CAIE FP1 2008 November — Question 4 6 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleFP1 (Further Pure Mathematics 1)
Year2008
SessionNovember
Marks6
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicInvariant lines and eigenvalues and vectors
TypeProve eigenvalue/eigenvector properties
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward proof requiring direct application of eigenvalue definitions. The first part involves a simple algebraic manipulation (A²e = A(Ae) = A(λe) = λ²e), and the second part is routine substitution into a polynomial expression. Both parts require only basic understanding of eigenvalue properties with no novel insight or complex multi-step reasoning.
Spec4.03a Matrix language: terminology and notation

4 The matrix \(\mathbf { A }\) has \(\lambda\) as an eigenvalue with \(\mathbf { e }\) as a corresponding eigenvector. Show that \(\mathbf { e }\) is an eigenvector of \(\mathbf { A } ^ { 2 }\) and state the corresponding eigenvalue. Given that one eigenvalue of \(\mathbf { A }\) is 3 , find an eigenvalue of the matrix \(\mathbf { A } ^ { 4 } + 3 \mathbf { A } ^ { 2 } + 2 \mathbf { I }\), justifying your answer.

AnswerMarks
\(\mathbf{Ae} = \lambda\mathbf{e}\)B1
\(\mathbf{A}^2\mathbf{e} = \mathbf{A}(\lambda\mathbf{e}) = \lambda(\mathbf{Ae}) = \lambda^2\mathbf{e} \Rightarrow\) eigenvalue is \(\lambda^2\)M1A1
\(\mathbf{Ae} = 3\mathbf{e}\) for some \(\mathbf{e}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\mathbf{A}^4 + 3\mathbf{A}^2 + 2\mathbf{I})\mathbf{e} = 81\mathbf{e} + 27\mathbf{e} + 2\mathbf{e} = 110\mathbf{e}\)M1M1
\(\Rightarrow\) an eigenvalue is \(110\)A1
OR
3 is an eigenvalue of \(\mathbf{A}\)
\(\therefore 3^2 = 9\) is an eigenvalue of \(\mathbf{A}^2\) and \(3^4 = 81\) is an eigenvalue of \(\mathbf{A}^4\)(either of these) M1
eigenvalue of \(\mathbf{A}^4 + 3\mathbf{A}^2 + 2\mathbf{I} = 81 + 3 \times 9 + 2\) (Adding \(\geq2\) terms)M1
\(= 110\)A1
$\mathbf{Ae} = \lambda\mathbf{e}$ | B1 |

$\mathbf{A}^2\mathbf{e} = \mathbf{A}(\lambda\mathbf{e}) = \lambda(\mathbf{Ae}) = \lambda^2\mathbf{e} \Rightarrow$ eigenvalue is $\lambda^2$ | M1A1 |

$\mathbf{Ae} = 3\mathbf{e}$ for some $\mathbf{e}$ | |

$\Rightarrow (\mathbf{A}^4 + 3\mathbf{A}^2 + 2\mathbf{I})\mathbf{e} = 81\mathbf{e} + 27\mathbf{e} + 2\mathbf{e} = 110\mathbf{e}$ | M1M1 |

$\Rightarrow$ an eigenvalue is $110$ | A1 |

OR |

3 is an eigenvalue of $\mathbf{A}$ | |

$\therefore 3^2 = 9$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathbf{A}^2$ and $3^4 = 81$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathbf{A}^4$ | (either of these) M1 |

eigenvalue of $\mathbf{A}^4 + 3\mathbf{A}^2 + 2\mathbf{I} = 81 + 3 \times 9 + 2$ (Adding $\geq2$ terms) | M1 |

$= 110$ | A1 |
4 The matrix $\mathbf { A }$ has $\lambda$ as an eigenvalue with $\mathbf { e }$ as a corresponding eigenvector. Show that $\mathbf { e }$ is an eigenvector of $\mathbf { A } ^ { 2 }$ and state the corresponding eigenvalue.

Given that one eigenvalue of $\mathbf { A }$ is 3 , find an eigenvalue of the matrix $\mathbf { A } ^ { 4 } + 3 \mathbf { A } ^ { 2 } + 2 \mathbf { I }$, justifying your answer.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE FP1 2008 Q4 [6]}}