CAIE FP1 2014 June — Question 10 10 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleFP1 (Further Pure Mathematics 1)
Year2014
SessionJune
Marks10
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicReduction Formulae
TypeMethod of differences
DifficultyChallenging +1.8 This is a challenging Further Maths reduction formula question requiring multiple sophisticated techniques: establishing the difference formula using sin²x = 1 - cos²x, manipulating the integral, then applying method of differences (telescoping) over multiple terms to reach a specific numerical result involving both logarithmic and surd forms. The algebraic manipulation and bookkeeping across several iterations elevates this above standard reduction formula exercises.
Spec1.08i Integration by parts4.08c Improper integrals: infinite limits or discontinuous integrands8.06a Reduction formulae: establish, use, and evaluate recursively

10 It is given that \(I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 2 n } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x\), where \(n \geqslant 0\). Show that $$I _ { n } - I _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 2 ^ { - \left( n + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \right) } } { 2 n + 1 }$$ Hence show that \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 6 } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x = \ln ( 1 + \sqrt { } 2 ) - \frac { 73 } { 120 } \sqrt { } 2\).

Question 10:
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Notes
\(I_{n+1} = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\frac{\sin^{2n+2}x}{\cos x}\,dx\)B1 LR
\(I_{n+1} = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\frac{(1-\cos^2 x)\sin^{2n}x}{\cos x}\,dx\)M1 LR
\(= I_n - \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\cos x\sin^{2n}x\,dx\)A1
\(= I_n - \left[\frac{\sin^{2n+1}x}{2n+1}\right]_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\)M1
\(\Rightarrow I_n - I_{n+1} = \frac{2^{-(n+\frac{1}{2})}}{2n+1}\)A1 [5] AG
\(I_0 = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\sec x\,dx = \left[\ln\sec x + \tan x \right]_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi} = \ln(1+\sqrt{2})\)
\(I_1 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)M1
\(I_2 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{6\sqrt{2}}\)A1
\(I_3 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{6\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{20\sqrt{2}} = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{73\sqrt{2}}{120}\)A1 [5] AG
# Question 10:

| Answer/Working | Mark | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| $I_{n+1} = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\frac{\sin^{2n+2}x}{\cos x}\,dx$ | B1 | LR |
| $I_{n+1} = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\frac{(1-\cos^2 x)\sin^{2n}x}{\cos x}\,dx$ | M1 | LR |
| $= I_n - \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\cos x\sin^{2n}x\,dx$ | A1 | |
| $= I_n - \left[\frac{\sin^{2n+1}x}{2n+1}\right]_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}$ | M1 | |
| $\Rightarrow I_n - I_{n+1} = \frac{2^{-(n+\frac{1}{2})}}{2n+1}$ | A1 [5] | AG |
| $I_0 = \int_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi}\sec x\,dx = \left[\ln|\sec x + \tan x|\right]_0^{\frac{1}{4}\pi} = \ln(1+\sqrt{2})$ | M1A1 | |
| $I_1 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ | M1 | |
| $I_2 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{6\sqrt{2}}$ | A1 | |
| $I_3 = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{6\sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{20\sqrt{2}} = \ln(1+\sqrt{2}) - \frac{73\sqrt{2}}{120}$ | A1 [5] | AG |

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10 It is given that $I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 2 n } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x$, where $n \geqslant 0$. Show that

$$I _ { n } - I _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 2 ^ { - \left( n + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \right) } } { 2 n + 1 }$$

Hence show that $\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi } \frac { \sin ^ { 6 } x } { \cos x } \mathrm {~d} x = \ln ( 1 + \sqrt { } 2 ) - \frac { 73 } { 120 } \sqrt { } 2$.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE FP1 2014 Q10 [10]}}