| Exam Board | OCR |
|---|---|
| Module | Further Discrete AS (Further Discrete AS) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 17 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Critical Path Analysis |
| Type | Calculate early and late times |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard critical path analysis question requiring routine application of well-defined algorithms (forward/backward pass, float calculation). Part (i) is textbook procedure, parts (ii-iii) test basic understanding of scheduling constraints, and part (iv) adds resource constraints but follows standard methods. The calculations are straightforward with no novel problem-solving required, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 7.05a Critical path analysis: activity on arc networks7.05b Forward and backward pass: earliest/latest times, critical activities7.05c Total float: calculation and interpretation7.05d Latest start and earliest finish: independent and interfering float |
| Activity | Duration (days) | Immediate predecessors | S | T | |
| A | Planning | 2 | - | ✓ | ✓ |
| B | Write script | 1 | A | ✓ | |
| C | Choose locations | 1 | A | ✓ | |
| D | Casting | 0.5 | A | ✓ | |
| E | Rehearsals | 2 | B, D | ✓ | |
| F | Get permissions | 1 | C | ✓ | |
| G | First day filming | 1 | E, F | ✓ | |
| H | First day edits | 1 | G | ✓ | |
| I | Second day filming | 0.5 | G | ✓ | |
| J | Second day edits | 2 | H, I | ✓ | |
| K | Finishing | 1 | J | ✓ | ✓ |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \[\text{Minimum project completion time} = 10 \text{ days}\] | M1 (at least one merge correct), A1 (answer 10) | At least one merge correct |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \[\text{Critical activities: A, B, E, G, H, J, K}\] | M1 (at least one burst correct), A1 | A, B, E, G, H, J, K |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Activity | C | D |
| Float (days) | 1 | 0.5 |
| M1 (any one float correct), A1 (all correct), [7] | Ignore any extras |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| A | B | C |
| ES | 0 | 2 |
| LF | 2 | 3 |
| F | G | H |
| ES | 3 | 5 |
| LF | 5 | 6 |
| Activity Network attempted | B1 | Activity network attempted [3.3] |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| e.g. Activities may not start on time because of delays. May need to wait for specialist equipment or other people. | B1, B1, [2] | May give specific examples. Delays or activities overrunning. May want to avoid splitting an activity overnight when other people are involved. Any issue relating to activity start/finish times/durations. Any resourcing issue (including availability of Sheona and Tim) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Activity E cannot start until Sheona has completed A, B and D. These take \(2+1+0.5 = 3.5\) days, so E cannot start until 3.5 days have elapsed. | E1 | E.g. identifying that B and D cannot be done at the same time. |
| But E is a critical activity, (so delaying E will delay the entire project). | E1, [2] | A delay in a critical activity will delay the whole project. This affects critical activity E (or G) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Each is occupied for a total of 8 days, so the longest rest either can have is 6 days | M1 (14 - 6 or (either) busy for 8), A1 (answer 6), [2] | S does ABDEGI rests for 6 days and then does K. T does ACF rests for 6 days and then does HJK. Allow if rest for either S or T identified as 6 days. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \[= 3.5 \text{ days}\] | M1 (using timing of activity G / minimum completion time \(= 10.5\) days / equivalent reasoning about early/late times), A1 (3.5), [2] | May be implied from answer 3.5. Or using minimum completion time \(= 10.5\) days. Or equivalent reasoning about early/late times. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| B | C | D |
| 4 | 5 | 4.5 |
| M1 (activities with float \(= 3.5\) days: A, E, G, H, J, K), A1 (others correct), [2] | Accept with 1 or 2 errors in total |
## Question 6(i):
**Forward Pass / Completion Time**
$$\text{Minimum project completion time} = 10 \text{ days}$$ | M1 (at least one merge correct), A1 (answer 10) | At least one merge correct
**Backward Pass / Critical Activities**
$$\text{Critical activities: A, B, E, G, H, J, K}$$ | M1 (at least one burst correct), A1 | A, B, E, G, H, J, K
**Activity Network**
| | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity | C | D | F | I |
| Float (days) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| M1 (any one float correct), A1 (all correct), [7] | Ignore any extras
**Reference tables (ES/LF values):**
| | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| LF | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| | F | G | H | I | J | K |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
| LF | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
**Activity Network attempted** | B1 | Activity network attempted [3.3]
---
## Question 6(ii):
e.g. Activities may not start on time because of delays. May need to wait for specialist equipment or other people. | B1, B1, [2] | May give specific examples. Delays or activities overrunning. May want to avoid splitting an activity overnight when other people are involved. Any issue relating to activity start/finish times/durations. Any resourcing issue (including availability of Sheona and Tim)
---
## Question 6(iii):
Activity E cannot start until Sheona has completed A, B and D. These take $2+1+0.5 = 3.5$ days, so E cannot start until 3.5 days have elapsed. | E1 | E.g. identifying that B and D cannot be done at the same time.
