Edexcel P4 2022 January — Question 8 4 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleP4 (Pure Mathematics 4)
Year2022
SessionJanuary
Marks4
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicProof
TypeContradiction proof of inequality
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward proof by contradiction applying AM-GM inequality. Students assume the negation, manipulate to reach a contradiction via the standard inequality (a+b)/2 ≥ √(ab), requiring only 2-3 algebraic steps. The technique is routine for P4/Further Pure, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec1.01d Proof by contradiction

8. Use proof by contradiction to prove that, for all positive real numbers \(x\) and \(y\), $$\frac { 9 x } { y } + \frac { y } { x } \geqslant 6$$

Question 8:
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Assume there exist positive real numbers \(x\) and \(y\) such that \(\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6\)B1 Starts the proof by contradicting the given statement
\(\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6\Rightarrow9x^2+y^2<6xy\) (as \(x\) and \(y\) are both positive)M1 Multiplies through by \(xy\)
\(\Rightarrow9x^2+y^2-6xy<0\Rightarrow(3x-y)^2<0\)A1 Reaches a correct contradictory statement
As \(x\) and \(y\) are positive real numbers, this is a contradiction and so \(\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6\) must be incorrect and so \(\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\geq6\)A1* Makes a suitable conclusion
## Question 8:

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Assume there exist positive real numbers $x$ and $y$ such that $\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6$ | B1 | Starts the proof by contradicting the given statement |
| $\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6\Rightarrow9x^2+y^2<6xy$ (as $x$ and $y$ are both positive) | M1 | Multiplies through by $xy$ |
| $\Rightarrow9x^2+y^2-6xy<0\Rightarrow(3x-y)^2<0$ | A1 | Reaches a correct contradictory statement |
| As $x$ and $y$ are positive real numbers, this is a contradiction and so $\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}<6$ must be incorrect and so $\dfrac{9x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\geq6$ | A1* | Makes a suitable conclusion |

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8. Use proof by contradiction to prove that, for all positive real numbers $x$ and $y$,

$$\frac { 9 x } { y } + \frac { y } { x } \geqslant 6$$

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P4 2022 Q8 [4]}}