| Exam Board | CAIE |
|---|---|
| Module | P1 (Pure Mathematics 1) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 13 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Circles |
| Type | Find parameter values for tangency using discriminant |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard circle-tangent problem requiring perpendicular gradient condition, distance formula, and parallel tangent equations. Part (a) involves solving a quadratic from the tangent condition (5 marks suggests routine algebraic manipulation), parts (b) and (c) are straightforward applications of normal/tangent properties. While multi-part with 13 total marks, each step follows standard procedures without requiring novel insight—slightly easier than average due to the structured, procedural nature. |
| Spec | 1.03a Straight lines: equation forms y=mx+c, ax+by+c=01.03b Straight lines: parallel and perpendicular relationships1.03d Circles: equation (x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=r^21.03e Complete the square: find centre and radius of circle |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 10(a) | 2 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | *M1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x or y only. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | A1 | OE e.g. 5x2 432ax4a2 44 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | DM1 | OE Using b2 4ac on their 3 term quadratic 0. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Using a = 4: 382 550 | A1 | Clearly substituting a = 4. |
| a16 | B1 | Condone no method shown for this value. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| a2 12a640 ⇒ a4a160 ⇒ a4 | A1 | AG Full method clearly shown. |
| a16 | B1 | Condone no method shown for this value. |
| 5 | If M0, SCB1 available for substituting a4, finding |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Answer | Marks |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 10(b) | Centre (4, 3) identified or used or the point P is (2, 7) | B1 |
| ⸫ gradient of normal 2 | B1 | SOI |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| P | M1 | Condone use of 4,3. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| x4 | A1 | OE Condone fx. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Answer | Marks |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 10(c) | Method 1 for Question 10(c) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| dx 2 | *M1 | 1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 2 4 | DM1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x or y only. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| x = 0 or 8, y = 1 or 5 [(0,1) and (8,5)] | A1 | Correct co-ordinates for both points. Condone no method |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Equations are y12x and y52x8 | A1 | 2x y1 and 2x y21. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| (4+4,3+2) = (8,5) and (4 – 4,3 – 2) = (0,1) | *M1 A1 | Vector approach using their centre and gradient = 0.5 . |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Equations are y52x8 and y12x | DM1 A1 | Forming equations of tangents using their (0,1) and (8,5). |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| | *M1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x only using |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| [leading to 4c2 32c120c161000] | DM1 | Using b2 4ac0. |
| Question | Answer | Marks |
| 10(c) | 4c2 88c840 [leading to c2 22c210 ] | A1 |
| c21 and c1 or y2x21 and y2x1 | A1 | Condone no method shown for solution. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Question | Answer | Marks |
Question 10:
--- 10(a) ---
10(a) | 2
xa2 1
x63 20 or using x2y12
2 | *M1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x or y only.
5
x2 32axa2 110
4 | A1 | OE e.g. 5x2 432ax4a2 44
Rearranging to get a correct 3-term quadratic on one side.
Condone terms not grouped together.
5y2 y544a133a2 24.
32a2 4 5 a2 11 0
4 | DM1 | OE Using b2 4ac on their 3 term quadratic 0.
Method 1 for final 2 marks
Using a = 4: 382 550 | A1 | Clearly substituting a = 4.
a16 | B1 | Condone no method shown for this value.
Method 2 for final 2 marks
a2 12a640 ⇒ a4a160 ⇒ a4 | A1 | AG Full method clearly shown.
a16 | B1 | Condone no method shown for this value.
5 | If M0, SCB1 available for substituting a4, finding
P(2, 7) and verifying that CP2 = 20.
Question | Answer | Marks | Guidance
--- 10(b) ---
10(b) | Centre (4, 3) identified or used or the point P is (2, 7) | B1
⸫ gradient of normal 2 | B1 | SOI
Forming normal equation using their gradient (not 0.5) and their centre or
P | M1 | Condone use of 4,3.
y3
2 or y72x2
x4 | A1 | OE Condone fx.
4
Question | Answer | Marks | Guidance
--- 10(c) ---
10(c) | Method 1 for Question 10(c)
1 1
Diameter: y3 x4 leading to y x1
2 2
Or
dy 1
2x42y3 0 leading to y x1
dx 2 | *M1 | 1
Using gradient with their centre.
2
By implicit differentiation.
2
x42 1 x13 20 5 x2 10x0
2 4 | DM1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x or y only.
[y2 6y50].
x = 0 or 8, y = 1 or 5 [(0,1) and (8,5)] | A1 | Correct co-ordinates for both points. Condone no method
shown for solution.
Equations are y12x and y52x8 | A1 | 2x y1 and 2x y21.
Method 2 for Question 10(c)
Coordinates of points at which tangents meet curve are
(4+4,3+2) = (8,5) and (4 – 4,3 – 2) = (0,1) | *M1 A1 | Vector approach using their centre and gradient = 0.5 .
Condone answers only with no working.
Equations are y52x8 and y12x | DM1 A1 | Forming equations of tangents using their (0,1) and (8,5).
Method 3 for Question 10(c)
x42 2xc32
20
5x2 44cxc32 40
| *M1 | Obtaining an unsimplified equation in x only using
equation of circle with y2xc.
44c2 20 c32 4 0
[leading to 4c2 32c120c161000] | DM1 | Using b2 4ac0.
Question | Answer | Marks | Guidance
10(c) | 4c2 88c840 [leading to c2 22c210 ] | A1
c21 and c1 or y2x21 and y2x1 | A1 | Condone no method shown for solution.
4
Question | Answer | Marks | Guidance
The equation of a circle is $(x - a)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = 20$. The line $y = \frac{1}{2}x + 6$ is a tangent to the circle at the point $P$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that one possible value of $a$ is 4 and find the other possible value. [5]
\item For $a = 4$, find the equation of the normal to the circle at $P$. [4]
\item For $a = 4$, find the equations of the two tangents to the circle which are parallel to the normal found in (b). [4]
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P1 2023 Q10 [13]}}