CAIE P3 2023 June — Question 3 4 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleP3 (Pure Mathematics 3)
Year2023
SessionJune
Marks4
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicGeneralised Binomial Theorem
TypeCoefficient of x^n in product
DifficultyStandard +0.8 This question requires expanding √(1+4x) using the generalised binomial theorem with fractional index 1/2, multiplying by (3+x), and collecting terms—a multi-step problem requiring careful algebraic manipulation. While the technique is standard for P3, the combination of fractional binomial expansion with polynomial multiplication and coefficient extraction makes it moderately challenging, above average difficulty.
Spec1.04a Binomial expansion: (a+b)^n for positive integer n1.04c Extend binomial expansion: rational n, |x|<1

3 Find the coefficient of \(x ^ { 3 }\) in the binomial expansion of \(( 3 + x ) \sqrt { 1 + 4 x }\).

Question 3:
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMarks Guidance
State unsimplified term in \(x^3\), or its coefficient, in the expansion of \((1+4x)^{\frac{1}{2}}\)B1 \(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{-1}{2} \times \frac{-3}{2}}{6}(4x)^3 (=4)\) Must expand binomial coefficient
State unsimplified term in \(x^2\), or its coefficient, in the expansion of \((1+4x)^{\frac{1}{2}}\)B1 \(\frac{\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{-1}{2}}{2}(4x)^2 (=-2)\) Must expand binomial coefficient
Multiply by \((3+x)\) and combine terms in \(x^3\), or their coefficientsM1 \((3\times4 - 1\times2)\); Allow if they expanded with \(x\) rather than \(4x\)
Obtain answer \(10\)A1 Accept \(10x^3\)
4
## Question 3:

| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| State unsimplified term in $x^3$, or its coefficient, in the expansion of $(1+4x)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ | B1 | $\frac{\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{-1}{2} \times \frac{-3}{2}}{6}(4x)^3 (=4)$ Must expand binomial coefficient |
| State unsimplified term in $x^2$, or its coefficient, in the expansion of $(1+4x)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ | B1 | $\frac{\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{-1}{2}}{2}(4x)^2 (=-2)$ Must expand binomial coefficient |
| Multiply by $(3+x)$ and combine terms in $x^3$, or their coefficients | M1 | $(3\times4 - 1\times2)$; Allow if they expanded with $x$ rather than $4x$ |
| Obtain answer $10$ | A1 | Accept $10x^3$ |
| | **4** | |

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3 Find the coefficient of $x ^ { 3 }$ in the binomial expansion of $( 3 + x ) \sqrt { 1 + 4 x }$.\\

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P3 2023 Q3 [4]}}