Edexcel S2 2024 June — Question 6 16 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleS2 (Statistics 2)
Year2024
SessionJune
Marks16
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicContinuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables
TypePDF with multiple constants
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard S2 PDF question requiring integration to find constants using two conditions (total probability = 1 and given E(X²)). The steps are routine: integrate linear function, solve simultaneous equations, sketch, and find a probability threshold. While multi-part with several marks, it follows a predictable template with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03b Solve problems: using pdf5.03c Calculate mean/variance: by integration5.03e Find cdf: by integration

6 In this question solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
The continuous random variable \(X\) has the following probability density function $$f ( x ) = \begin{cases} a + b x & - 1 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$ where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants.
  1. Show that \(4 a + 4 b = 1\) Given that \(\mathrm { E } \left( X ^ { 2 } \right) = \frac { 17 } { 5 }\)
    1. find an equation in terms of \(a\) only
    2. hence show that \(b = 0.1\)
  2. Sketch the probability density function \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) of \(X\)
  3. Find the value of \(k\) for which \(\mathrm { P } ( X \geqslant k ) = 0.8\)

Question 6:
Part (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
\(\int_{-1}^{3}(a+bx)\,dx [=1]\) or trapezium drawnM1
\(\left[ax + \frac{bx^2}{2}\right]_{-1}^{3} [=1]\) oe or \(\frac{3-(-1)}{2}((a-b)+(a+3b))[=1]\)A1
\(\left[3a + \frac{9b}{2}\right] - \left[-a + \frac{b}{2}\right] = 1\) oe or \(\frac{4}{2}(2a+2b)=1 \Rightarrow 4a+4b=1\)A1* cso
Part (b)(i):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
\(\int_{-1}^{3} ax^2 + bx^3\,dx = \left[\frac{ax^3}{3} + \frac{bx^4}{4}\right]_{-1}^{3}\)M1A1
\(\left[\frac{27a}{3} + \frac{81b}{4}\right] - \left[-\frac{a}{3} + \frac{b}{4}\right] = \frac{17}{5}\)dM1
\(\frac{28}{3}a + 20\left(\frac{1-4a}{4}\right) = \frac{17}{5}\)M1 A1
Part (b)(ii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
\(-\frac{32}{3}a = -\frac{8}{5}\) oe or \(\frac{28}{3}\left(\frac{1-4b}{4}\right) + 20b = \frac{17}{5}\)M1
\(b = \frac{1-4\times0.15}{4} \Rightarrow b = 0.1\)A1* cso
Part (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Correct trapezium graph from \(x=-1\) to \(x=3\), with \(f(-1)=0.05\) and \(f(3)=0.45\)M1 A1
Part (d):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
\(\left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] - \left[-\text{"0.15"} + \frac{0.1}{2}\right] = 0.2\) or \(\left[0.45 + \frac{0.9}{2}\right] - \left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] = 0.8\)M1
or \(\frac{1}{2}(k+1)(0.05+0.1k+0.15)=0.2\) or \(\frac{1}{2}(3-k)(0.15+0.1k+0.45)=0.8\)
\(0.05k^2 + 0.15k - 0.1 = 0\)A1
\(k = \frac{-0.15 \pm \sqrt{0.15^2 - 4\times0.05\times(-0.1)}}{2\times0.05}\)M1
\(= 0.56155...\) awrt 0.562A1
Mark Scheme Extraction
Question (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Attempt to integrate \(a + bx\) with either \(a \rightarrow ax\) or \(x \rightarrow x^2\)M1 Ignore limits; or trapezium drawn with parallel sides correct in terms of \(a\) and \(b\) (may be implied by correct area of trapezium)
Correct integration or correct area of trapeziumA1
Correct limits substituted or correct area equated to 1, leading to final given answerA1\* cso
Question (b)(i):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Attempt to integrate \(ax^2 + bx^3\) with either \(x^2 \rightarrow x^3\) or \(x^3 \rightarrow x^4\)M1 Ignore limits
Correct integrationA1
Substituting correct limits and equating to \(\frac{17}{5}\)dM1 Dependent on previous M1
Substituting \(4b = 1 - 4a\)M1 oe
A correct equationA1
Question (b)(ii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Solving equation in \(a\) of the form \(na = c\) where \(n \neq 1\), or a correct equation in terms of \(b\)M1 M0 for \(a = 0.15\) without working, or for using \(b = 0.1\) in \(4a + 4b = 1\) to find \(a\)
Correct unsimplified expression for \(b\) leading to given answer \(b = 0.1\)A1\* Must come from correct working
Question (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Correct shape: straight line with positive gradient, above \(x\)-axis, between \(x = -1\) and \(x = 3\)M1 Ignore graph before \(-1\) and after \(3\)
Both correct \(x\)-axis labels \(-1\) and \(3\), and at least 1 correct \(y\)-axis label from \(0.05\), \(0.15\) or \(0.45\)A1 Ignore graph before \(-1\) and after \(3\)
Question (d):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMark Guidance
Correct equation using integration or area; need not be simplifiedM1 Use of limit \(k+1\) instead of \(k\) in integration is M0
Correct 3-term quadraticA1 oe
Correct method to solve their 3-term quadratic, or awrt \(0.562\) or awrt \(-3.56\)M1
awrt \(0.562\), i.e. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{2}\), with other solutions eliminated if givenA1
# Question 6:

