Edexcel D2 2018 June — Question 6 15 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleD2 (Decision Mathematics 2)
Year2018
SessionJune
Marks15
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicDynamic Programming
TypeDynamic programming resource allocation
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard D2 dynamic programming question requiring systematic application of the minimax algorithm through a network. While it involves multiple stages and careful bookkeeping, it follows a well-practiced procedure with no novel problem-solving required, making it easier than average for A-level.
Spec7.06a LP formulation: variables, constraints, objective function

6. Jonathan is an author who is planning his next book tour. He will visit four countries over a period of four weeks. He will visit just one country each week. He will leave from his home, S , and will only return there after visiting the four countries. He will travel directly from one country to the next. He wishes to determine a schedule of four countries to visit. Table 1 shows the countries he could visit each week. \begin{table}[h]
1234
A
B
C
D
1234
A
B
C
D
1234
A
B
C
D
2.
B plays 1B plays 2B plays 3B plays 4
A plays 1- 325- 1
A plays 2- 531- 1
A plays 3- 2542
A plays 42- 3- 14
- 325
- 254
2- 3- 1
3.
12345
A2531272935
B2933403537
C2829353637
D343536\(x\)41
E3635323133
  1. You may not need to use all of these tables
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    12345
    A
    B
    C
    D
    E
    4. \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{4abb2325-b9df-4849-b08c-7db465fe85e0-18_1056_1572_1450_185} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Diagram 1}
    \end{figure} Maximum flow along SBET: \(\_\_\_\_\) \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{4abb2325-b9df-4849-b08c-7db465fe85e0-19_1043_1572_1505_187} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Diagram 2}
    \end{figure} 5.
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)Value
    \(r\)- 2- 6110040
    \(s\)23201080
    \(t\)12200150
    \(P\)- 4- 2\(- k\)0000
    You may not need to use all of these tableaux
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)ValueRow Ops
    \(P\)
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)ValueRow Ops
    \(P\)
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)ValueRow Ops
    \(P\)
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)ValueRow Ops
    \(P\)
    b.v.\(x\)\(y\)\(z\)\(r\)\(s\)\(t\)ValueRow Ops
    \(P\)
    6.
    StageStateActionDestinationValue
    0IISS\(30 - 5 = 25 ^ { * }\)
    StageStateActionDestinationValue
    END

Question 6: Dynamic Programming
Stage 4 (Week 4): Countries I or J, returning to S
AnswerMarks Guidance
CountryEarnings Travel cost to S
I30 5
J29 3
Best from I = 25, Best from J = 26
Stage 3 (Week 3): Countries F, G or H → to I or J
For each country in week 3, calculate: earnings − travel cost + best onward value
From F:
- F→I: 35 − 5 + 25 = 55
- F→J: 35 − 7 + 26 = 54
AnswerMarks
- Best = 55 (via I)B1
From G:
- G→I: 36 − 5 + 25 = 56
- G→J: 36 − 7 + 26 = 55
AnswerMarks
- Best = 56 (via I)B1
From H:
- H→I: 38 − 6 + 25 = 57
- H→J: 38 − 7 + 26 = 57
AnswerMarks
- Best = 57 (via I or J)B1
Stage 2 (Week 2): Countries D or E → to F, G or H
From D:
- D→F: 24 − 7 + 55 = 72
- D→G: 24 − 6 + 56 = 74
- D→H: 24 − 8 + 57 = 73
AnswerMarks
- Best = 74 (via G)M1 A1
From E:
- E→F: 22 − 6 + 55 = 71
- E→G: 22 − 6 + 56 = 72
- E→H: 22 − 4 + 57 = 75
AnswerMarks
- Best = 75 (via H)A1
Stage 1 (Week 1): S → A, B or C → to D or E
From A:
- S→A→D: 27 − 3 − 6 + 74 = 92
- S→A→E: 27 − 3 − 4 + 75 = 95
AnswerMarks
- Best via A = 95 (A→E)M1 A1
From B:
- S→B→D: 29 − 4 − 5 + 74 = 94
- S→B→E: 29 − 4 − 3 + 75 = 97
AnswerMarks
- Best via B = 97 (B→E)A1
From C:
- S→C→D: 32 − 6 − 6 + 74 = 94
- S→C→E: 32 − 6 − 5 + 75 = 96
AnswerMarks
- Best via C = 96 (C→E)A1
Optimal Solution
AnswerMarks Guidance
Maximum expected income = £9700A1
Optimal schedule: S → B → E → H → I → S or S → B → E → H → J → SA1 Both routes required for full marks
I can see these are exam question pages, but the mark scheme itself is not shown in these images. What's shown are the question papers (the student answer booklet pages), not the mark scheme.
The images contain:
- Question 2: A game theory payoff matrix with players A and B each having 4 strategies
- Question 3: An assignment problem matrix with workers A–E and tasks 1–5, with an unknown value \(x\) in position (D,4)
To provide the mark scheme content you're asking for, I would need the actual mark scheme document to be shared. The blank lined pages shown are simply where students write their answers.
If you can share the mark scheme pages, I would be happy to extract and format the content as requested.
I can see these are exam answer booklet pages (response sheets for students), not mark scheme pages. The images show blank answer grids, network flow diagrams, and simplex tableau templates where students write their answers.
I cannot extract a mark scheme from these pages because no mark scheme content is present in these images. What is shown includes:
- Question 3 continued: Blank 5×5 grids (rows A–E, columns 1–5) for student responses
- Question 4: A network flow diagram (Diagram 1) with nodes S, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, T and capacities/flows labeled, plus a blank copy (Diagram 2) for students to complete
- Question 5: A simplex tableau with initial values and blank tableaux for subsequent iterations
To obtain the actual mark scheme for this paper (which appears to be a Pearson/Edexcel Decision Mathematics paper, paper reference P51572A), you would need to access it directly from Pearson's website or PMT (Physics & Maths Tutor), where official mark schemes are published after each exam series.
I can see these are answer/working pages from what appears to be a mathematics or decision mathematics exam paper (reference P51572A), but the pages shown are blank answer pages — they contain only the table structure and ruled lines for students to write their answers.
The only content visible is:
AnswerMarks Guidance
- The table headers: StageState Action
- One completed row: Stage 0, State I, Action IS, Destination S, Value \(30 - 5 = 25^*\)
- "Total 15 marks" and "Total for Paper: 75 marks"
No mark scheme content is present in these images. These are student answer booklet pages, not a mark scheme document.
To obtain the mark scheme for this paper (P51572A), you would need to access it through:
- Pearson/Edexcel website (qualifications.pearson.com)
- Your school/college's exam resources
- A revision resource provider
# Question 6: Dynamic Programming

