| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | P3 (Pure Mathematics 3) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Session | October |
| Marks | 9 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Modulus function |
| Type | Solve equation involving |f(x)| and g(x) |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a straightforward modulus function question requiring standard techniques: identifying domain restrictions, finding intercepts, and solving a modulus inequality by considering two cases. While it involves logarithms and requires careful algebraic manipulation, all steps follow routine procedures taught in P3 with no novel problem-solving required. Slightly easier than average due to the structured parts guiding students through the solution. |
| Spec | 1.02g Inequalities: linear and quadratic in single variable1.02l Modulus function: notation, relations, equations and inequalities1.06d Natural logarithm: ln(x) function and properties1.06f Laws of logarithms: addition, subtraction, power rules |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
| \(k = -1\) | B1 | Accept \(x=-1\) or \(x>-1\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
| \(f(0) = | 2-4\ln(0+1) | = 2-0 = 2\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
| \(0 = 2-4\ln(x+1) \Rightarrow \ln(x+1) = \dfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow x = e^p + q\) | M1 | Rearranges to \(x=\ldots\) of correct form \(e^p+q,\ q\neq 0\); may be implied by awrt 0.65 |
| \(x = e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1\) | A1 | Accept \(\sqrt{e}-1\) or \(e^{\frac{2}{4}}-1\); may be seen as coordinate pair |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
| \(2-4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots\) or \(-2+4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots\) | M1 | Forms one valid equation with modulus removed; accept \(>\) or \(<\) instead of \(=\) for M |
| Both equations attempted to achieve values via \(\ln(x+1)=\ldots\) | dM1 | Both equations attempted; suitable attempt to undo ln; allow error with base |
| CVs \(e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1,\ e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1\) | A1 | Both exact; decimals are \(-0.221\) and \(2.49\) to 3 s.f. |
| \(\text{"}{{-1}\text{"}} < x < e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1\) or \(x > e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1\) | ddM1A1ft | ddM1: Chooses outside region; dependent on both previous M marks; requires two distinct critical values. A1ft: Must be exact; allow "and" instead of "or"; use of \(\cap\) in set notation is A0 |
# Question 9:
## Part (a):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $k = -1$ | B1 | Accept $x=-1$ or $x>-1$ |
## Part (b)(i):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $f(0) = |2-4\ln(0+1)| = 2-0 = 2$ | B1 | Accept as $y$ coordinate; may be identified as $y$ or $f(0)$ or $(0,2)$ |
## Part (b)(ii):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $0 = 2-4\ln(x+1) \Rightarrow \ln(x+1) = \dfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow x = e^p + q$ | M1 | Rearranges to $x=\ldots$ of correct form $e^p+q,\ q\neq 0$; may be implied by awrt 0.65 |
| $x = e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1$ | A1 | Accept $\sqrt{e}-1$ or $e^{\frac{2}{4}}-1$; may be seen as coordinate pair |
## Part (c):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $2-4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots$ or $-2+4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots$ | M1 | Forms one valid equation with modulus removed; accept $>$ or $<$ instead of $=$ for M |
| Both equations attempted to achieve values via $\ln(x+1)=\ldots$ | dM1 | Both equations attempted; suitable attempt to undo ln; allow error with base |
| CVs $e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1,\ e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1$ | A1 | Both exact; decimals are $-0.221$ and $2.49$ to 3 s.f. |
| $\text{"}{{-1}\text{"}} < x < e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1$ or $x > e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1$ | ddM1A1ft | ddM1: Chooses outside region; dependent on both previous M marks; requires two distinct critical values. A1ft: Must be exact; allow "and" instead of "or"; use of $\cap$ in set notation is A0 |
\begin{enumerate}
\item In this question you must show all stages of your working.
\end{enumerate}
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{08291ac1-bdd4-4241-8959-7c89318fa5eb-26_613_729_386_667}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with equation
$$y = | 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | \quad x > k$$
where $k$ is a constant.\\
Given that the curve
\begin{itemize}
\item has an asymptote at $x = k$
\item cuts the $y$-axis at point $A$
\item meets the $x$-axis at point $B$\\
as shown in Figure 2,\\
(a) state the value of $k$\\
(b) (i) find the $y$ coordinate of $A$\\
(ii) find the exact $x$ coordinate of $B$\\
(c) Using algebra and showing your working, find the set of values of $x$ such that
\end{itemize}
$$| 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | > 3$$
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P3 2023 Q9 [9]}}