| Exam Board | CAIE |
|---|---|
| Module | P3 (Pure Mathematics 3) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Session | November |
| Marks | 11 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Vectors: Cross Product & Distances |
| Type | Show lines are skew (non-intersecting) |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard three-part vector question testing routine techniques: checking if lines intersect (solving simultaneous equations), finding angle between direction vectors (dot product formula), and finding a plane equation parallel to two lines (cross product for normal vector). All parts follow textbook methods with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 4.04a Line equations: 2D and 3D, cartesian and vector forms4.04b Plane equations: cartesian and vector forms4.04c Scalar product: calculate and use for angles4.04e Line intersections: parallel, skew, or intersecting |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 10(i) | Equate at least two pairs of components of general points on l and m and solve for λ |
| or for µ | M1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 2 2 | A1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| intersect | A1 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| 10(ii) | Carry out correct process for evaluating scalar product of direction vectors for l and m | *M1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| the moduli and evaluate the inverse cosine of the result | DM1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 4 | A1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 10(iii) | EITHER: Use scalar product to obtain a relevant equation in a, b and c, e.g. |
| −a+b+4c=0 | B1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| e.g. a : b | M1 |
| Obtain a : b : c = 2 : −2 : 1, or equivalent | A1 |
| Substitute (3, −2, −1) and values of a, b and c in general equation and find d | M1 |
| Obtain answer 2x−2y+z=9, or equivalent | A1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| (−i+j+4k)×(2i+j−2k) | (M1 |
| Obtain two correct components | A1 |
| Obtain correct answer, e.g. −6i+6j−3k | A1 |
| Substitute (3, −2, −1) in −6x+6y−3z=d , or equivalent, and find d | M1 |
| Obtain answer −2x+2y−z=−9, or equivalent | A1) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| for the plane | (M1 | |
| State a correct equation, e.g. r=3i−2j−k+λ(−i+j+4k)+µ(2i+−j 2k) | A1 | |
| State three correct equations in x, y, z, λ and µ | A1 | |
| Eliminate λ and µ | M1 | |
| Question | Answer | Marks |
| Obtain answer 2x−2y+z=9, or equivalent | A1) |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| for the plane | (M1 |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| 2 1 −2 | A1 |
| Attempt to expand the determinant | M1 |
| Obtain two correct cofactors | A1 |
| Obtain answer −2x+2y−z=−9, or equivalent | A1) |
Question 10:
--- 10(i) ---
10(i) | Equate at least two pairs of components of general points on l and m and solve for λ
or for µ | M1
Obtain correct answer for λ or µ, e.g. λ = 3 or µ = – 2 ; λ=0 or µ=−1;or
2
λ= 3 or µ=−7
2 2 | A1
Verify that not all three pairs of equations are satisfied and that the lines fail to
intersect | A1
3
--- 10(ii) ---
10(ii) | Carry out correct process for evaluating scalar product of direction vectors for l and m | *M1
Using the correct process for the moduli, divide the scalar product by the product of
the moduli and evaluate the inverse cosine of the result | DM1
Obtain answer 45° or 1π(0.785) radians
4 | A1
3
--- 10(iii) ---
10(iii) | EITHER: Use scalar product to obtain a relevant equation in a, b and c, e.g.
−a+b+4c=0 | B1
Obtain a second equation, e.g. 2a+b−2c=0and solve for one ratio,
e.g. a : b | M1
Obtain a : b : c = 2 : −2 : 1, or equivalent | A1
Substitute (3, −2, −1) and values of a, b and c in general equation and find d | M1
Obtain answer 2x−2y+z=9, or equivalent | A1
OR1: Attempt to calculate vector product of relevant vectors, e.g
(−i+j+4k)×(2i+j−2k) | (M1
Obtain two correct components | A1
Obtain correct answer, e.g. −6i+6j−3k | A1
Substitute (3, −2, −1) in −6x+6y−3z=d , or equivalent, and find d | M1
Obtain answer −2x+2y−z=−9, or equivalent | A1)
OR2: Using the relevant point and relevant vectors, form a 2-parameter equation
for the plane | (M1
State a correct equation, e.g. r=3i−2j−k+λ(−i+j+4k)+µ(2i+−j 2k) | A1
State three correct equations in x, y, z, λ and µ | A1
Eliminate λ and µ | M1
Question | Answer | Marks
Obtain answer 2x−2y+z=9, or equivalent | A1)
OR3: Using the relevant point and relevant vectors, form a determinant equation
for the plane | (M1
x−3 y+2 z+1
State a correct equation, e.g. −1 1 4 =0
2 1 −2 | A1
Attempt to expand the determinant | M1
Obtain two correct cofactors | A1
Obtain answer −2x+2y−z=−9, or equivalent | A1)
5
The equations of two lines $l$ and $m$ are $\mathbf{r} = 3\mathbf{i} - \mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k} + \lambda(-\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j} + 4\mathbf{k})$ and $\mathbf{r} = 4\mathbf{i} + 4\mathbf{j} - 3\mathbf{k} + \mu(2\mathbf{i} + \mathbf{j} - 2\mathbf{k})$ respectively.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\roman*)]
\item Show that the lines do not intersect. [3]
\item Calculate the acute angle between the directions of the lines. [3]
\item Find the equation of the plane which passes through the point $(3, -2, -1)$ and which is parallel to both $l$ and $m$. Give your answer in the form $ax + by + cz = d$. [5]
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE P3 2017 Q10 [11]}}