## Stage 4 (Week 4): Countries I or J, returning to S

| Country | Earnings | Travel cost to S | Net value |
|---------|----------|-----------------|-----------|
| I | 30 | 5 | 25 |
| J | 29 | 3 | 26 |

**Best from I = 25, Best from J = 26**

---

## Stage 3 (Week 3): Countries F, G or H → to I or J

For each country in week 3, calculate: earnings − travel cost + best onward value

**From F:**
- F→I: 35 − 5 + 25 = 55
- F→J: 35 − 7 + 26 = 54
- Best = 55 (via I) | B1 |

**From G:**
- G→I: 36 − 5 + 25 = 56
- G→J: 36 − 7 + 26 = 55
- Best = 56 (via I) | B1 |

**From H:**
- H→I: 38 − 6 + 25 = 57
- H→J: 38 − 7 + 26 = 57
- Best = 57 (via I or J) | B1 |

---

## Stage 2 (Week 2): Countries D or E → to F, G or H

**From D:**
- D→F: 24 − 7 + 55 = 72
- D→G: 24 − 6 + 56 = 74
- D→H: 24 − 8 + 57 = 73
- Best = 74 (via G) | M1 A1 |

**From E:**
- E→F: 22 − 6 + 55 = 71
- E→G: 22 − 6 + 56 = 72
- E→H: 22 − 4 + 57 = 75
- Best = 75 (via H) | A1 |

---

## Stage 1 (Week 1): S → A, B or C → to D or E

**From A:**
- S→A→D: 27 − 3 − 6 + 74 = 92
- S→A→E: 27 − 3 − 4 + 75 = 95
- Best via A = 95 (A→E) | M1 A1 |

**From B:**
- S→B→D: 29 − 4 − 5 + 74 = 94
- S→B→E: 29 − 4 − 3 + 75 = 97
- Best via B = 97 (B→E) | A1 |

**From C:**
- S→C→D: 32 − 6 − 6 + 74 = 94
- S→C→E: 32 − 6 − 5 + 75 = 96
- Best via C = 96 (C→E) | A1 |

---

## Optimal Solution

**Maximum expected income = £9700** | A1 |

**Optimal schedule: S → B → E → H → I → S or S → B → E → H → J → S** | A1 | Both routes required for full marks |

I can see these are exam question pages, but the mark scheme itself is not shown in these images. What's shown are the **question papers** (the student answer booklet pages), not the mark scheme.

The images contain:
- **Question 2**: A game theory payoff matrix with players A and B each having 4 strategies
- **Question 3**: An assignment problem matrix with workers A–E and tasks 1–5, with an unknown value $x$ in position (D,4)

To provide the mark scheme content you're asking for, I would need the **actual mark scheme document** to be shared. The blank lined pages shown are simply where students write their answers.

