OCR Further Discrete AS 2018 June — Question 6 17 marks

Exam BoardOCR
ModuleFurther Discrete AS (Further Discrete AS)
Year2018
SessionJune
Marks17
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicCritical Path Analysis
TypeCalculate early and late times
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard critical path analysis question requiring routine application of well-defined algorithms (forward/backward pass, float calculation). Part (i) is textbook procedure, parts (ii-iii) test basic understanding of scheduling constraints, and part (iv) adds resource constraints but follows standard methods. The calculations are straightforward with no novel problem-solving required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec7.05a Critical path analysis: activity on arc networks7.05b Forward and backward pass: earliest/latest times, critical activities7.05c Total float: calculation and interpretation7.05d Latest start and earliest finish: independent and interfering float

6 Sheona and Tim are making a short film. The activities involved, their durations and immediate predecessors are given in the table below.
ActivityDuration (days)Immediate predecessorsST
APlanning2-
BWrite script1A
CChoose locations1A
DCasting0.5A
ERehearsals2B, D
FGet permissions1C
GFirst day filming1E, F
HFirst day edits1G
ISecond day filming0.5G
JSecond day edits2H, I
KFinishing1J
  1. By using an activity network, find:
    • the minimum project completion time
    • the critical activities
    • the float on each non-critical activity.
    • Give two reasons why the filming may take longer than the minimum project completion time.
    Each activity will involve either Sheona or Tim or both.
    • The activities that Sheona will do are ticked in the S column.
    • The activities that Tim will do are ticked in the T column.
    • They will do the planning and finishing together.
    • Some of the activities involve other people as well.
    An additional restriction is that Sheona and Tim can each only do one activity at a time.
  2. Explain why the minimum project completion is longer than in part (i) when this additional restriction is taken into account.
  3. The project must be completed in 14 days. Find:
    1. the longest break that either Sheona or Tim can take,
    2. the longest break that Sheona and Tim can take together,
    3. the float on each activity.

Question 6(i):
Forward Pass / Completion Time
AnswerMarks Guidance
\[\text{Minimum project completion time} = 10 \text{ days}\]M1 (at least one merge correct), A1 (answer 10) At least one merge correct
Backward Pass / Critical Activities
AnswerMarks Guidance
\[\text{Critical activities: A, B, E, G, H, J, K}\]M1 (at least one burst correct), A1 A, B, E, G, H, J, K
Activity Network
AnswerMarks Guidance
ActivityC D
Float (days)1 0.5
M1 (any one float correct), A1 (all correct), [7]Ignore any extras
Reference tables (ES/LF values):
AnswerMarks Guidance
AB C
ES0 2
LF2 3
FG H
ES3 5
LF5 6
Activity Network attemptedB1 Activity network attempted [3.3]
Question 6(ii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
e.g. Activities may not start on time because of delays. May need to wait for specialist equipment or other people.B1, B1, [2] May give specific examples. Delays or activities overrunning. May want to avoid splitting an activity overnight when other people are involved. Any issue relating to activity start/finish times/durations. Any resourcing issue (including availability of Sheona and Tim)
Question 6(iii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Activity E cannot start until Sheona has completed A, B and D. These take \(2+1+0.5 = 3.5\) days, so E cannot start until 3.5 days have elapsed.E1 E.g. identifying that B and D cannot be done at the same time.
But E is a critical activity, (so delaying E will delay the entire project).E1, [2] A delay in a critical activity will delay the whole project. This affects critical activity E (or G)
Question 6(iv)(a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Each is occupied for a total of 8 days, so the longest rest either can have is 6 daysM1 (14 - 6 or (either) busy for 8), A1 (answer 6), [2] S does ABDEGI rests for 6 days and then does K. T does ACF rests for 6 days and then does HJK. Allow if rest for either S or T identified as 6 days.
Question 6(iv)(b):
Activity G must start at the earliest on the afternoon of day 6 and at the latest on the morning of day 10.
Sheona is busy for 6.5 days before the end of activity G (and 1.5 days after activity G) and Tim is busy for 4 days after the end of activity G (and 4 days before the start of activity G).
If activities A to I are done as early as possible and activities J, K as late as possible then Sheona and Tim are both on a break from the afternoon of day 8 to the end of day 11.
AnswerMarks Guidance
\[= 3.5 \text{ days}\]M1 (using timing of activity G / minimum completion time \(= 10.5\) days / equivalent reasoning about early/late times), A1 (3.5), [2] May be implied from answer 3.5. Or using minimum completion time \(= 10.5\) days. Or equivalent reasoning about early/late times.
Question 6(iv)(c):
\[\text{A, E, G, H, J, K} = 3.5 \text{ days}\]
AnswerMarks Guidance
BC D
45 4.5
M1 (activities with float \(= 3.5\) days: A, E, G, H, J, K), A1 (others correct), [2]Accept with 1 or 2 errors in total
## Question 6(i):

