A point \(O\) is situated a distance \(h\) above a smooth horizontal plane, and a particle \(A\) of mass \(m\) is attached to \(O\) by a light inextensible string of length \(h\). A particle \(B\) of mass \(2m\) is at rest on the plane, directly below \(O\), and is attached to a point \(C\) on the plane, where \(BC = l\), by a light inextensible string of length \(l\). \(A\) is released from rest with the string \(OA\) taut and making an acute angle \(\theta\) with the downward vertical (see diagram).
\includegraphics{figure_8}
\(A\) moves in a vertical plane perpendicular to \(CB\) and collides directly with \(B\). As a result of this collision, \(A\) is brought to rest and \(B\) moves on the plane in a horizontal circle with centre \(C\). After \(B\) has made one complete revolution the particles collide again.
- Show that, on the next occasion that \(A\) comes to rest, the string \(OA\) makes an angle \(\phi\) with the downward vertical through \(O\), where \(\cos \phi = \frac{3 + \cos \theta}{4}\). [9]
\(A\) and \(B\) collide again when \(AO\) is next vertical.
- Find the percentage of the original energy of the system that remains immediately after this collision. [5]
- Explain why the total momentum of the particles immediately before the first collision is the same as the total momentum of the particles immediately after the second collision. [1]
- Explain why the total momentum of the particles immediately before the first collision is different from the total momentum of the particles immediately after the third collision. [1]