| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | P1 (Pure Mathematics 1) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Session | January |
| Marks | 11 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Standard Integrals and Reverse Chain Rule |
| Type | Find curve equation from derivative (find unknown constant in derivative first) |
| Difficulty | Moderate -0.3 Part (i) requires expanding a bracket and integrating term-by-term using standard power rules—routine but with some algebraic manipulation. Part (ii) involves integrating a quadratic, then using three conditions to find constants—a standard multi-step problem requiring careful organization but no novel insight. Slightly easier than average due to straightforward techniques. |
| Spec | 1.07t Construct differential equations: in context1.08a Fundamental theorem of calculus: integration as reverse of differentiation1.08b Integrate x^n: where n != -1 and sums1.08h Integration by substitution |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\frac{(3x+2)^2}{4\sqrt{x}} = \frac{9x^2+12x+4}{4\sqrt{x}} = \frac{9}{4}x^{\frac{3}{2}}+3x^{\frac{1}{2}}+x^{-\frac{1}{2}}\) | M1 | Attempts to multiply out numerator and divide (any term) by \(4\sqrt{x}\). Award for one correct index from correct working. Do not award for \(\frac{\cdots}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}\) unless implied by further work. |
| \(\int \frac{(3x+2)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\,dx = \frac{2}{5}\times\frac{9}{4}x^{\frac{5}{2}}+\frac{2}{3}\times3x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2x^{\frac{1}{2}}(+c)\) | dM1 | Raises the power of any correct index by one: \(x^{\frac{3}{2}}\to x^{\frac{5}{2}}\), \(x^{\frac{1}{2}}\to x^{\frac{3}{2}}\), \(x^{-\frac{1}{2}}\to x^{\frac{1}{2}}\). Indices must be processed. |
| \(= \frac{9}{10}x^{\frac{5}{2}}+2x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2x^{\frac{1}{2}}+c\) | A1 | One correct simplified term. Allow \(0.9\) instead of \(\frac{9}{10}\) |
| A1 | Two correct simplified terms. Allow \(0.9\) instead of \(\frac{9}{10}\) | |
| A1 | All three terms correct with \(+c\) on one line. Allow \(0.9\) instead of \(\frac{9}{10}\). Accept e.g. \(\frac{9}{10}(\sqrt{x})^5+2(\sqrt{x})^3+2\sqrt{x}+c\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(f'(x)=x^2+ax+b\) | — | Given |
| \(f'(3)=2 \Rightarrow 2=9+3a+b\) | M1 | Attempts to use \(f'(3)=2\). Expression need not be simplified. Condone slips when squaring but do not allow \(f'(3)=-2\) |
| \(f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3+\frac{1}{2}ax^2+bx+c\) | M1 | Attempts to integrate and achieves \(f(x)=\ldots x^3+\ldots ax^2+bx+(c)\) with or without \(+c\), where \(a,b\neq 0\) |
| Uses \(y\)-intercept \(=-8\) and \((3,-2)\) in \(f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3+\frac{1}{2}ax^2+bx+c\) | dM1 | Dependent on previous M mark. Alternatively uses \((3,-2)\) in \(f(x)=\ldots x^3+\ldots ax^2+bx-8\) |
| \(-2=9+\frac{9}{2}a+3b-8\) | A1 | Correct unsimplified equation in \(a\) and \(b\). Note: simplified form is \(9a+6b=-6\). Alternatively correct equation in \(a\) only: \(-2=9+\frac{9}{2}a+3(-7-3a)-8\), e.g. \(4.5a=-18\) |
| Solves simultaneously to get values for \(a\) and \(b\) | ddM1 | Dependent on all previous M marks. Solve two equations with \(c=-8\) to find \(a\) and \(b\), or solve equation in \(a\) then substitute into \(b=-7-3a\) |
