| Exam Board | AQA |
|---|---|
| Module | FP2 (Further Pure Mathematics 2) |
| Year | 2010 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 10 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Complex numbers 2 |
| Type | nth roots with preliminary simplification |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard Further Maths FP2 question testing routine application of De Moivre's theorem and finding nth roots. Part (a) requires converting to modulus-argument form and using index laws (straightforward), while part (b) involves finding cube roots using the standard formula. The calculations are somewhat lengthy but follow well-established procedures with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average for an A-level question overall but typical for FP2. |
| Spec | 4.02d Exponential form: re^(i*theta)4.02r nth roots: of complex numbers |
| REFERENCE | |
| .... | ............................................................................................................................................... |
| .......... | \(\_\_\_\_\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(1+\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i}\): \(r = \sqrt{1+3} = 2\), \(\theta = \frac{\pi}{3}\), so \(2e^{i\pi/3}\) | B1 | Correct modulus |
| \(1-\mathrm{i}\): \(r = \sqrt{2}\), \(\theta = -\frac{\pi}{4}\), so \(\sqrt{2}\,e^{-i\pi/4}\) | M1 A1 | M1 for method, A1 both correct |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \((1+\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i})^8(1-\mathrm{i})^5 = 2^8 e^{i \cdot 8\pi/3} \cdot (\sqrt{2})^5 e^{-i \cdot 5\pi/4}\) | M1 | Multiply moduli and add arguments |
| Modulus: \(2^8 \times 2^{5/2} = 2^{8} \times 4\sqrt{2} = 1024\sqrt{2} \cdot 4 = \) wait: \(256 \times 4\sqrt{2} = 1024\sqrt{2}\) | A1 | Correct modulus \(1024\sqrt{2}\) |
| Argument: \(\frac{8\pi}{3} - \frac{5\pi}{4} = \frac{32\pi - 15\pi}{12} = \frac{17\pi}{12}\), adjusted to \(\frac{17\pi}{12} - 2\pi = -\frac{7\pi}{12}\) | A1 | Correct argument \(-\frac{7\pi}{12}\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(z^3 = 1024\sqrt{2}\, e^{-7\pi i/12}\), so \( | z | = (1024\sqrt{2})^{1/3} = 8\sqrt{2}\) |
| General argument: \(\frac{1}{3}\left(-\frac{7\pi}{12} + 2k\pi\right)\) for \(k = 0, \pm1\) | M1 | Correct method for cube roots |
| \(k=0\): \(8\sqrt{2}\,e^{-7\pi i/36}\) | A1 | One correct root |
| \(k=1\): \(8\sqrt{2}\,e^{i \cdot 17\pi/36}\); \(k=-1\): \(8\sqrt{2}\,e^{-31\pi i/36}\) | A1 | All three correct roots in required form |
## Question 7:
### Part (a)(i):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $1+\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i}$: $r = \sqrt{1+3} = 2$, $\theta = \frac{\pi}{3}$, so $2e^{i\pi/3}$ | B1 | Correct modulus |
| $1-\mathrm{i}$: $r = \sqrt{2}$, $\theta = -\frac{\pi}{4}$, so $\sqrt{2}\,e^{-i\pi/4}$ | M1 A1 | M1 for method, A1 both correct |
### Part (a)(ii):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $(1+\sqrt{3}\,\mathrm{i})^8(1-\mathrm{i})^5 = 2^8 e^{i \cdot 8\pi/3} \cdot (\sqrt{2})^5 e^{-i \cdot 5\pi/4}$ | M1 | Multiply moduli and add arguments |
| Modulus: $2^8 \times 2^{5/2} = 2^{8} \times 4\sqrt{2} = 1024\sqrt{2} \cdot 4 = $ wait: $256 \times 4\sqrt{2} = 1024\sqrt{2}$ | A1 | Correct modulus $1024\sqrt{2}$ |
| Argument: $\frac{8\pi}{3} - \frac{5\pi}{4} = \frac{32\pi - 15\pi}{12} = \frac{17\pi}{12}$, adjusted to $\frac{17\pi}{12} - 2\pi = -\frac{7\pi}{12}$ | A1 | Correct argument $-\frac{7\pi}{12}$ |
### Part (b):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $z^3 = 1024\sqrt{2}\, e^{-7\pi i/12}$, so $|z| = (1024\sqrt{2})^{1/3} = 8\sqrt{2}$ | B1 | Correct modulus $8\sqrt{2}$ |
| General argument: $\frac{1}{3}\left(-\frac{7\pi}{12} + 2k\pi\right)$ for $k = 0, \pm1$ | M1 | Correct method for cube roots |
| $k=0$: $8\sqrt{2}\,e^{-7\pi i/36}$ | A1 | One correct root |
| $k=1$: $8\sqrt{2}\,e^{i \cdot 17\pi/36}$; $k=-1$: $8\sqrt{2}\,e^{-31\pi i/36}$ | A1 | All three correct roots in required form |
7 (a) (i) Express each of the numbers $1 + \sqrt { 3 } \mathrm { i }$ and $1 - \mathrm { i }$ in the form $r \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { i } \theta }$, where $r > 0$.\\
(ii) Hence express
$$( 1 + \sqrt { 3 } i ) ^ { 8 } ( 1 - i ) ^ { 5 }$$
in the form $r \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { i } \theta }$, where $r > 0$.\\
(b) Solve the equation
$$z ^ { 3 } = ( 1 + \sqrt { 3 } \mathrm { i } ) ^ { 8 } ( 1 - \mathrm { i } ) ^ { 5 }$$
giving your answers in the form $a \sqrt { 2 } \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { i } \theta }$, where $a$ is a positive integer and $- \pi < \theta \leqslant \pi$.
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\hfill \mbox{\textit{AQA FP2 2010 Q7 [10]}}