Edexcel M5 2012 June — Question 1 9 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleM5 (Mechanics 5)
Year2012
SessionJune
Marks9
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicFirst order differential equations (integrating factor)
TypeApplied/modelling contexts
DifficultyChallenging +1.3 This is a first-order linear vector differential equation requiring an integrating factor method. While M5 content is advanced, this is a standard application of the integrating factor technique (μ = t^(-2)) followed by integration and applying initial conditions. The vector nature adds minimal complexity since components can be treated independently. More routine than typical M5 questions involving complex multi-body systems or variable mass problems.
Spec1.10a Vectors in 2D: i,j notation and column vectors4.10c Integrating factor: first order equations

A particle \(P\) moves in a plane such that its position vector \(\mathbf{r}\) metres at time \(t\) seconds \((t > 0)\) satisfies the differential equation $$\frac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt} - \frac{2}{t}\mathbf{r} = 4\mathbf{i}$$ When \(t = 1\), the particle is at the point with position vector \((\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j})\) m. Find \(\mathbf{r}\) in terms of \(t\). [9]

AnswerMarks
\(\frac{dr}{dt} - \frac{2}{t}r = 4i\)M1 A1
\(\text{IF} = e^{\int -\frac{2}{t} dt} = \frac{1}{t^2}\)M1 A1
\(\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{r}{t^2}\right) = \frac{1}{t^2}4i\)M1 A1
\(\frac{r}{t^2} = \int \frac{1}{t^2}4i \, dt = -\frac{1}{t}4i + C\)M1
(C not needed for A1)A1
\(r = -4ti + Ct^2\)M1 A1
\(t = 1, r = i + j \Rightarrow i + j = -4i + C \Rightarrow 5i + j = C\)M1 A1
\(r = -4ti + (5i + j)t^2\)A1
$\frac{dr}{dt} - \frac{2}{t}r = 4i$ | M1 A1 |

$\text{IF} = e^{\int -\frac{2}{t} dt} = \frac{1}{t^2}$ | M1 A1 |

$\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{r}{t^2}\right) = \frac{1}{t^2}4i$ | M1 A1 |

$\frac{r}{t^2} = \int \frac{1}{t^2}4i \, dt = -\frac{1}{t}4i + C$ | M1 |

(C not needed for A1) | A1 |

$r = -4ti + Ct^2$ | M1 A1 |

$t = 1, r = i + j \Rightarrow i + j = -4i + C \Rightarrow 5i + j = C$ | M1 A1 |

$r = -4ti + (5i + j)t^2$ | A1 |
A particle $P$ moves in a plane such that its position vector $\mathbf{r}$ metres at time $t$ seconds $(t > 0)$ satisfies the differential equation

$$\frac{d\mathbf{r}}{dt} - \frac{2}{t}\mathbf{r} = 4\mathbf{i}$$

When $t = 1$, the particle is at the point with position vector $(\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j})$ m.

Find $\mathbf{r}$ in terms of $t$.
[9]

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel M5 2012 Q1 [9]}}