Edexcel P1 2021 January — Question 4 8 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleP1 (Pure Mathematics 1)
Year2021
SessionJanuary
Marks8
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicCurve Sketching
TypeSketch with inequalities or regions
DifficultyModerate -0.3 This is a straightforward P1 question requiring standard techniques: finding a line equation from two points, determining a quadratic from vertex form given a minimum point and another point, and writing simple inequalities. All parts are routine applications of basic methods with no problem-solving insight required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec1.02e Complete the square: quadratic polynomials and turning points1.02i Represent inequalities: graphically on coordinate plane1.03a Straight lines: equation forms y=mx+c, ax+by+c=0

4. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-10_583_866_260_539} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
\end{figure} The points \(P\) and \(Q\), as shown in Figure 2, have coordinates ( \(- 2,13\) ) and ( \(4 , - 5\) ) respectively. The straight line \(l\) passes through \(P\) and \(Q\).
  1. Find an equation for \(l\), writing your answer in the form \(y = m x + c\), where \(m\) and \(c\) are integers to be found. The quadratic curve \(C\) passes through \(P\) and has a minimum point at \(Q\).
  2. Find an equation for \(C\). The region \(R\), shown shaded in Figure 2, lies in the second quadrant and is bounded by \(C\) and \(l\) only.
  3. Use inequalities to define region \(R\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-11_2255_50_314_34}
    VIXV SIHIANI III IM IONOOVIAV SIHI NI JYHAM ION OOVI4V SIHI NI JLIYM ION OO

Question 4:
Part (a)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Gradient \(PQ = -3\)B1 If simultaneous equations used, scored for \(m = -3\)
Attempts equation of \(l\), e.g. \(y - 13 = -3(x+2)\)M1 Using their gradient and one point; sight of embedded values sufficient; perpendicular gradient gives M0
\(y = -3x + 7\)A1 Condone \(m = -3,\ c = 7\)
Part (b)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Attempts to use minimum \((4, -5)\), e.g. \(y = \ldots(x-4)^2 - 5\)M1 Way One: \(y = A(x-4)^2 - 5\) (condone \(A=1\)); Way Two: \(y = ax^2+bx+c\) with valid method
Attempts to use \((-2, 13)\) with \(y = a(x-4)^2 - 5 \Rightarrow a = \ldots\)dM1 Do not award for only substituting minimum into linear equation
\(y = \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\) or \(y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 4x + 3\)A1
Part (c)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Two of: \(y > -3x+7\), \(\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\), \(\ x < -2\)M1
All three: \(y > -3x+7\), \(\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5\), \(\ x < -2\)A1
Question dM1 (Part b - Quadratic):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Way OnedM1 Attempts to use \((-2,13)\) with \(y=a(x-4)^2-5 \Rightarrow a=...\)
Way TwodM1 Attempts to use \((-2,13)\) and \((4,-5)\) in \(y=ax^2+bx+c\) using two equations: \(4a-2b+c=13\) and \(16a+4b+c=-5\), with \(2a\times4+b=0\) to find \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\)
\(y=\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\) or equivalent e.g. \(y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-4x+3\) or \(2y=x^2-8x+6\)A1 Cannot be \(C=...\)
Question (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
M1 criteria: Two of \(y>-3x+7\), \(y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\), \(x<-2\)M1 Ignore any others; line from (a) must have negative gradient, curve from (b) must be positive quadratic. Allow \(x
All three of \(y>-3x+7\), \(y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5\), \(x<-2\) (and no others)A1 Allow all three with \(x\leftrightarrow\geq\) for all inequalities including \(x<-2\).
# Question 4:

## Part (a)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Gradient $PQ = -3$ | B1 | If simultaneous equations used, scored for $m = -3$ |
| Attempts equation of $l$, e.g. $y - 13 = -3(x+2)$ | M1 | Using their gradient and one point; sight of embedded values sufficient; perpendicular gradient gives M0 |
| $y = -3x + 7$ | A1 | Condone $m = -3,\ c = 7$ |

## Part (b)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempts to use minimum $(4, -5)$, e.g. $y = \ldots(x-4)^2 - 5$ | M1 | Way One: $y = A(x-4)^2 - 5$ (condone $A=1$); Way Two: $y = ax^2+bx+c$ with valid method |
| Attempts to use $(-2, 13)$ with $y = a(x-4)^2 - 5 \Rightarrow a = \ldots$ | dM1 | Do not award for only substituting minimum into linear equation |
| $y = \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$ or $y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 4x + 3$ | A1 | |

## Part (c)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Two of: $y > -3x+7$, $\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$, $\ x < -2$ | M1 | |
| All three: $y > -3x+7$, $\ y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2 - 5$, $\ x < -2$ | A1 | |

# Question dM1 (Part b - Quadratic):

**Way One** | dM1 | Attempts to use $(-2,13)$ with $y=a(x-4)^2-5 \Rightarrow a=...$

**Way Two** | dM1 | Attempts to use $(-2,13)$ and $(4,-5)$ in $y=ax^2+bx+c$ using two equations: $4a-2b+c=13$ and $16a+4b+c=-5$, with $2a\times4+b=0$ to find $a$, $b$ and $c$

$y=\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ or equivalent e.g. $y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-4x+3$ or $2y=x^2-8x+6$ | A1 | Cannot be $C=...$

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# Question (c):

**M1 criteria:** Two of $y>-3x+7$, $y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$, $x<-2$ | M1 | Ignore any others; line from (a) must have negative gradient, curve from (b) must be positive quadratic. Allow $x<k$ where $k$ is any value between $-2$ and $4$. Note: $-3x+7 < y < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ also scores M1. But $-3x+7 < x < \frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$ with one other inequality is M0.

All three of $y>-3x+7$, $y<\frac{1}{2}(x-4)^2-5$, $x<-2$ (and no others) | A1 | Allow all three with $x<k$ where $k$ between $-2$ and $4$. If set notation used, must use $\cap$ not $\cup$. Allow consistent use of $>\leftrightarrow\geq$ for all inequalities including $x<-2$.

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4.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-10_583_866_260_539}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The points $P$ and $Q$, as shown in Figure 2, have coordinates ( $- 2,13$ ) and ( $4 , - 5$ ) respectively.

The straight line $l$ passes through $P$ and $Q$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Find an equation for $l$, writing your answer in the form $y = m x + c$, where $m$ and $c$ are integers to be found.

The quadratic curve $C$ passes through $P$ and has a minimum point at $Q$.
\item Find an equation for $C$.

The region $R$, shown shaded in Figure 2, lies in the second quadrant and is bounded by $C$ and $l$ only.
\item Use inequalities to define region $R$.

\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-11_2255_50_314_34}\\

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
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VIXV SIHIANI III IM IONOO & VIAV SIHI NI JYHAM ION OO & VI4V SIHI NI JLIYM ION OO \\
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\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P1 2021 Q4 [8]}}