If you can share the mark scheme pages, I would be happy to extract and format the content as requested.

I can see these are exam answer booklet pages (response sheets for students), not mark scheme pages. The images show blank answer grids, network flow diagrams, and simplex tableau templates where students write their answers.

I cannot extract a mark scheme from these pages because **no mark scheme content is present** in these images. What is shown includes:

- **Question 3 continued**: Blank 5×5 grids (rows A–E, columns 1–5) for student responses
- **Question 4**: A network flow diagram (Diagram 1) with nodes S, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, T and capacities/flows labeled, plus a blank copy (Diagram 2) for students to complete
- **Question 5**: A simplex tableau with initial values and blank tableaux for subsequent iterations

To obtain the actual mark scheme for this paper (which appears to be a Pearson/Edexcel Decision Mathematics paper, paper reference P51572A), you would need to access it directly from **Pearson's website** or **PMT (Physics & Maths Tutor)**, where official mark schemes are published after each exam series.

I can see these are answer/working pages from what appears to be a mathematics or decision mathematics exam paper (reference P51572A), but the pages shown are **blank answer pages** — they contain only the table structure and ruled lines for students to write their answers.

The only content visible is:
- The table headers: **Stage | State | Action | Destination | Value**
- One completed row: Stage 0, State I, Action IS, Destination S, Value $30 - 5 = 25^*$
- "Total 15 marks" and "Total for Paper: 75 marks"

**No mark scheme content is present in these images.** These are student answer booklet pages, not a mark scheme document.

To obtain the mark scheme for this paper (P51572A), you would need to access it through:
- **Pearson/Edexcel** website (qualifications.pearson.com)
- Your school/college's exam resources
- A revision resource provider
6. Jonathan is an author who is planning his next book tour. He will visit four countries over a period of four weeks. He will visit just one country each week. He will leave from his home, S , and will only return there after visiting the four countries. He will travel directly from one country to the next. He wishes to determine a schedule of four countries to visit.

Table 1 shows the countries he could visit each week.

\begin{table}[h]

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

2.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & B plays 1 & B plays 2 & B plays 3 & B plays 4 \\
\hline
A plays 1 & - 3 & 2 & 5 & - 1 \\
\hline
A plays 2 & - 5 & 3 & 1 & - 1 \\
\hline
A plays 3 & - 2 & 5 & 4 & 2 \\
\hline
A plays 4 & 2 & - 3 & - 1 & 4 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | }
\hline
- 3 & 2 & 5 \\
\hline
- 2 & 5 & 4 \\
\hline
2 & - 3 & - 1 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

3.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A & 25 & 31 & 27 & 29 & 35 \\
\hline
B & 29 & 33 & 40 & 35 & 37 \\
\hline
C & 28 & 29 & 35 & 36 & 37 \\
\hline
D & 34 & 35 & 36 & $x$ & 41 \\
\hline
E & 36 & 35 & 32 & 31 & 33 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

(a) You may not need to use all of these tables

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  &  \\
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D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

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\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
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C &  &  &  &  &  \\
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D &  &  &  &  &  \\
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\end{tabular}
\end{center}

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C &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

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\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
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D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
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E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  &  \\
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B &  &  &  &  &  \\
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C &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline
A &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
B &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
C &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
D &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
E &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

4.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{4abb2325-b9df-4849-b08c-7db465fe85e0-18_1056_1572_1450_185}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Diagram 1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Maximum flow along SBET: $\_\_\_\_$

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{4abb2325-b9df-4849-b08c-7db465fe85e0-19_1043_1572_1505_187}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Diagram 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

5.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value \\
\hline
$r$ & - 2 & - 6 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 40 \\
\hline
$s$ & 2 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 80 \\
\hline
$t$ & 1 & 2 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 50 \\
\hline
$P$ & - 4 & - 2 & $- k$ & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

You may not need to use all of these tableaux

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value & Row Ops \\
\hline
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\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
$P$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value & Row Ops \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
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 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
$P$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value & Row Ops \\
\hline
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\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
$P$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value & Row Ops \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
$P$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | }
\hline
b.v. & $x$ & $y$ & $z$ & $r$ & $s$ & $t$ & Value & Row Ops \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
$P$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

6.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Stage & State & Action & Destination & Value \\
\hline
0 & I & IS & S & $30 - 5 = 25 ^ { * }$ \\
\hline
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\hline
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\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Stage & State & Action & Destination & Value \\
\hline
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\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline

\hline
END &  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel D2 2018 Q6 [15]}}