OCR S2 2008 January — Question 7 13 marks

Exam BoardOCR
ModuleS2 (Statistics 2)
Year2008
SessionJanuary
Marks13
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicContinuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables
TypeSingle-piece PDF with k
DifficultyModerate -0.3 This is a standard S2 probability density function question covering routine techniques: finding k by integration, sketching linear pdf, calculating E(X) and Var(X) using standard formulas, and applying translation properties. All parts follow textbook procedures with no novel problem-solving required, making it slightly easier than average but not trivial due to the multi-part nature and need for careful integration.
Spec5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03b Solve problems: using pdf5.03c Calculate mean/variance: by integration

7 A continuous random variable \(X _ { 1 }\) has probability density function given by $$f ( x ) = \begin{cases} k x & 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$ where \(k\) is a constant.
  1. Show that \(k = \frac { 1 } { 2 }\).
  2. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Find \(\mathrm { E } \left( X _ { 1 } \right)\) and \(\operatorname { Var } \left( X _ { 1 } \right)\).
  4. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 1 )\).
  5. The continuous random variable \(X _ { 2 }\) has probability density function \(\mathrm { f } ( x - 1 )\) for all \(x\). Write down the values of \(\mathrm { E } \left( X _ { 2 } \right)\) and \(\operatorname { Var } \left( X _ { 2 } \right)\).

Question 7:
Part (i)
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
\(\int_0^2 kx\,dx = \left[\dfrac{kx^2}{2}\right]_0^2 = 2k = 1\), so \(k = \tfrac{1}{2}\)M1, A1 2 Use \(\int_0^2 kx\,dx = 1\), or area of triangle; Correctly obtain \(k = \tfrac{1}{2}\) AG
Part (ii)
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
Sketch: straight line, positive gradient, through origin, truncated at \(x=2\)B1, B1 2 Straight line, positive gradient, through origin; Correct, some evidence of truncation, no need for vertical
Part (iii)
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
\(\int_0^2 \tfrac{1}{2}x^2\,dx = \left[\tfrac{1}{6}x^3\right]_0^2 = \tfrac{4}{3}\)M1, A1 Use \(\int_0^2 kx^2\,dx\); \(\tfrac{4}{3}\) seen or implied
\(\int_0^2 \tfrac{1}{2}x^3\,dx = \left[\tfrac{1}{8}x^4\right]_0^2 = 2\)M1, M1 Use \(\int_0^2 kx^3\,dx\); subtract their mean\(^2\)
\(2 - \left(\tfrac{4}{3}\right)^2 = \tfrac{2}{9}\)A1 5 Answer \(\tfrac{2}{9}\) or a.r.t. 0.222, c.a.o.
Part (iv)
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
Graph translated one unit to right; 1 and 3 indicated on axisM1, A1\(\sqrt{}\) 2 Translate horizontally, allow stated, or "1, 2" on axis; One unit to right, 1 and 3 indicated, nothing wrong seen, no need for vertical or emphasised zero bits. [If in doubt as to \(\rightarrow\) or \(\downarrow\), M0]
Part (v)
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMark Guidance
Mean \(= \tfrac{7}{3}\), Variance \(= \tfrac{2}{9}\)B1\(\sqrt{}\), B1\(\sqrt{}\) 2 Previous mean \(+1\); Previous variance. [If in doubt as to \(\rightarrow\) or \(\downarrow\), B1B1 in this part]
# Question 7:

## Part (i)
| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| $\int_0^2 kx\,dx = \left[\dfrac{kx^2}{2}\right]_0^2 = 2k = 1$, so $k = \tfrac{1}{2}$ | M1, A1 **2** | Use $\int_0^2 kx\,dx = 1$, or area of triangle; Correctly obtain $k = \tfrac{1}{2}$ **AG** |

## Part (ii)
| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| Sketch: straight line, positive gradient, through origin, truncated at $x=2$ | B1, B1 **2** | Straight line, positive gradient, through origin; Correct, some evidence of truncation, no need for vertical |

## Part (iii)
| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| $\int_0^2 \tfrac{1}{2}x^2\,dx = \left[\tfrac{1}{6}x^3\right]_0^2 = \tfrac{4}{3}$ | M1, A1 | Use $\int_0^2 kx^2\,dx$; $\tfrac{4}{3}$ seen or implied |
| $\int_0^2 \tfrac{1}{2}x^3\,dx = \left[\tfrac{1}{8}x^4\right]_0^2 = 2$ | M1, M1 | Use $\int_0^2 kx^3\,dx$; subtract their mean$^2$ |
| $2 - \left(\tfrac{4}{3}\right)^2 = \tfrac{2}{9}$ | A1 **5** | Answer $\tfrac{2}{9}$ or a.r.t. 0.222, c.a.o. |

## Part (iv)
| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| Graph translated one unit to right; 1 and 3 indicated on axis | M1, A1$\sqrt{}$ **2** | Translate horizontally, allow stated, or "1, 2" on axis; One unit to right, 1 and 3 indicated, nothing wrong seen, no need for vertical or emphasised zero bits. [If in doubt as to $\rightarrow$ or $\downarrow$, M0] |

## Part (v)
| Answer | Mark | Guidance |
|--------|------|----------|
| Mean $= \tfrac{7}{3}$, Variance $= \tfrac{2}{9}$ | B1$\sqrt{}$, B1$\sqrt{}$ **2** | Previous mean $+1$; Previous variance. [If in doubt as to $\rightarrow$ or $\downarrow$, B1B1 in this part] |

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7 A continuous random variable $X _ { 1 }$ has probability density function given by

$$f ( x ) = \begin{cases} k x & 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$

where $k$ is a constant.\\
(i) Show that $k = \frac { 1 } { 2 }$.\\
(ii) Sketch the graph of $y = \mathrm { f } ( x )$.\\
(iii) Find $\mathrm { E } \left( X _ { 1 } \right)$ and $\operatorname { Var } \left( X _ { 1 } \right)$.\\
(iv) Sketch the graph of $y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 1 )$.\\
(v) The continuous random variable $X _ { 2 }$ has probability density function $\mathrm { f } ( x - 1 )$ for all $x$. Write down the values of $\mathrm { E } \left( X _ { 2 } \right)$ and $\operatorname { Var } \left( X _ { 2 } \right)$.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR S2 2008 Q7 [13]}}