**Forward Pass / Completion Time**
$$\text{Minimum project completion time} = 10 \text{ days}$$ | M1 (at least one merge correct), A1 (answer 10) | At least one merge correct

**Backward Pass / Critical Activities**
$$\text{Critical activities: A, B, E, G, H, J, K}$$ | M1 (at least one burst correct), A1 | A, B, E, G, H, J, K

**Activity Network**
| | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | C | D | F | I |
| Float (days) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 |

| M1 (any one float correct), A1 (all correct), [7] | Ignore any extras

**Reference tables (ES/LF values):**

| | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| LF | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |

| | F | G | H | I | J | K |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
| LF | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 |

**Activity Network attempted** | B1 | Activity network attempted [3.3]

---

## Question 6(ii):

e.g. Activities may not start on time because of delays. May need to wait for specialist equipment or other people. | B1, B1, [2] | May give specific examples. Delays or activities overrunning. May want to avoid splitting an activity overnight when other people are involved. Any issue relating to activity start/finish times/durations. Any resourcing issue (including availability of Sheona and Tim)

---

## Question 6(iii):

Activity E cannot start until Sheona has completed A, B and D. These take $2+1+0.5 = 3.5$ days, so E cannot start until 3.5 days have elapsed. | E1 | E.g. identifying that B and D cannot be done at the same time.

But E is a critical activity, (so delaying E will delay the entire project). | E1, [2] | A delay in a critical activity will delay the whole project. This affects critical activity E (or G)

---

## Question 6(iv)(a):

Each is occupied for a total of 8 days, so the longest rest either can have is 6 days | M1 (14 - 6 or (either) busy for 8), A1 (answer 6), [2] | S does ABDEGI rests for 6 days and then does K. T does ACF rests for 6 days and then does HJK. Allow if rest for either S or T identified as 6 days.

---

## Question 6(iv)(b):

Activity G must start at the earliest on the afternoon of day 6 and at the latest on the morning of day 10.

Sheona is busy for 6.5 days before the end of activity G (and 1.5 days after activity G) and Tim is busy for 4 days after the end of activity G (and 4 days before the start of activity G).

If activities A to I are done as early as possible and activities J, K as late as possible then Sheona and Tim are both on a break from the afternoon of day 8 to the end of day 11.

$$= 3.5 \text{ days}$$ | M1 (using timing of activity G / minimum completion time $= 10.5$ days / equivalent reasoning about early/late times), A1 (3.5), [2] | May be implied from answer 3.5. Or using minimum completion time $= 10.5$ days. Or equivalent reasoning about early/late times.

---

## Question 6(iv)(c):

$$\text{A, E, G, H, J, K} = 3.5 \text{ days}$$

| | B | C | D | F | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | 4 | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 |

| M1 (activities with float $= 3.5$ days: A, E, G, H, J, K), A1 (others correct), [2] | Accept with 1 or 2 errors in total
6 Sheona and Tim are making a short film. The activities involved, their durations and immediate predecessors are given in the table below.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
 & Activity & Duration (days) & Immediate predecessors & S & T \\
\hline
A & Planning & 2 & - & ✓ & ✓ \\
\hline
B & Write script & 1 & A & ✓ &  \\
\hline
C & Choose locations & 1 & A &  & ✓ \\
\hline
D & Casting & 0.5 & A & ✓ &  \\
\hline
E & Rehearsals & 2 & B, D & ✓ &  \\
\hline
F & Get permissions & 1 & C &  & ✓ \\
\hline
G & First day filming & 1 & E, F & ✓ &  \\
\hline
H & First day edits & 1 & G &  & ✓ \\
\hline
I & Second day filming & 0.5 & G & ✓ &  \\
\hline
J & Second day edits & 2 & H, I &  & ✓ \\
\hline
K & Finishing & 1 & J & ✓ & ✓ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

(i) By using an activity network, find:

\begin{itemize}
  \item the minimum project completion time
  \item the critical activities
  \item the float on each non-critical activity.\\
(ii) Give two reasons why the filming may take longer than the minimum project completion time.
\end{itemize}

Each activity will involve either Sheona or Tim or both.

\begin{itemize}
  \item The activities that Sheona will do are ticked in the S column.
  \item The activities that Tim will do are ticked in the T column.
  \item They will do the planning and finishing together.
  \item Some of the activities involve other people as well.
\end{itemize}

An additional restriction is that Sheona and Tim can each only do one activity at a time.\\
(iii) Explain why the minimum project completion is longer than in part (i) when this additional restriction is taken into account.\\
(iv) The project must be completed in 14 days. Find:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item the longest break that either Sheona or Tim can take,
\item the longest break that Sheona and Tim can take together,
\item the float on each activity.
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR Further Discrete AS 2018 Q6 [17]}}