| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | S2 (Statistics 2) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 16 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Continuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables |
| Type | PDF with multiple constants |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard S2 PDF question requiring integration to find constants using two conditions (total probability = 1 and given E(X²)). The steps are routine: integrate linear function, solve simultaneous equations, sketch, and find a probability threshold. While multi-part with several marks, it follows a predictable template with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03b Solve problems: using pdf5.03c Calculate mean/variance: by integration5.03e Find cdf: by integration |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\int_{-1}^{3}(a+bx)\,dx [=1]\) or trapezium drawn | M1 | |
| \(\left[ax + \frac{bx^2}{2}\right]_{-1}^{3} [=1]\) oe or \(\frac{3-(-1)}{2}((a-b)+(a+3b))[=1]\) | A1 | |
| \(\left[3a + \frac{9b}{2}\right] - \left[-a + \frac{b}{2}\right] = 1\) oe or \(\frac{4}{2}(2a+2b)=1 \Rightarrow 4a+4b=1\) | A1* | cso |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\int_{-1}^{3} ax^2 + bx^3\,dx = \left[\frac{ax^3}{3} + \frac{bx^4}{4}\right]_{-1}^{3}\) | M1A1 | |
| \(\left[\frac{27a}{3} + \frac{81b}{4}\right] - \left[-\frac{a}{3} + \frac{b}{4}\right] = \frac{17}{5}\) | dM1 | |
| \(\frac{28}{3}a + 20\left(\frac{1-4a}{4}\right) = \frac{17}{5}\) | M1 A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(-\frac{32}{3}a = -\frac{8}{5}\) oe or \(\frac{28}{3}\left(\frac{1-4b}{4}\right) + 20b = \frac{17}{5}\) | M1 | |
| \(b = \frac{1-4\times0.15}{4} \Rightarrow b = 0.1\) | A1* | cso |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Correct trapezium graph from \(x=-1\) to \(x=3\), with \(f(-1)=0.05\) and \(f(3)=0.45\) | M1 A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] - \left[-\text{"0.15"} + \frac{0.1}{2}\right] = 0.2\) or \(\left[0.45 + \frac{0.9}{2}\right] - \left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] = 0.8\) | M1 | |
| or \(\frac{1}{2}(k+1)(0.05+0.1k+0.15)=0.2\) or \(\frac{1}{2}(3-k)(0.15+0.1k+0.45)=0.8\) | ||
| \(0.05k^2 + 0.15k - 0.1 = 0\) | A1 | |
| \(k = \frac{-0.15 \pm \sqrt{0.15^2 - 4\times0.05\times(-0.1)}}{2\times0.05}\) | M1 | |
| \(= 0.56155...\) awrt 0.562 | A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Attempt to integrate \(a + bx\) with either \(a \rightarrow ax\) or \(x \rightarrow x^2\) | M1 | Ignore limits; or trapezium drawn with parallel sides correct in terms of \(a\) and \(b\) (may be implied by correct area of trapezium) |
| Correct integration or correct area of trapezium | A1 | |
| Correct limits substituted or correct area equated to 1, leading to final given answer | A1\* | cso |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Attempt to integrate \(ax^2 + bx^3\) with either \(x^2 \rightarrow x^3\) or \(x^3 \rightarrow x^4\) | M1 | Ignore limits |
| Correct integration | A1 | |
| Substituting correct limits and equating to \(\frac{17}{5}\) | dM1 | Dependent on previous M1 |
| Substituting \(4b = 1 - 4a\) | M1 | oe |
| A correct equation | A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Solving equation in \(a\) of the form \(na = c\) where \(n \neq 1\), or a correct equation in terms of \(b\) | M1 | M0 for \(a = 0.15\) without working, or for using \(b = 0.1\) in \(4a + 4b = 1\) to find \(a\) |
| Correct unsimplified expression for \(b\) leading to given answer \(b = 0.1\) | A1\* | Must come from correct working |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Correct shape: straight line with positive gradient, above \(x\)-axis, between \(x = -1\) and \(x = 3\) | M1 | Ignore graph before \(-1\) and after \(3\) |
| Both correct \(x\)-axis labels \(-1\) and \(3\), and at least 1 correct \(y\)-axis label from \(0.05\), \(0.15\) or \(0.45\) | A1 | Ignore graph before \(-1\) and after \(3\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
| Correct equation using integration or area; need not be simplified | M1 | Use of limit \(k+1\) instead of \(k\) in integration is M0 |
| Correct 3-term quadratic | A1 | oe |
| Correct method to solve their 3-term quadratic, or awrt \(0.562\) or awrt \(-3.56\) | M1 | |
| awrt \(0.562\), i.e. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{2}\), with other solutions eliminated if given | A1 |
