Pre-U Pre-U 9794/3 2016 June — Question 6 5 marks

Exam BoardPre-U
ModulePre-U 9794/3 (Pre-U Mathematics Paper 3)
Year2016
SessionJune
Marks5
TopicIndependent Events
TypeCalculate probabilities using independence
DifficultyModerate -0.8 This is a straightforward probability question testing basic understanding of independent events and the multiplication rule. Given P(A) and P(A∩B), students can immediately find P(B) = 1/3 using independence, then apply complement rules and basic probability laws. The calculations are routine with no conceptual challenges beyond recalling standard definitions.
Spec2.03a Mutually exclusive and independent events2.03d Calculate conditional probability: from first principles

\(A\) and \(B\) are independent events. \(P(A) = \frac{3}{4}\) and \(P(A \cap B) = \frac{1}{4}\). Find \(P(A' \cap B)\) and \(P(A' \cap B')\). [5]

AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(B) = \frac{\mathrm{P}(A \cap B)}{\mathrm{P}(A)} = \frac{1/4}{3/4} = \frac{1}{3}\)B1 Using independence of \(A\) and \(B\).
Either:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \mathrm{P}(A') \times \mathrm{P}(B) = \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{1}{12}\)M1, A1 Allow the use of a Venn diagram or a tree diagram. Product using independence or partition of \(B\). c.a.o.
Or:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \mathrm{P}(B) - \mathrm{P}(A \cap B) = \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{12}\)M1, A1 c.a.o.
Either:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = \mathrm{P}(A') \times \mathrm{P}(B') = \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{6}\)M1, A1 Product of complements or complement of union or partition of \(A'\). c.a.o.
Or:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = 1 - \mathrm{P}(A \cup B) = 1 - \left(\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{1}{6}\)M1, A1 c.a.o.
Or:
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = \mathrm{P}(A') - \mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{6}\)M1, A1 c.a.o.
$\mathrm{P}(B) = \frac{\mathrm{P}(A \cap B)}{\mathrm{P}(A)} = \frac{1/4}{3/4} = \frac{1}{3}$ | B1 | Using independence of $A$ and $B$.

**Either:**

$\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \mathrm{P}(A') \times \mathrm{P}(B) = \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{1}{12}$ | M1, A1 | Allow the use of a Venn diagram or a tree diagram. Product using independence or partition of $B$. c.a.o.

**Or:**

$\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \mathrm{P}(B) - \mathrm{P}(A \cap B) = \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{12}$ | M1, A1 | c.a.o.

**Either:**

$\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = \mathrm{P}(A') \times \mathrm{P}(B') = \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{6}$ | M1, A1 | Product of complements or complement of union or partition of $A'$. c.a.o.

**Or:**

$\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = 1 - \mathrm{P}(A \cup B) = 1 - \left(\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{1}{6}$ | M1, A1 | c.a.o.

**Or:**

$\mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B') = \mathrm{P}(A') - \mathrm{P}(A^c \cap B) = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{12} = \frac{1}{6}$ | M1, A1 | c.a.o. | [5]

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$A$ and $B$ are independent events. $P(A) = \frac{3}{4}$ and $P(A \cap B) = \frac{1}{4}$.

Find $P(A' \cap B)$ and $P(A' \cap B')$. [5]

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Pre-U Pre-U 9794/3 2016 Q6 [5]}}