| \(a=-4,\ b=5 \Rightarrow f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3-2x^2+5x-8\) | A1 | \(\frac{1}{3}x^3-2x^2+5x-8\) as final answer. Do not allow e.g. multiplied through to give \(x^3-6x^2+15x-24\). Do not allow \(5x^1\). |
# Question 9:
## Part (i)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\frac{(3x+2)^2}{4\sqrt{x}} = \frac{9x^2+12x+4}{4\sqrt{x}} = \frac{9}{4}x^{\frac{3}{2}}+3x^{\frac{1}{2}}+x^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ | M1 | Attempts to multiply out numerator and divide (any term) by $4\sqrt{x}$. Award for one correct index from correct working. Do not award for $\frac{\cdots}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ unless implied by further work. |
| $\int \frac{(3x+2)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\,dx = \frac{2}{5}\times\frac{9}{4}x^{\frac{5}{2}}+\frac{2}{3}\times3x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2x^{\frac{1}{2}}(+c)$ | dM1 | Raises the power of any correct index by one: $x^{\frac{3}{2}}\to x^{\frac{5}{2}}$, $x^{\frac{1}{2}}\to x^{\frac{3}{2}}$, $x^{-\frac{1}{2}}\to x^{\frac{1}{2}}$. Indices must be processed. |
| $= \frac{9}{10}x^{\frac{5}{2}}+2x^{\frac{3}{2}}+2x^{\frac{1}{2}}+c$ | A1 | One correct simplified term. Allow $0.9$ instead of $\frac{9}{10}$ |
| | A1 | Two correct simplified terms. Allow $0.9$ instead of $\frac{9}{10}$ |
| | A1 | All three terms correct with $+c$ on one line. Allow $0.9$ instead of $\frac{9}{10}$. Accept e.g. $\frac{9}{10}(\sqrt{x})^5+2(\sqrt{x})^3+2\sqrt{x}+c$ |
**(5 marks)**
---
## Part (ii)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $f'(x)=x^2+ax+b$ | — | Given |
| $f'(3)=2 \Rightarrow 2=9+3a+b$ | M1 | Attempts to use $f'(3)=2$. Expression need not be simplified. Condone slips when squaring but do not allow $f'(3)=-2$ |
| $f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3+\frac{1}{2}ax^2+bx+c$ | M1 | Attempts to integrate and achieves $f(x)=\ldots x^3+\ldots ax^2+bx+(c)$ with or without $+c$, where $a,b\neq 0$ |
| Uses $y$-intercept $=-8$ and $(3,-2)$ in $f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3+\frac{1}{2}ax^2+bx+c$ | dM1 | Dependent on previous M mark. Alternatively uses $(3,-2)$ in $f(x)=\ldots x^3+\ldots ax^2+bx-8$ |
| $-2=9+\frac{9}{2}a+3b-8$ | A1 | Correct unsimplified equation in $a$ and $b$. Note: simplified form is $9a+6b=-6$. Alternatively correct equation in $a$ only: $-2=9+\frac{9}{2}a+3(-7-3a)-8$, e.g. $4.5a=-18$ |
| Solves simultaneously to get values for $a$ and $b$ | ddM1 | Dependent on all previous M marks. Solve two equations with $c=-8$ to find $a$ and $b$, or solve equation in $a$ then substitute into $b=-7-3a$ |
| $a=-4,\ b=5 \Rightarrow f(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3-2x^2+5x-8$ | A1 | $\frac{1}{3}x^3-2x^2+5x-8$ as final answer. Do not allow e.g. multiplied through to give $x^3-6x^2+15x-24$. Do not allow $5x^1$. |
**(6 marks)**
**(11 marks total)**
9. (i) Find
$$\int \frac { ( 3 x + 2 ) ^ { 2 } } { 4 \sqrt { x } } \mathrm {~d} x \quad x > 0$$
giving your answer in simplest form.\\
(ii) A curve $C$ has equation $y = \mathrm { f } ( x )$.
Given
\begin{itemize}
\item $\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = x ^ { 2 } + a x + b$ where $a$ and $b$ are constants
\item the $y$ intercept of $C$ is - 8
\item the point $P ( 3 , - 2 )$ lies on $C$
\item the gradient of $C$ at $P$ is 2\\
find, in simplest form, $\mathrm { f } ( x )$.\\
\end{itemize}
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-31_2255_50_314_34}\\
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P1 2021 Q9 [11]}}