# Question 6:
## Part (a):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_{-1}^{3}(a+bx)\,dx [=1]$ or trapezium drawn | M1 | |
| $\left[ax + \frac{bx^2}{2}\right]_{-1}^{3} [=1]$ oe or $\frac{3-(-1)}{2}((a-b)+(a+3b))[=1]$ | A1 | |
| $\left[3a + \frac{9b}{2}\right] - \left[-a + \frac{b}{2}\right] = 1$ oe or $\frac{4}{2}(2a+2b)=1 \Rightarrow 4a+4b=1$ | A1* | cso |
## Part (b)(i):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_{-1}^{3} ax^2 + bx^3\,dx = \left[\frac{ax^3}{3} + \frac{bx^4}{4}\right]_{-1}^{3}$ | M1A1 | |
| $\left[\frac{27a}{3} + \frac{81b}{4}\right] - \left[-\frac{a}{3} + \frac{b}{4}\right] = \frac{17}{5}$ | dM1 | |
| $\frac{28}{3}a + 20\left(\frac{1-4a}{4}\right) = \frac{17}{5}$ | M1 A1 | |
## Part (b)(ii):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $-\frac{32}{3}a = -\frac{8}{5}$ oe or $\frac{28}{3}\left(\frac{1-4b}{4}\right) + 20b = \frac{17}{5}$ | M1 | |
| $b = \frac{1-4\times0.15}{4} \Rightarrow b = 0.1$ | A1* | cso |
## Part (c):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct trapezium graph from $x=-1$ to $x=3$, with $f(-1)=0.05$ and $f(3)=0.45$ | M1 A1 | |
## Part (d):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] - \left[-\text{"0.15"} + \frac{0.1}{2}\right] = 0.2$ or $\left[0.45 + \frac{0.9}{2}\right] - \left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] = 0.8$ | M1 | |
| or $\frac{1}{2}(k+1)(0.05+0.1k+0.15)=0.2$ or $\frac{1}{2}(3-k)(0.15+0.1k+0.45)=0.8$ | | |
| $0.05k^2 + 0.15k - 0.1 = 0$ | A1 | |
| $k = \frac{-0.15 \pm \sqrt{0.15^2 - 4\times0.05\times(-0.1)}}{2\times0.05}$ | M1 | |
| $= 0.56155...$ awrt **0.562** | A1 | |
# Mark Scheme Extraction
## Question (a):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempt to integrate $a + bx$ with either $a \rightarrow ax$ or $x \rightarrow x^2$ | **M1** | Ignore limits; or trapezium drawn with parallel sides correct in terms of $a$ and $b$ (may be implied by correct area of trapezium) |
| Correct integration or correct area of trapezium | **A1** | |
| Correct limits substituted or correct area equated to 1, leading to final given answer | **A1\*** | cso |
---
## Question (b)(i):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempt to integrate $ax^2 + bx^3$ with either $x^2 \rightarrow x^3$ or $x^3 \rightarrow x^4$ | **M1** | Ignore limits |
| Correct integration | **A1** | |
| Substituting correct limits and equating to $\frac{17}{5}$ | **dM1** | Dependent on previous M1 |
| Substituting $4b = 1 - 4a$ | **M1** | oe |
| A correct equation | **A1** | |
---
## Question (b)(ii):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Solving equation in $a$ of the form $na = c$ where $n \neq 1$, or a correct equation in terms of $b$ | **M1** | M0 for $a = 0.15$ without working, or for using $b = 0.1$ in $4a + 4b = 1$ to find $a$ |
| Correct unsimplified expression for $b$ leading to given answer $b = 0.1$ | **A1\*** | Must come from correct working |
---
## Question (c):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct shape: straight line with positive gradient, above $x$-axis, between $x = -1$ and $x = 3$ | **M1** | Ignore graph before $-1$ and after $3$ |
| Both correct $x$-axis labels $-1$ and $3$, and at least 1 correct $y$-axis label from $0.05$, $0.15$ or $0.45$ | **A1** | Ignore graph before $-1$ and after $3$ |
---
## Question (d):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct equation using integration or area; need not be simplified | **M1** | Use of limit $k+1$ instead of $k$ in integration is M0 |
| Correct 3-term quadratic | **A1** | oe |
| Correct method to solve their 3-term quadratic, or awrt $0.562$ or awrt $-3.56$ | **M1** | |
| awrt $0.562$, i.e. $\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{2}$, with other solutions eliminated if given | **A1** | |
6 In this question solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.\\
The continuous random variable $X$ has the following probability density function
$$f ( x ) = \begin{cases} a + b x & - 1 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$
where $a$ and $b$ are constants.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that $4 a + 4 b = 1$
Given that $\mathrm { E } \left( X ^ { 2 } \right) = \frac { 17 } { 5 }$
\item \begin{enumerate}[label=(\roman*)]
\item find an equation in terms of $a$ only
\item hence show that $b = 0.1$
\end{enumerate}\item Sketch the probability density function $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ of $X$
\item Find the value of $k$ for which $\mathrm { P } ( X \geqslant k ) = 0.8$
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel S2 2024 Q6 [16]}}