CAIE P3 2010 November — Question 2 4 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleP3 (Pure Mathematics 3)
Year2010
SessionNovember
Marks4
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicFixed Point Iteration
TypeSolve exponential equation via iteration
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward numerical methods question requiring students to rearrange a logarithmic equation into f(x)=0 form, identify a sign change interval, and apply an iterative method (likely interval bisection or Newton-Raphson). While it involves logarithms, the solution process is standard and mechanical with no conceptual challenges beyond basic A-level technique, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec1.06d Natural logarithm: ln(x) function and properties1.06g Equations with exponentials: solve a^x = b

2 Solve the equation $$\ln \left( 1 + x ^ { 2 } \right) = 1 + 2 \ln x$$ giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

AnswerMarks
Use law for the logarithm of a power, a quotient, or a product correctly at least onceM1
Use \(\ln e = 1\) or \(e = \exp(1)\)M1
Obtain a correct equation free of logarithms, e.g. \(1 + x^2 = e^{x^2}\)A1
Solve and obtain answer \(x = 0.763\) onlyA1
[4 marks total]
[For the solution \(x = 0.763\) with no relevant working give B1, and a further B1 if 0.763 is shown to be the only root.]
[Treat the use of logarithms to base 10 with answer 0.333 only, as a misread.]
[SR: Allow iteration, giving B1 for an appropriate formula, e.g. \(x_{n+1} = \exp(\ln(1 + x_n^2) - 1)/2)\), M1 for using it correctly once, A1 for 0.763, and A1 for showing the equation has no other root but 0.763.]
Use law for the logarithm of a power, a quotient, or a product correctly at least once | M1 |
Use $\ln e = 1$ or $e = \exp(1)$ | M1 |
Obtain a correct equation free of logarithms, e.g. $1 + x^2 = e^{x^2}$ | A1 |
Solve and obtain answer $x = 0.763$ only | A1 |
[4 marks total]

[For the solution $x = 0.763$ with no relevant working give B1, and a further B1 if 0.763 is shown to be the only root.]
[Treat the use of logarithms to base 10 with answer 0.333 only, as a misread.]
[SR: Allow iteration, giving B1 for an appropriate formula, e.g. $x_{n+1} = \exp(\ln(1 + x_n^2) - 1)/2)$, M1 for using it correctly once, A1 for 0.763, and A1 for showing the equation has no other root but 0.763.]
2 Solve the equation

$$\ln \left( 1 + x ^ { 2 } \right) = 1 + 2 \ln x$$

giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P3 2010 Q2 [4]}}