Edexcel S2 2015 June — Question 3 14 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleS2 (Statistics 2)
Year2015
SessionJune
Marks14
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicContinuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables
TypePiecewise PDF with k
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard S2 piecewise PDF question requiring routine integration to find k, identifying the mode from the function, constructing the CDF by integrating each piece, and solving F(x)=0.75 for the upper quartile. All techniques are textbook exercises with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03b Solve problems: using pdf5.03e Find cdf: by integration5.03f Relate pdf-cdf: medians and percentiles

A random variable \(X\) has probability density function given by $$f(x) = \begin{cases} kx^2 & 0 \leq x \leq 2 \\ k\left(1 - \frac{x}{6}\right) & 2 < x \leq 6 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ where \(k\) is a constant.
  1. Show that \(k = \frac{1}{4}\) [4]
  2. Write down the mode of \(X\). [1]
  3. Specify fully the cumulative distribution function F(\(x\)). [5]
  4. Find the upper quartile of \(X\). [4]

Question 3:

AnswerMarks
3(a)2 6  x
 kx2dx k 1 dx1
 
AnswerMarks
0 2  6M1: for adding the two integrals, and
attempting to integrate, at least one
xn xn1
integral , ignore limits and
does not need to be put equal to 1. Do
not award if they add before
AnswerMarks
integratingM1 A1
2 6
x3  x2
k k x 1
   
 3   12
AnswerMarks
0 2A1: correct integration, ignore limits
and does not need to be put equal to 1
8  5
k k 3 1
   
AnswerMarks
3  3M1: dependent on first M being
awarded, correct use of limits and
putting equal to 1.
8
This may be seen as F(2) = k and
3
AnswerMarks
using F(6) = 1dM1
A1cso
AnswerMarks
4k 1A1: cso answer given so need 4k 1
1
leading to k 
4
1
k  *
4
NB Validation – if they substitute in k = ¼ you may award the 1st three marks as per scheme. For the Final A
mark they must say “ therefore k = ¼”
AnswerMarks Guidance
(b)2 B1: cao
(c)kx3
x
 kt2dt 
AnswerMarks
0 3x
M1: attempting to find  kt2dt
0
t2 t3
, ignore limits, may leave in
AnswerMarks
terms of kM1
 t   t2 
 k 1 dt k t C
   
 6  12
t2
 ktk C
12
F(6) =1
1
6k3kC1  C =
AnswerMarks
4t
M1: attempting to find  k(1 )dt
6
tn tn1
at least one integral and
either
have + C C 0and use F(6) =1
or
have limits 2 and x and + “their
2
 kt2dt” and attempt to integrate
0
tn tn1
NB: may use any letter, need not be t
AnswerMarks
,condone use of xM1
 0 x0
x3
0 x2
 12
F(x) 
x x2 1
  2 x6
4 48 4
AnswerMarks
 1 x6A1: second line correct
A1: third line correct
B1: first and fourth line correct they
may use “otherwise” instead of x < 0
AnswerMarks
or x > 6 but not instead of bothA1
A1
B1
NB: Condone use of < rather than  and vice versa
AnswerMarks
(d)x x2 1
  0.75
AnswerMarks
4 48 4M1: putting their line 2 or their line 3
= 0.75M1 A1
x212x240
AnswerMarks
oeA1: The correct quadratic equation –
like terms must be collected together
12 144424
x 
AnswerMarks
2M1d: dep on previous M1 being
awarded. A correct method for
solving a 3 term quadratic equation =
0 leading to x = …Use either the
quadratic formula or completing the
square - If they quote a correct
formula and attempt to use it, award
the method mark if there are small
errors. Where the formula is not
quoted, the method mark can be
implied from correct working with
values but is lost if there is a mistake.
If they attempt to factorise award M1
if they have
 x2 bxc  (x p)(xq),
AnswerMarks Guidance
wherepq
May be implied by a correct value for
AnswerMarks
xdM1 A1
= 2.54 or 62 3A1: awrt 2.54 or 62 3 or
6 12 . If 2 values for x are given
they must eliminate the incorrect one.
Notes
Question 3:
--- 3(a) ---
3(a) | 2 6  x
 kx2dx k 1 dx1
 
0 2  6 | M1: for adding the two integrals, and
attempting to integrate, at least one
xn xn1
integral , ignore limits and
does not need to be put equal to 1. Do
not award if they add before
integrating | M1 A1
2 6
x3  x2
k k x 1
   
 3   12
0 2 | A1: correct integration, ignore limits
and does not need to be put equal to 1
8  5
k k 3 1
   
3  3 | M1: dependent on first M being
awarded, correct use of limits and
putting equal to 1.
8
This may be seen as F(2) = k and
3
using F(6) = 1 | dM1
A1cso
4k 1 | A1: cso answer given so need 4k 1
1
leading to k 
4
1
k  *
4
NB Validation – if they substitute in k = ¼ you may award the 1st three marks as per scheme. For the Final A
mark they must say “ therefore k = ¼”
(b) | 2 | B1: cao | B1
(c) | kx3
x
 kt2dt 
0 3 | x
M1: attempting to find  kt2dt
0
t2 t3
, ignore limits, may leave in
terms of k | M1
 t   t2 
 k 1 dt k t C
   
 6  12
t2
 ktk C
12
F(6) =1
1
6k3kC1  C =
4 | t
M1: attempting to find  k(1 )dt
6
tn tn1
at least one integral and
either
have + C C 0and use F(6) =1
or
have limits 2 and x and + “their
2
 kt2dt” and attempt to integrate
0
tn tn1
NB: may use any letter, need not be t
,condone use of x | M1
 0 x0

x3

0 x2
 12
F(x) 
x x2 1

  2 x6
4 48 4

 1 x6 | A1: second line correct
A1: third line correct
B1: first and fourth line correct they
may use “otherwise” instead of x < 0
or x > 6 but not instead of both | A1
A1
B1
NB: Condone use of < rather than  and vice versa
(d) | x x2 1
  0.75
4 48 4 | M1: putting their line 2 or their line 3
= 0.75 | M1 A1
x212x240
oe | A1: The correct quadratic equation –
like terms must be collected together
12 144424
x 
2 | M1d: dep on previous M1 being
awarded. A correct method for
solving a 3 term quadratic equation =
0 leading to x = …Use either the
quadratic formula or completing the
square - If they quote a correct
formula and attempt to use it, award
the method mark if there are small
errors. Where the formula is not
quoted, the method mark can be
implied from correct working with
values but is lost if there is a mistake.
If they attempt to factorise award M1
if they have
 x2 bxc  (x p)(xq),
where| pq||c|leading to x...
May be implied by a correct value for
x | dM1 A1
= 2.54 or 62 3 | A1: awrt 2.54 or 62 3 or
6 12 . If 2 values for x are given
they must eliminate the incorrect one.
Notes
A random variable $X$ has probability density function given by

$$f(x) = \begin{cases}
kx^2 & 0 \leq x \leq 2 \\
k\left(1 - \frac{x}{6}\right) & 2 < x \leq 6 \\
0 & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}$$

where $k$ is a constant.

\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that $k = \frac{1}{4}$ [4]

\item Write down the mode of $X$. [1]

\item Specify fully the cumulative distribution function F($x$). [5]

\item Find the upper quartile of $X$. [4]
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel S2 2015 Q3 [14]}}