CAIE FP1 2014 June — Question 2 6 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleFP1 (Further Pure Mathematics 1)
Year2014
SessionJune
Marks6
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
Topic3x3 Matrices
TypeLinear independence and spanning
DifficultyStandard +0.8 This is a Further Maths question on linear independence and spanning in R³, requiring understanding of linear combinations, possibly rank/determinant calculations, and systematic algebraic manipulation. While the vectors are simple, the conceptual demand of proving independence or expressing vectors as linear combinations places it above average difficulty for A-level.
Spec4.04a Line equations: 2D and 3D, cartesian and vector forms

, \quad \mathbf { b } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 1
1
1 \end{array} \right) , \quad \mathbf { c } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 0
1
- 1 \end{array} \right) \quad \text { and } \quad \mathbf { d } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 2
- 1
1 \end{array} \right)

Question 2:
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
\((n+1)^2-n^2=n^2+2n+1-n^2=2n+1\Rightarrow\) oddB1 [1]
\(\frac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{7}{3^2.4^2}+\cdots+\frac{2n+1}{n^2(n+1)^2}=\frac{2^2-1^2}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{3^2-2^2}{2^2.3^2}+\cdots+\frac{(n+1)^2-n^2}{n^2(n+1)^2}\)M1A1
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)M1
\(=1-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)A1
Sum to infinity \(=1\)A1\(\checkmark\) [5]
## Question 2:

| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $(n+1)^2-n^2=n^2+2n+1-n^2=2n+1\Rightarrow$ odd | B1 | [1] |
| $\frac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{7}{3^2.4^2}+\cdots+\frac{2n+1}{n^2(n+1)^2}=\frac{2^2-1^2}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{3^2-2^2}{2^2.3^2}+\cdots+\frac{(n+1)^2-n^2}{n^2(n+1)^2}$ | M1A1 | |
| $=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$ | M1 | |
| $=1-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}$ | A1 | |
| Sum to infinity $=1$ | A1$\checkmark$ | [5] |

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, \quad \mathbf { b } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 
1 \\
1 \\
1
\end{array} \right) , \quad \mathbf { c } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 
0 \\
1 \\
- 1
\end{array} \right) \quad \text { and } \quad \mathbf { d } = \left( \begin{array} { r } 
2 \\
- 1 \\
1
\end{array} \right)

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE FP1 2014 Q2 [6]}}