Edexcel FD1 AS 2021 June — Question 3 9 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleFD1 AS (Further Decision 1 AS)
Year2021
SessionJune
Marks9
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicLinear Programming
TypeFormulation with percentage constraints
DifficultyChallenging +1.2 This is a standard linear programming formulation question requiring students to translate verbal constraints into inequalities and eliminate one variable. While it involves multiple constraints including a percentage condition and ingredient ratios, the techniques are routine for FD1: substituting z = 48 - x - y, converting ratios to inequalities, and handling percentage constraints. The question is methodical rather than requiring novel insight, making it moderately above average difficulty for A-level but typical for Further Maths Decision content.
Spec7.06a LP formulation: variables, constraints, objective function7.06b Slack variables: converting inequalities to equations

3. Donald plans to bake and sell cakes. The three types of cake that he can bake are brownies, flapjacks and muffins. Donald decides to bake 48 brownies and muffins in total.
Donald decides to bake at least 5 brownies for every 3 flapjacks.
At most \(40 \%\) of the cakes will be muffins.
Donald has enough ingredients to bake 60 brownies or 45 flapjacks or 35 muffins.
Donald plans to sell each brownie for \(\pounds 1.50\), each flapjack for \(\pounds 1\) and each muffin for \(\pounds 1.25\) He wants to maximise the total income from selling the cakes. Let \(x\) represent the number of brownies, let \(y\) represent the number of flapjacks and let \(z\) represent the number of muffins that Donald will bake. Formulate this as a linear programming problem in \(x\) and \(y\) only, stating the objective function and listing the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients. You should not attempt to solve the problem.

Question 3:
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
Maximise \(P = 1.5x + y + 1.25z\)B1 cao; must contain 'maximise'
Subject to \(x + z = 48\)B1 cao
\(3x \geq 5y\)M1 \(3x \square 5y\); allow \(5x \geq 3y\)
\(\frac{2}{5}(x+y+z) \geq z \Rightarrow 2x+2y \geq 3z\)M1 \(\frac{2}{5}(x+y+z)\square z\)
\(\frac{x}{60}+\frac{y}{45}+\frac{z}{35} \leq 1 \Rightarrow 21x+28y+36z \leq 1260\)M1 \(\frac{x}{60}+\frac{y}{45}+\frac{z}{35}\square 1\)
Any two of the three inequalities correctly statedA1
Substitute \(z = 48-x\) into objective and constraintsM1
Maximise \(P = 0.25x + y + 60\)A1
\(3x \geq 5y\), \(\quad 5x+2y \geq 144\), \(\quad 15x \geq 28y+468\)A1 cao (all four parts; do not penalise lack of 'maximise' second time)
# Question 3:

| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| Maximise $P = 1.5x + y + 1.25z$ | B1 | cao; must contain 'maximise' |
| Subject to $x + z = 48$ | B1 | cao |
| $3x \geq 5y$ | M1 | $3x \square 5y$; allow $5x \geq 3y$ |
| $\frac{2}{5}(x+y+z) \geq z \Rightarrow 2x+2y \geq 3z$ | M1 | $\frac{2}{5}(x+y+z)\square z$ |
| $\frac{x}{60}+\frac{y}{45}+\frac{z}{35} \leq 1 \Rightarrow 21x+28y+36z \leq 1260$ | M1 | $\frac{x}{60}+\frac{y}{45}+\frac{z}{35}\square 1$ |
| Any two of the three inequalities correctly stated | A1 | |
| Substitute $z = 48-x$ into objective and constraints | M1 | |
| Maximise $P = 0.25x + y + 60$ | A1 | |
| $3x \geq 5y$, $\quad 5x+2y \geq 144$, $\quad 15x \geq 28y+468$ | A1 | cao (all four parts; do not penalise lack of 'maximise' second time) |

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3. Donald plans to bake and sell cakes. The three types of cake that he can bake are brownies, flapjacks and muffins.

Donald decides to bake 48 brownies and muffins in total.\\
Donald decides to bake at least 5 brownies for every 3 flapjacks.\\
At most $40 \%$ of the cakes will be muffins.\\
Donald has enough ingredients to bake 60 brownies or 45 flapjacks or 35 muffins.\\
Donald plans to sell each brownie for $\pounds 1.50$, each flapjack for $\pounds 1$ and each muffin for $\pounds 1.25$ He wants to maximise the total income from selling the cakes.

Let $x$ represent the number of brownies, let $y$ represent the number of flapjacks and let $z$ represent the number of muffins that Donald will bake.

Formulate this as a linear programming problem in $x$ and $y$ only, stating the objective function and listing the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.

You should not attempt to solve the problem.\\

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel FD1 AS 2021 Q3 [9]}}