM1 | Do not award for only substituting minimum into linear equation |
| \(y = \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\) or \(y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 4x + 3\) | A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Two of: \(y > -3x+7\), \(\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\), \(\ x < -2\) | M1 | |
| All three: \(y > -3x+7\), \(\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\), \(\ x < -2\) | A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Way One | dM1 | Attempts to use \((-2,13)\) with \(y=a(x-4)^2-5 \Rightarrow a=...\) |
| Way Two | dM1 | Attempts to use \((-2,13)\) and \((4,-5)\) in \(y=ax^2+bx+c\) using two equations: \(4a-2b+c=13\) and \(16a+4b+c=-5\), with \(2a\times4+b=0\) to find \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\) |
| \(y=\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\) or equivalent e.g. \(y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-4x+3\) or \(2y=x^2-8x+6\) | A1 | Cannot be \(C=...\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| M1 criteria: Two of \(y>-3x+7\), \(y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\), \(x<-2\) | M1 | Ignore any others; line from (a) must have negative gradient, curve from (b) must be positive quadratic. Allow \(x |
| All three of \(y>-3x+7\), \(y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\), \(x<-2\) (and no others) | A1 | Allow all three with \(x |
# Question 4:
## Part (a)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Gradient $PQ = -3$ | B1 | If simultaneous equations used, scored for $m = -3$ |
| Attempts equation of $l$, e.g. $y - 13 = -3(x+2)$ | M1 | Using their gradient and one point; sight of embedded values sufficient; perpendicular gradient gives M0 |
| $y = -3x + 7$ | A1 | Condone $m = -3,\ c = 7$ |
## Part (b)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempts to use minimum $(4, -5)$, e.g. $y = \ldots(x-4)^2 - 5$ | M1 | Way One: $y = A(x-4)^2 - 5$ (condone $A=1$); Way Two: $y = ax^2+bx+c$ with valid method |
| Attempts to use $(-2, 13)$ with $y = a(x-4)^2 - 5 \Rightarrow a = \ldots$ | dM1 | Do not award for only substituting minimum into linear equation |
| $y = \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$ or $y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 4x + 3$ | A1 | |
## Part (c)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Two of: $y > -3x+7$, $\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$, $\ x < -2$ | M1 | |
| All three: $y > -3x+7$, $\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$, $\ x < -2$ | A1 | |
# Question dM1 (Part b - Quadratic):
**Way One** | dM1 | Attempts to use $(-2,13)$ with $y=a(x-4)^2-5 \Rightarrow a=...$
**Way Two** | dM1 | Attempts to use $(-2,13)$ and $(4,-5)$ in $y=ax^2+bx+c$ using two equations: $4a-2b+c=13$ and $16a+4b+c=-5$, with $2a\times4+b=0$ to find $a$, $b$ and $c$
$y=\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ or equivalent e.g. $y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-4x+3$ or $2y=x^2-8x+6$ | A1 | Cannot be $C=...$
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# Question (c):
**M1 criteria:** Two of $y>-3x+7$, $y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$, $x<-2$ | M1 | Ignore any others; line from (a) must have negative gradient, curve from (b) must be positive quadratic. Allow $x<k$ where $k$ is any value between $-2$ and $4$. Note: $-3x+7 < y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ also scores M1. But $-3x+7 < x < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ with one other inequality is M0.
All three of $y>-3x+7$, $y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$, $x<-2$ (and no others) | A1 | Allow all three with $x<k$ where $k$ between $-2$ and $4$. If set notation used, must use $\cap$ not $\cup$. Allow consistent use of $>\leftrightarrow\geq$ for all inequalities including $x<-2$.
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4.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-10_583_866_260_539}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
The points $P$ and $Q$, as shown in Figure 2, have coordinates ( $- 2,13$ ) and ( $4 , - 5$ ) respectively.
The straight line $l$ passes through $P$ and $Q$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Find an equation for $l$, writing your answer in the form $y = m x + c$, where $m$ and $c$ are integers to be found.
The quadratic curve $C$ passes through $P$ and has a minimum point at $Q$.
\item Find an equation for $C$.
The region $R$, shown shaded in Figure 2, lies in the second quadrant and is bounded by $C$ and $l$ only.
\item Use inequalities to define region $R$.
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-11_2255_50_314_34}\\
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
VIXV SIHIANI III IM IONOO & VIAV SIHI NI JYHAM ION OO & VI4V SIHI NI JLIYM ION OO \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P1 2021 Q4 [8]}}