CAIE P3 2014 June — Question 5 7 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleP3 (Pure Mathematics 3)
Year2014
SessionJune
Marks7
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicFirst order differential equations (integrating factor)
TypeSeparable variables
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward separable variables question requiring standard technique: separate variables, integrate both sides (using substitution for the right side and a standard trigonometric identity for the left), then apply initial conditions. While it involves multiple steps and careful algebraic manipulation, it follows a completely standard pattern with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec1.08k Separable differential equations: dy/dx = f(x)g(y)

5 The variables \(x\) and \(\theta\) satisfy the differential equation $$2 \cos ^ { 2 } \theta \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} \theta } = \sqrt { } ( 2 x + 1 )$$ and \(x = 0\) when \(\theta = \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi\). Solve the differential equation and obtain an expression for \(x\) in terms of \(\theta\).

AnswerMarks Guidance
Separate variables correctly and attempt integration of at least one sideB1
Obtain term in the form \(a\sqrt{(2x + 1)}\)M1
Express \(1/(\cos^2 \theta)\) as \(\sec^2 \theta\)B1
Obtain term of the form \(k \tan \theta\)M1
Evaluate a constant, or use limits \(x = 0, \theta = \frac{1}{4}\pi\) in a solution with terms \(a\sqrt{(2x+1)}\) and \(k \tan \theta\), \(ak \neq 0\)M1
Obtain correct solution in any form, e.g. \(\sqrt{(2x+1)} = \frac{1}{3}\tan \theta + \frac{1}{3}\)A1
Rearrange and obtain \(x = \frac{1}{4}(\tan \theta + 1)^2 - \frac{1}{2}\), or equivalentA1 7 marks
Separate variables correctly and attempt integration of at least one side | B1 |
Obtain term in the form $a\sqrt{(2x + 1)}$ | M1 |
Express $1/(\cos^2 \theta)$ as $\sec^2 \theta$ | B1 |
Obtain term of the form $k \tan \theta$ | M1 |
Evaluate a constant, or use limits $x = 0, \theta = \frac{1}{4}\pi$ in a solution with terms $a\sqrt{(2x+1)}$ and $k \tan \theta$, $ak \neq 0$ | M1 |
Obtain correct solution in any form, e.g. $\sqrt{(2x+1)} = \frac{1}{3}\tan \theta + \frac{1}{3}$ | A1 |
Rearrange and obtain $x = \frac{1}{4}(\tan \theta + 1)^2 - \frac{1}{2}$, or equivalent | A1 | 7 marks
5 The variables $x$ and $\theta$ satisfy the differential equation

$$2 \cos ^ { 2 } \theta \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} \theta } = \sqrt { } ( 2 x + 1 )$$

and $x = 0$ when $\theta = \frac { 1 } { 4 } \pi$. Solve the differential equation and obtain an expression for $x$ in terms of $\theta$.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P3 2014 Q5 [7]}}