| Exam Board | OCR |
|---|---|
| Module | D2 (Decision Mathematics 2) |
| Year | 2007 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 16 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Dynamic Programming |
| Type | Dynamic programming minimax route |
| Difficulty | Moderate -0.5 This is a standard D2 dynamic programming table completion exercise requiring systematic application of the minimax algorithm. While it involves multiple steps, the procedure is mechanical and follows a well-practiced template with no conceptual challenges or novel problem-solving required. |
| Spec | 7.07a Simplex tableau: initial setup in standard format |
| Stage | State | A ction | Working | M inimax |
| \multirow{3}{*}{1} | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| \multirow{9}{*}{2} | \multirow{3}{*}{0} | 0 | \(\max ( 6,4 ) = 6\) | \multirow{3}{*}{3} |
| 1 | \(\max ( 2,3 ) = 3\) | |||
| 2 | \(\max ( 3,2 ) = 3\) | |||
| \multirow{3}{*}{1} | 0 | \(\max ( 2,4 ) =\) | \multirow{3}{*}{} | |
| 1 | \(\max ( 4,3 ) =\) | |||
| 2 | \(\max ( 5,2 ) =\) | |||
| \multirow{3}{*}{2} | 0 | max(2, | \multirow{3}{*}{} | |
| 1 | max(3, | |||
| 2 | max(4, | |||
| \multirow{3}{*}{3} | \multirow{3}{*}{0} | 0 | max(5, | \multirow{3}{*}{} |
| 1 | max(5, | |||
| 2 | max(2, |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Stage 1: state 0, action 0, working 4, minimax 4; state 1, action 0, working 3, minimax 3; state 2, action 0, working 2, minimax 2 | Values only credited when seen in table | |
| Stage 2, state 0: \(\max(6,4)=6\), \(\max(2,3)=3\), \(\max(3,2)=3\), minimax 3 | ||
| Stage 2, state 1: \(\max(2,4)=4\), \(\max(4,3)=4\), \(\max(5,2)=5\), minimax 4 | M1 | For calculating the maxima as 4, 4, 5 |
| A1 | For calculating the minimax as 4 | |
| Stage 2, state 2: \(\max(2,4)=4\), \(\max(3,3)=3\), \(\max(4,2)=4\), minimax 3 | B1 | For completing 4, 3, 2 in the brackets |
| M1 | For calculating the maxima as 4, 3, 4 (method) | |
| A1 | For calculating the minimax as 3 cao | |
| Stage 3, state 0: \(\max(5,3)=5\), \(\max(5,4)=5\), \(\max(2,3)=3\), minimax 3 | B1 | For using their minimax values from stage 2 |
| M1 | For calculating the maxima for their values | |
| A1 | For calculating the maxima as 5, 5, 3 cao | |
| A1 | For calculating the minimax as 3 cao |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Value = 3 | M1 | For the value from their tabulation |
| A1 | For 3 (irrespective of their tabulation) cao | |
| Route: \((0;0) \to (1;1) \to (2;2) \to (3;0)\) (or in reverse) | M1 dep | For reading route from their tabulation |
| A1 | For this route (irrespective of their tabulation) cao |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Graph structure correct with nodes \((2;0), (1;0), (3;0), (2;1), (1;1), (0;0), (2;2), (1;2)\) | B1 | For the graph structure correct |
| Substantially correct attempt at weights (no more than two definite errors or omissions) | M1 | For a substantially correct attempt at the weights |
| Weights unambiguously correct | A1 | For weights unambiguously correct cao |
# Question 4:
## Part (i)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Stage 1: state 0, action 0, working 4, minimax 4; state 1, action 0, working 3, minimax 3; state 2, action 0, working 2, minimax 2 | | Values only credited when seen in table |
| Stage 2, state 0: $\max(6,4)=6$, $\max(2,3)=3$, $\max(3,2)=3$, minimax 3 | | |
| Stage 2, state 1: $\max(2,4)=4$, $\max(4,3)=4$, $\max(5,2)=5$, minimax 4 | M1 | For calculating the maxima as 4, 4, 5 |
| | A1 | For calculating the minimax as 4 |
| Stage 2, state 2: $\max(2,4)=4$, $\max(3,3)=3$, $\max(4,2)=4$, minimax 3 | B1 | For completing 4, 3, 2 in the brackets |
| | M1 | For calculating the maxima as 4, 3, 4 (method) |
| | A1 | For calculating the minimax as 3 cao |
| Stage 3, state 0: $\max(5,3)=5$, $\max(5,4)=5$, $\max(2,3)=3$, minimax 3 | B1 | For using their minimax values from stage 2 |
| | M1 | For calculating the maxima for their values |
| | A1 | For calculating the maxima as 5, 5, 3 cao |
| | A1 | For calculating the minimax as 3 cao |
## Part (ii)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Value = 3 | M1 | For the value from their tabulation |
| | A1 | For 3 (irrespective of their tabulation) cao |
| Route: $(0;0) \to (1;1) \to (2;2) \to (3;0)$ (or in reverse) | M1 dep | For reading route from their tabulation |
| | A1 | For this route (irrespective of their tabulation) cao |
## Part (iii)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Graph structure correct with nodes $(2;0), (1;0), (3;0), (2;1), (1;1), (0;0), (2;2), (1;2)$ | B1 | For the graph structure correct |
| Substantially correct attempt at weights (no more than two definite errors or omissions) | M1 | For a substantially correct attempt at the weights |
| Weights unambiguously correct | A1 | For weights unambiguously correct cao |
---
4 Answer this question on the insert provided.
The table shows a partially completed dynamic programming tabulation for solving a minimax problem.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Stage & State & A ction & Working & M inimax \\
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{1} & 0 & 0 & 4 & 4 \\
\hline
& 1 & 0 & 3 & 3 \\
\hline
& 2 & 0 & 2 & 2 \\
\hline
\multirow{9}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{0} & 0 & $\max ( 6,4 ) = 6$ & \multirow{3}{*}{3} \\
\hline
& & 1 & $\max ( 2,3 ) = 3$ & \\
\hline
& & 2 & $\max ( 3,2 ) = 3$ & \\
\hline
& \multirow{3}{*}{1} & 0 & $\max ( 2,4 ) =$ & \multirow{3}{*}{} \\
\hline
& & 1 & $\max ( 4,3 ) =$ & \\
\hline
& & 2 & $\max ( 5,2 ) =$ & \\
\hline
& \multirow{3}{*}{2} & 0 & max(2, & \multirow{3}{*}{} \\
\hline
& & 1 & max(3, & \\
\hline
& & 2 & max(4, & \\
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{0} & 0 & max(5, & \multirow{3}{*}{} \\
\hline
& & 1 & max(5, & \\
\hline
& & 2 & max(2, & \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
(i) On the insert, complete the last two columns of the table.\\
(ii) State the minimax value and write down the minimax route.\\
(iii) Complete the diagram on the insert to show the network that is represented by the table.
\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR D2 2007 Q4 [16]}}