| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | P2 (Pure Mathematics 2) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Session | January |
| Marks | 10 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Areas Between Curves |
| Type | Geometric Transformation Area |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard P2 integration question requiring finding intersection points, setting up and evaluating a definite integral for area between curves, and solving an equation involving areas. Part (a) is routine algebra, part (b) is straightforward integration with algebraic simplification (though the 'show that' requires careful working), and part (c) involves recognizing that the total area under the parabola can be used to find m. All techniques are standard for P2 with no novel insights required, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 1.08e Area between curve and x-axis: using definite integrals1.08f Area between two curves: using integration |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(mx = x-x^2 \Rightarrow m=1-x \Rightarrow x=\ldots\) or \(y=\frac{y}{m}-\frac{y^2}{m^2} \Rightarrow m^2=m-y \Rightarrow y=\ldots\) | M1 | Attempts to eliminate either \(x\) or \(y\) and factors/cancels to get a linear equation and solve |
| \(x=1-m\) and \(y=m(1-m)\) | A1 | Both correct |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\int x-x^2(-mx)\,dx = \frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{x^3}{3}\left(-m\frac{x^2}{2}\right)\) | M1 | \(x^n \to x^{n+1}\) in at least one term |
| Area of \(R_1 = \int_0^{1-m}\{x-x^2(-mx)\}\,dx = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}-\frac{(1-m)^3}{3}\left(-m\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}\right)-0\) | M1 | Uses limits \(1-m\) and \(0\); subtracts (condone omission of \(-0\)) |
| Correct expression in \(m\) with/without area under line subtracted | A1 | |
| Area of \(R_1 = \int_0^{1-m}\{x-x^2-mx\}\,dx = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m)-\frac{(1-m)^3}{3}(-0)\) | dM1 | Correct strategy for area (may be scored for finding separate areas and subtracting) |
| \(= \frac{(1-m)^3}{6}\) | A1* | Correct expression |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Area of \((R_1+R_2)=\int_0^1(x-x^2)\,dx = \left[\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{x^3}{3}\right]_0^1 = \frac{1}{6}\) | M1 | Correct method for finding area of \(R_1+R_2\), or correct method for finding area of \(R_2\) |
| \(R_1=R_2 \Rightarrow \frac{(1-m)^3}{6}=\frac{1}{12} \Rightarrow m=\ldots\) | dM1 | Sets up correct equation using answer to part (b) and solves for \(m\) |
| \(m = 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}\) | A1 | Correct exact value in any form |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Attempts to integrate equation for curve \(C\) to find area | M1 | May be part of integrating a difference of curve and line, or done separately |
| Applies limits of 0 and \(x\) from (a) (in terms of \(m\)) to integral, subtracts correct way round | M1 | May or may not include line at this point |
| \(\text{Area} = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m) - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3}(-0)\) | A1 | Correct expression in \(m\) for area under \(C\) between 0 and \(1-m\) |
| Correct overall strategy for area; for line use \(\frac{1}{2} \times x \times y\) from part (a) | dM1 | Depends on previous M; curve minus line, or separate areas minus triangle |
| Fully correct work reaching expression of form \(\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m) - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3}\) with \((1-m)^3\) terms before final answer | A1 | Going from \(= \frac{(1-m)^2}{2} - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3} - m\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}\) to given answer with no intermediate step is A0 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Correct method for finding area of \(R_1 + R_2\); integral of \(C\) with limits 0 to 1; allow \(\frac{1}{6}\) from correctly set up integral if integration not shown | M1 | Alternatively: correct method for area of \(R_2\), integral of \(C\) from \(1-m\) to 1 with triangle area added |
| Sets up correct equation using answer to part (b), reaches value for \(m\) | dM1 | — |
| \(m = 1 - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}\) | A1 | Correct exact value in any form |