But E is a critical activity, (so delaying E will delay the entire project). | E1, [2] | A delay in a critical activity will delay the whole project. This affects critical activity E (or G)
---
## Question 6(iv)(a):
Each is occupied for a total of 8 days, so the longest rest either can have is 6 days | M1 (14 - 6 or (either) busy for 8), A1 (answer 6), [2] | S does ABDEGI rests for 6 days and then does K. T does ACF rests for 6 days and then does HJK. Allow if rest for either S or T identified as 6 days.
---
## Question 6(iv)(b):
Activity G must start at the earliest on the afternoon of day 6 and at the latest on the morning of day 10.
Sheona is busy for 6.5 days before the end of activity G (and 1.5 days after activity G) and Tim is busy for 4 days after the end of activity G (and 4 days before the start of activity G).
If activities A to I are done as early as possible and activities J, K as late as possible then Sheona and Tim are both on a break from the afternoon of day 8 to the end of day 11.
$$= 3.5 \text{ days}$$ | M1 (using timing of activity G / minimum completion time $= 10.5$ days / equivalent reasoning about early/late times), A1 (3.5), [2] | May be implied from answer 3.5. Or using minimum completion time $= 10.5$ days. Or equivalent reasoning about early/late times.
---
## Question 6(iv)(c):
$$\text{A, E, G, H, J, K} = 3.5 \text{ days}$$
| | B | C | D | F | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | 4 | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4 |
| M1 (activities with float $= 3.5$ days: A, E, G, H, J, K), A1 (others correct), [2] | Accept with 1 or 2 errors in total
6 Sheona and Tim are making a short film. The activities involved, their durations and immediate predecessors are given in the table below.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& Activity & Duration (days) & Immediate predecessors & S & T \\
\hline
A & Planning & 2 & - & ✓ & ✓ \\
\hline
B & Write script & 1 & A & ✓ & \\
\hline
C & Choose locations & 1 & A & & ✓ \\
\hline
D & Casting & 0.5 & A & ✓ & \\
\hline
E & Rehearsals & 2 & B, D & ✓ & \\
\hline
F & Get permissions & 1 & C & & ✓ \\
\hline
G & First day filming & 1 & E, F & ✓ & \\
\hline
H & First day edits & 1 & G & & ✓ \\
\hline
I & Second day filming & 0.5 & G & ✓ & \\
\hline
J & Second day edits & 2 & H, I & & ✓ \\
\hline
K & Finishing & 1 & J & ✓ & ✓ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
(i) By using an activity network, find:
\begin{itemize}
\item the minimum project completion time
\item the critical activities
\item the float on each non-critical activity.\\
(ii) Give two reasons why the filming may take longer than the minimum project completion time.
\end{itemize}
Each activity will involve either Sheona or Tim or both.
\begin{itemize}
\item The activities that Sheona will do are ticked in the S column.
\item The activities that Tim will do are ticked in the T column.
\item They will do the planning and finishing together.
\item Some of the activities involve other people as well.
\end{itemize}
An additional restriction is that Sheona and Tim can each only do one activity at a time.\\
(iii) Explain why the minimum project completion is longer than in part (i) when this additional restriction is taken into account.\\
(iv) The project must be completed in 14 days. Find:
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item the longest break that either Sheona or Tim can take,
\item the longest break that Sheona and Tim can take together,
\item the float on each activity.
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR Further Discrete AS 2018 Q6 [17]}}