| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | FM1 (Further Mechanics 1) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 8 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Momentum and Collisions 1 |
| Type | Multiple wall bounces or returns |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.8 This is a multi-step Further Mechanics problem requiring careful tracking of velocities through two collisions with coefficient of restitution, distance calculations, and then optimization. While the individual components (restitution formula, kinematics) are standard FM1 material, coordinating the algebra across multiple bounces and finding the minimum via calculus or boundary analysis elevates this above routine exercises. |
| Spec | 3.02e Two-dimensional constant acceleration: with vectors6.03b Conservation of momentum: 1D two particles6.03l Newton's law: oblique impacts |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Speed after first impact \(= \frac{2}{3}u\) | B1 | Correct use of impact law, seen or implied. Allow \(+/-\) |
| Speed after second impact \(= \frac{4}{9}u\) | B1 | Correct use of impact law a second time, seen or implied. Allow \(+/-\) |
| Correct method for total time | M1 | Use of \(t = \frac{d}{v}\) or equivalent for at least 2 of the 3 parts added |
| \(T = \frac{d}{u} + \frac{3}{\frac{2}{3}u} + \frac{3-d}{\frac{4}{9}u}\) | A1ft | Unsimplified expression for \(T\) with all 3 terms and at most one error. Follow their speeds |
| (same expression) | A1ft | Correct unsimplified expression for \(T\). Follow their speeds |
| \(= \frac{4d + 18 + 27 - 9d}{4u} = \frac{45 - 5d}{4u}\) | A1* | Obtain given answer from correct working |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Least \(T\) when \(d\) is maximum; Furthest distance at highest speed; Highest average speed; Sketch graph of function | B1 | Correct reasoning |
| i.e. \(d = 3\), least \(T = \frac{30}{4u} = \frac{15}{2u}\) | B1 | Correct answer only. Any equivalent form. \(\left(\frac{7.5}{u}\right)\) |
# Question 1:
## Part 1a:
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Speed after first impact $= \frac{2}{3}u$ | B1 | Correct use of impact law, seen or implied. Allow $+/-$ |
| Speed after second impact $= \frac{4}{9}u$ | B1 | Correct use of impact law a second time, seen or implied. Allow $+/-$ |
| Correct method for total time | M1 | Use of $t = \frac{d}{v}$ or equivalent for at least 2 of the 3 parts added |
| $T = \frac{d}{u} + \frac{3}{\frac{2}{3}u} + \frac{3-d}{\frac{4}{9}u}$ | A1ft | Unsimplified expression for $T$ with all 3 terms and at most one error. Follow their speeds |
| (same expression) | A1ft | Correct unsimplified expression for $T$. Follow their speeds |
| $= \frac{4d + 18 + 27 - 9d}{4u} = \frac{45 - 5d}{4u}$ | A1* | Obtain **given answer** from correct working |
**(6 marks)**
## Part 1b:
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Least $T$ when $d$ is maximum; Furthest distance at highest speed; Highest average speed; Sketch graph of function | B1 | Correct reasoning |
| i.e. $d = 3$, least $T = \frac{30}{4u} = \frac{15}{2u}$ | B1 | Correct answer only. Any equivalent form. $\left(\frac{7.5}{u}\right)$ |
**(2 marks)**
---
1.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{a871044a-17c5-440d-8d8f-886939603dd4-02_307_889_244_589}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Figure 1 represents the plan of part of a smooth horizontal floor, where $W _ { 1 }$ and $W _ { 2 }$ are two fixed parallel vertical walls. The walls are 3 metres apart.
A particle lies at rest at a point $O$ on the floor between the two walls, where the point $O$ is $d$ metres, $0 < d \leqslant 3$, from $W _ { 1 }$
At time $t = 0$, the particle is projected from $O$ towards $W _ { 1 }$ with speed $u \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }$ in a direction perpendicular to the walls.
The coefficient of restitution between the particle and each wall is $\frac { 2 } { 3 }$\\
The particle returns to $O$ at time $t = T$ seconds, having bounced off each wall once.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that $T = \frac { 45 - 5 d } { 4 u }$
The value of $u$ is fixed, the particle still hits each wall once but the value of $d$ can now vary.
\item Find the least possible value of $T$, giving your answer in terms of $u$. You must give a reason for your answer.
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel FM1 2019 Q1 [8]}}