Edexcel P3 2023 October — Question 9 9 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleP3 (Pure Mathematics 3)
Year2023
SessionOctober
Marks9
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicModulus function
TypeSolve equation involving |f(x)| and g(x)
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a straightforward modulus function question requiring standard techniques: identifying domain restrictions, finding intercepts, and solving a modulus inequality by considering two cases. While it involves logarithms and requires careful algebraic manipulation, all steps follow routine procedures taught in P3 with no novel problem-solving required. Slightly easier than average due to the structured parts guiding students through the solution.
Spec1.02g Inequalities: linear and quadratic in single variable1.02l Modulus function: notation, relations, equations and inequalities1.06d Natural logarithm: ln(x) function and properties1.06f Laws of logarithms: addition, subtraction, power rules

  1. In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{08291ac1-bdd4-4241-8959-7c89318fa5eb-26_613_729_386_667} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
\end{figure} Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with equation $$y = | 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | \quad x > k$$ where \(k\) is a constant.
Given that the curve
  • has an asymptote at \(x = k\)
  • cuts the \(y\)-axis at point \(A\)
  • meets the \(x\)-axis at point \(B\) as shown in Figure 2,
    1. state the value of \(k\)
      1. find the \(y\) coordinate of \(A\)
      2. find the exact \(x\) coordinate of \(B\)
    2. Using algebra and showing your working, find the set of values of \(x\) such that
$$| 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | > 3$$

Question 9:
Part (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
\(k = -1\)B1 Accept \(x=-1\) or \(x>-1\)
Part (b)(i):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
\(f(0) =2-4\ln(0+1) = 2-0 = 2\)
Part (b)(ii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
\(0 = 2-4\ln(x+1) \Rightarrow \ln(x+1) = \dfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow x = e^p + q\)M1 Rearranges to \(x=\ldots\) of correct form \(e^p+q,\ q\neq 0\); may be implied by awrt 0.65
\(x = e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1\)A1 Accept \(\sqrt{e}-1\) or \(e^{\frac{2}{4}}-1\); may be seen as coordinate pair
Part (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
\(2-4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots\) or \(-2+4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots\)M1 Forms one valid equation with modulus removed; accept \(>\) or \(<\) instead of \(=\) for M
Both equations attempted to achieve values via \(\ln(x+1)=\ldots\)dM1 Both equations attempted; suitable attempt to undo ln; allow error with base
CVs \(e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1,\ e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1\)A1 Both exact; decimals are \(-0.221\) and \(2.49\) to 3 s.f.
\(\text{"}{{-1}\text{"}} < x < e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1\) or \(x > e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1\)ddM1A1ft ddM1: Chooses outside region; dependent on both previous M marks; requires two distinct critical values. A1ft: Must be exact; allow "and" instead of "or"; use of \(\cap\) in set notation is A0
# Question 9:

## Part (a):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $k = -1$ | B1 | Accept $x=-1$ or $x>-1$ |

## Part (b)(i):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $f(0) = |2-4\ln(0+1)| = 2-0 = 2$ | B1 | Accept as $y$ coordinate; may be identified as $y$ or $f(0)$ or $(0,2)$ |

## Part (b)(ii):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $0 = 2-4\ln(x+1) \Rightarrow \ln(x+1) = \dfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow x = e^p + q$ | M1 | Rearranges to $x=\ldots$ of correct form $e^p+q,\ q\neq 0$; may be implied by awrt 0.65 |
| $x = e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1$ | A1 | Accept $\sqrt{e}-1$ or $e^{\frac{2}{4}}-1$; may be seen as coordinate pair |

## Part (c):
| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $2-4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots$ or $-2+4\ln(x+1)=3 \Rightarrow \ln(x+1)=\ldots$ | M1 | Forms one valid equation with modulus removed; accept $>$ or $<$ instead of $=$ for M |
| Both equations attempted to achieve values via $\ln(x+1)=\ldots$ | dM1 | Both equations attempted; suitable attempt to undo ln; allow error with base |
| CVs $e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1,\ e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1$ | A1 | Both exact; decimals are $-0.221$ and $2.49$ to 3 s.f. |
| $\text{"}{{-1}\text{"}} < x < e^{-\frac{1}{4}}-1$ or $x > e^{\frac{5}{4}}-1$ | ddM1A1ft | ddM1: Chooses outside region; dependent on both previous M marks; requires two distinct critical values. A1ft: Must be exact; allow "and" instead of "or"; use of $\cap$ in set notation is A0 |
\begin{enumerate}
  \item In this question you must show all stages of your working.
\end{enumerate}

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{08291ac1-bdd4-4241-8959-7c89318fa5eb-26_613_729_386_667}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with equation

$$y = | 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | \quad x > k$$

where $k$ is a constant.\\
Given that the curve

\begin{itemize}
  \item has an asymptote at $x = k$
  \item cuts the $y$-axis at point $A$
  \item meets the $x$-axis at point $B$\\
as shown in Figure 2,\\
(a) state the value of $k$\\
(b) (i) find the $y$ coordinate of $A$\\
(ii) find the exact $x$ coordinate of $B$\\
(c) Using algebra and showing your working, find the set of values of $x$ such that
\end{itemize}

$$| 2 - 4 \ln ( x + 1 ) | > 3$$

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P3 2023 Q9 [9]}}