## Question 9(a):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $mx = x-x^2 \Rightarrow m=1-x \Rightarrow x=\ldots$ or $y=\frac{y}{m}-\frac{y^2}{m^2} \Rightarrow m^2=m-y \Rightarrow y=\ldots$ | M1 | Attempts to eliminate either $x$ or $y$ and factors/cancels to get a linear equation and solve |
| $x=1-m$ and $y=m(1-m)$ | A1 | Both correct |
## Question 9(b):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int x-x^2(-mx)\,dx = \frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{x^3}{3}\left(-m\frac{x^2}{2}\right)$ | M1 | $x^n \to x^{n+1}$ in at least one term |
| Area of $R_1 = \int_0^{1-m}\{x-x^2(-mx)\}\,dx = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}-\frac{(1-m)^3}{3}\left(-m\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}\right)-0$ | M1 | Uses limits $1-m$ and $0$; subtracts (condone omission of $-0$) |
| Correct expression in $m$ with/without area under line subtracted | A1 | |
| Area of $R_1 = \int_0^{1-m}\{x-x^2-mx\}\,dx = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m)-\frac{(1-m)^3}{3}(-0)$ | dM1 | Correct strategy for area (may be scored for finding separate areas and subtracting) |
| $= \frac{(1-m)^3}{6}$ | A1* | Correct expression |
## Question 9(c):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Area of $(R_1+R_2)=\int_0^1(x-x^2)\,dx = \left[\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac{x^3}{3}\right]_0^1 = \frac{1}{6}$ | M1 | Correct method for finding area of $R_1+R_2$, or correct method for finding area of $R_2$ |
| $R_1=R_2 \Rightarrow \frac{(1-m)^3}{6}=\frac{1}{12} \Rightarrow m=\ldots$ | dM1 | Sets up correct equation using answer to part (b) and solves for $m$ |
| $m = 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}$ | A1 | Correct exact value in any form |
# Question (from first page - part b/c of unnamed question):
**Part (b):**
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Attempts to integrate equation for curve $C$ to find area | M1 | May be part of integrating a difference of curve and line, or done separately |
| Applies limits of 0 and $x$ from (a) (in terms of $m$) to integral, subtracts correct way round | M1 | May or may not include line at this point |
| $\text{Area} = \frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m) - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3}(-0)$ | A1 | Correct expression in $m$ for area under $C$ between 0 and $1-m$ |
| Correct overall strategy for area; for line use $\frac{1}{2} \times x \times y$ from part (a) | dM1 | Depends on previous M; curve minus line, or separate areas minus triangle |
| Fully correct work reaching expression of form $\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}(1-m) - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3}$ with $(1-m)^3$ terms before final answer | A1 | Going from $= \frac{(1-m)^2}{2} - \frac{(1-m)^3}{3} - m\frac{(1-m)^2}{2}$ to given answer with no intermediate step is A0 |
**Part (c):**
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct method for finding area of $R_1 + R_2$; integral of $C$ with limits 0 to 1; allow $\frac{1}{6}$ from correctly set up integral if integration not shown | M1 | Alternatively: correct method for area of $R_2$, integral of $C$ from $1-m$ to 1 with triangle area added |
| Sets up correct equation using answer to part (b), reaches value for $m$ | dM1 | — |
| $m = 1 - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}$ | A1 | Correct exact value in any form |
---
9.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{59c9f675-e7eb-47b9-b233-dfbe1844f792-30_639_929_214_511}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Figure 2 shows
\begin{itemize}
\item the curve $C$ with equation $y = x - x ^ { 2 }$
\item the line $l$ with equation $y = m x$, where $m$ is a constant and $0 < m < 1$
\end{itemize}
The line and the curve intersect at the origin $O$ and at the point $P$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Find, in terms of $m$, the coordinates of $P$.
The region $R _ { 1 }$, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by $C$ and $l$.
\item Show that the area of $R _ { 1 }$ is
$$\frac { ( 1 - m ) ^ { 3 } } { 6 }$$
The region $R _ { 2 }$, also shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by $C$, the $x$-axis and $l$. Given that the area of $R _ { 1 }$ is equal to the area of $R _ { 2 }$
\item find the exact value of $m$.\\
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{59c9f675-e7eb-47b9-b233-dfbe1844f792-33_108_76_2613_1875}\\
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{59c9f675-e7eb-47b9-b233-dfbe1844f792-33_52_83_2722_1850}
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel P2 2022 Q9 [10]}}