## Part (a):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_{-1}^{3}(a+bx)\,dx [=1]$ or trapezium drawn | M1 | |
| $\left[ax + \frac{bx^2}{2}\right]_{-1}^{3} [=1]$ oe or $\frac{3-(-1)}{2}((a-b)+(a+3b))[=1]$ | A1 | |
| $\left[3a + \frac{9b}{2}\right] - \left[-a + \frac{b}{2}\right] = 1$ oe or $\frac{4}{2}(2a+2b)=1 \Rightarrow 4a+4b=1$ | A1* | cso |

## Part (b)(i):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_{-1}^{3} ax^2 + bx^3\,dx = \left[\frac{ax^3}{3} + \frac{bx^4}{4}\right]_{-1}^{3}$ | M1A1 | |
| $\left[\frac{27a}{3} + \frac{81b}{4}\right] - \left[-\frac{a}{3} + \frac{b}{4}\right] = \frac{17}{5}$ | dM1 | |
| $\frac{28}{3}a + 20\left(\frac{1-4a}{4}\right) = \frac{17}{5}$ | M1 A1 | |

## Part (b)(ii):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $-\frac{32}{3}a = -\frac{8}{5}$ oe or $\frac{28}{3}\left(\frac{1-4b}{4}\right) + 20b = \frac{17}{5}$ | M1 | |
| $b = \frac{1-4\times0.15}{4} \Rightarrow b = 0.1$ | A1* | cso |

## Part (c):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct trapezium graph from $x=-1$ to $x=3$, with $f(-1)=0.05$ and $f(3)=0.45$ | M1 A1 | |

## Part (d):
| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] - \left[-\text{"0.15"} + \frac{0.1}{2}\right] = 0.2$ or $\left[0.45 + \frac{0.9}{2}\right] - \left[\text{"0.15"}k + \frac{0.1k^2}{2}\right] = 0.8$ | M1 | |
| or $\frac{1}{2}(k+1)(0.05+0.1k+0.15)=0.2$ or $\frac{1}{2}(3-k)(0.15+0.1k+0.45)=0.8$ | | |
| $0.05k^2 + 0.15k - 0.1 = 0$ | A1 | |
| $k = \frac{-0.15 \pm \sqrt{0.15^2 - 4\times0.05\times(-0.1)}}{2\times0.05}$ | M1 | |
| $= 0.56155...$ awrt **0.562** | A1 | |

# Mark Scheme Extraction

## Question (a):

| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempt to integrate $a + bx$ with either $a \rightarrow ax$ or $x \rightarrow x^2$ | **M1** | Ignore limits; or trapezium drawn with parallel sides correct in terms of $a$ and $b$ (may be implied by correct area of trapezium) |
| Correct integration or correct area of trapezium | **A1** | |
| Correct limits substituted or correct area equated to 1, leading to final given answer | **A1\*** | cso |

---

## Question (b)(i):

| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempt to integrate $ax^2 + bx^3$ with either $x^2 \rightarrow x^3$ or $x^3 \rightarrow x^4$ | **M1** | Ignore limits |
| Correct integration | **A1** | |
| Substituting correct limits and equating to $\frac{17}{5}$ | **dM1** | Dependent on previous M1 |
| Substituting $4b = 1 - 4a$ | **M1** | oe |
| A correct equation | **A1** | |

---

## Question (b)(ii):

| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Solving equation in $a$ of the form $na = c$ where $n \neq 1$, or a correct equation in terms of $b$ | **M1** | M0 for $a = 0.15$ without working, or for using $b = 0.1$ in $4a + 4b = 1$ to find $a$ |
| Correct unsimplified expression for $b$ leading to given answer $b = 0.1$ | **A1\*** | Must come from correct working |

---

## Question (c):

| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct shape: straight line with positive gradient, above $x$-axis, between $x = -1$ and $x = 3$ | **M1** | Ignore graph before $-1$ and after $3$ |
| Both correct $x$-axis labels $-1$ and $3$, and at least 1 correct $y$-axis label from $0.05$, $0.15$ or $0.45$ | **A1** | Ignore graph before $-1$ and after $3$ |

---

## Question (d):

| Working/Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct equation using integration or area; need not be simplified | **M1** | Use of limit $k+1$ instead of $k$ in integration is M0 |
| Correct 3-term quadratic | **A1** | oe |
| Correct method to solve their 3-term quadratic, or awrt $0.562$ or awrt $-3.56$ | **M1** | |
| awrt $0.562$, i.e. $\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{2}$, with other solutions eliminated if given | **A1** | |
6 In this question solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.\\
The continuous random variable $X$ has the following probability density function

$$f ( x ) = \begin{cases} a + b x & - 1 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$

where $a$ and $b$ are constants.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that $4 a + 4 b = 1$

Given that $\mathrm { E } \left( X ^ { 2 } \right) = \frac { 17 } { 5 }$
\item \begin{enumerate}[label=(\roman*)]
\item find an equation in terms of $a$ only
\item hence show that $b = 0.1$
\end{enumerate}\item Sketch the probability density function $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ of $X$
\item Find the value of $k$ for which $\mathrm { P } ( X \geqslant k ) = 0.8$
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel S2 2024 Q6 [16]}}