CAIE P3 2021 November — Question 1 4 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleP3 (Pure Mathematics 3)
Year2021
SessionNovember
Marks4
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicExponential Functions
TypeSolve absolute value exponential equation
DifficultyStandard +0.8 This requires handling absolute value cases systematically, solving two exponential equations (one yielding x=0 trivially, the other requiring logarithms), and checking validity of solutions. The absolute value adds conceptual complexity beyond standard exponential equations, but the algebraic manipulation remains straightforward once cases are identified.
Spec1.02l Modulus function: notation, relations, equations and inequalities1.06g Equations with exponentials: solve a^x = b

1 Solve the equation \(4 \left| 5 ^ { x } - 1 \right| = 5 ^ { x }\), giving your answers correct to 3 decimal places.

Question 1:
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
State or imply non-modular equation \(4^2(5^x-1)^2=(5^x)^2\) or pair of equations \(4(5^x-1)=\pm5^x\)M1
Obtain \(5^x=\frac{4}{3}\) and \(5^x=\frac{4}{5}\) (or \(5^{x+1}=4\))A1
Use correct method for solving an equation of the form \(5^x=a\), or \(5^{x+1}=b\) where \(a>0\), or \(b>0\)M1
Obtain answers \(x=0.179\) and \(x=-0.139\)A1
Alternative method for Question 1:
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
Obtain \(5^x=\frac{4}{3}\) by solving an equationB1
Obtain \(5^x=\frac{4}{5}\) (or \(5^{x+1}=4\)) by solving an equationB1
Use correct method for solving an equation of the form \(5^x=a\), or \(5^{x+1}=b\) where \(a>0\), or \(b>0\)M1
Obtain answers \(x=0.179\) and \(x=-0.139\)A1
Total: 4 marks
## Question 1:

| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| State or imply non-modular equation $4^2(5^x-1)^2=(5^x)^2$ or pair of equations $4(5^x-1)=\pm5^x$ | M1 | |
| Obtain $5^x=\frac{4}{3}$ and $5^x=\frac{4}{5}$ (or $5^{x+1}=4$) | A1 | |
| Use correct method for solving an equation of the form $5^x=a$, or $5^{x+1}=b$ where $a>0$, or $b>0$ | M1 | |
| Obtain answers $x=0.179$ and $x=-0.139$ | A1 | |

**Alternative method for Question 1:**

| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| Obtain $5^x=\frac{4}{3}$ by solving an equation | B1 | |
| Obtain $5^x=\frac{4}{5}$ (or $5^{x+1}=4$) by solving an equation | B1 | |
| Use correct method for solving an equation of the form $5^x=a$, or $5^{x+1}=b$ where $a>0$, or $b>0$ | M1 | |
| Obtain answers $x=0.179$ and $x=-0.139$ | A1 | |

**Total: 4 marks**
1 Solve the equation $4 \left| 5 ^ { x } - 1 \right| = 5 ^ { x }$, giving your answers correct to 3 decimal places.\\

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P3 2021 Q1 [4]}}