AQA S2 2005 June — Question 6 10 marks

Exam BoardAQA
ModuleS2 (Statistics 2)
Year2005
SessionJune
Marks10
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicT-tests (unknown variance)
TypeSingle sample t-test
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward one-sample t-test with clear hypotheses (μ < 568), small sample size requiring t-distribution, and standard procedure. While it requires multiple steps (calculate sample mean/SD, find t-statistic, compare to critical value), each step is routine for S2 level. The 10 marks reflect length rather than conceptual difficulty—slightly above average only because students must recognize to use t-test (variance unknown) and correctly interpret one-tailed test at 1% level.
Spec5.05c Hypothesis test: normal distribution for population mean

6 The contents, in millilitres, of cartons of milk produced at Kream Dairies, can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 568 and variance \(\sigma ^ { 2 }\). After receiving several complaints from their customers who thought that the average content of the cartons had been reduced, the production manager of Kream Dairies decided to investigate. A random sample of 8 cartons of milk was taken, revealing the following contents, in millilitres. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l } 560 & 568 & 561 & 562 & 564 & 567 & 565 & 563 \end{array}$$ Investigate, at the \(1 \%\) level of significance, whether the average content of cartons of milk is less than 568 millilitres.
(10 marks)

Question 6:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(H_0: \mu = 568\); \(H_1: \mu < 568\)B1 \(X \sim \text{N}(568, \sigma^2)\); Under \(H_0\): \(\bar{X} \sim \text{N}\!\left(568, \frac{\sigma^2}{n}\right)\)
1% one-tailed test, \(\nu = 7\)B1
\(\bar{x} = \frac{4510}{8} = 563.75\)B1
\(s^2 = \frac{254256.8}{7} - \frac{8}{7}(563.75)^2 = 7.929\)B2 \((s = 2.816)\)
\(t = \frac{563.75 - 568}{2.816/\sqrt{8}}\)M1
\(t = -4.27\)A1ft AWFW \(-4.27\) to \(-4.26\)
\(t_{crit} = -2.998\)B1ft
Reject \(H_0\)A1\(\checkmark\) On their \(t\)
Evidence at the 1% level of significance to suggest that the average contents of the cartons have been reduced.E1\(\checkmark\) (10 marks total)
## Question 6:

$H_0: \mu = 568$; $H_1: \mu < 568$ | B1 | $X \sim \text{N}(568, \sigma^2)$; Under $H_0$: $\bar{X} \sim \text{N}\!\left(568, \frac{\sigma^2}{n}\right)$

1% one-tailed test, $\nu = 7$ | B1

$\bar{x} = \frac{4510}{8} = 563.75$ | B1

$s^2 = \frac{254256.8}{7} - \frac{8}{7}(563.75)^2 = 7.929$ | B2 | $(s = 2.816)$

$t = \frac{563.75 - 568}{2.816/\sqrt{8}}$ | M1

$t = -4.27$ | A1ft | AWFW $-4.27$ to $-4.26$

$t_{crit} = -2.998$ | B1ft

Reject $H_0$ | A1$\checkmark$ | On their $t$

Evidence at the 1% level of significance to suggest that the average contents of the cartons have been reduced. | E1$\checkmark$ (10 marks total)
6 The contents, in millilitres, of cartons of milk produced at Kream Dairies, can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 568 and variance $\sigma ^ { 2 }$.

After receiving several complaints from their customers who thought that the average content of the cartons had been reduced, the production manager of Kream Dairies decided to investigate.

A random sample of 8 cartons of milk was taken, revealing the following contents, in millilitres.

$$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l } 
560 & 568 & 561 & 562 & 564 & 567 & 565 & 563
\end{array}$$

Investigate, at the $1 \%$ level of significance, whether the average content of cartons of milk is less than 568 millilitres.\\
(10 marks)

\hfill \mbox{\textit{AQA S2 2005 Q6 [10]}}