| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | FM2 AS (Further Mechanics 2 AS) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 9 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Moments |
| Type | Framework or multiple rod structures |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.8 This is a multi-part further mechanics question requiring center of mass calculations for a framework of rods, equilibrium analysis with moments, and optimization with constraints. While the geometry is relatively straightforward (symmetric framework), it requires systematic application of moments about multiple points and careful algebraic manipulation across three connected parts, making it moderately challenging for FM2 level. |
| Spec | 6.04b Find centre of mass: using symmetry6.04c Composite bodies: centre of mass6.04e Rigid body equilibrium: coplanar forces |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| The rods are uniform and the axes of symmetry intersect at midpoint of \(AC\) | B1 | Any equivalent clear justification. Needs to mention uniformity and symmetry and the midpoint of \(AC\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Use moments e.g. \(M(A): (2aW + aW + 3aW = 4aT_B + aW)\) | M1 | Form ANY moments equation. Require all terms. Dimensionally correct. Condone sign errors. |
| e.g. \(M(A): 5W \cdot 2a\cos 60° = 4aT_B\) or \(M(B): 3a \times 5W = 4aT_A\) | A1 | Correct unsimplified (including trig) equation e.g. \(M(G): T_A \cdot 2a\cos 60° = T_B(4a - 2a\cos 60°)\) or \(T_B(4a\cos^2 30°)\) |
| Resolving vertically: \(T_A + T_B = 5W\) | M1 | Form a second equation in \(T_A\) and/or \(T_B\), solve for \(T_A\) and \(T_B\) |
| \(\Rightarrow T_A = \dfrac{15W}{4}, \quad T_B = \dfrac{5W}{4}\) | A1 | Both tensions correct. If answers reversed, allow M marks. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(T_A\) will be the larger, so first to exceed \(6W\), use \(T_A = 6W\) (e.g. by \(M(B)\) but may use two equations) to form equation in \(k\) only | M1 | Realise first to break is rope at \(A\), complete method using \(T_A = 6W\). Require all terms. Dimensionally correct. Condone sign errors. M0 if \(T_B = 6W\) used (gives \(k = 9.5\)) |
| \(6W \times 4a = 5W \times 3a + kW \times 6a + 2kW \times 2a\) | A1 | Unsimplified equation or inequality in \(k\) only with at most one error |
| \(24aW = 15aW + 10kaW\) | A1 | Correct unsimplified equation or inequality in \(k\) only |
| \(k = 0.9\) | A1 | Correct only. Decimal or fraction. |
# Question 1:
## Part 1(a):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| The rods are uniform and the axes of symmetry intersect at midpoint of $AC$ | B1 | Any equivalent clear justification. Needs to mention uniformity and symmetry and the midpoint of $AC$ |
**Total: (1)**
## Part 1(b):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Use moments e.g. $M(A): (2aW + aW + 3aW = 4aT_B + aW)$ | M1 | Form ANY moments equation. Require all terms. Dimensionally correct. Condone sign errors. |
| e.g. $M(A): 5W \cdot 2a\cos 60° = 4aT_B$ or $M(B): 3a \times 5W = 4aT_A$ | A1 | Correct unsimplified (including trig) equation e.g. $M(G): T_A \cdot 2a\cos 60° = T_B(4a - 2a\cos 60°)$ or $T_B(4a\cos^2 30°)$ |
| Resolving vertically: $T_A + T_B = 5W$ | M1 | Form a second equation in $T_A$ and/or $T_B$, solve for $T_A$ and $T_B$ |
| $\Rightarrow T_A = \dfrac{15W}{4}, \quad T_B = \dfrac{5W}{4}$ | A1 | Both tensions correct. If answers reversed, allow M marks. |
**Total: (4)**
## Part 1(c):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $T_A$ will be the larger, so first to exceed $6W$, use $T_A = 6W$ (e.g. by $M(B)$ but may use two equations) to form equation in $k$ only | M1 | Realise first to break is rope at $A$, complete method using $T_A = 6W$. Require all terms. Dimensionally correct. Condone sign errors. M0 if $T_B = 6W$ used (gives $k = 9.5$) |
| $6W \times 4a = 5W \times 3a + kW \times 6a + 2kW \times 2a$ | A1 | Unsimplified equation or inequality in $k$ only with at most one error |
| $24aW = 15aW + 10kaW$ | A1 | Correct unsimplified equation or inequality in $k$ only |
| $k = 0.9$ | A1 | Correct only. Decimal or fraction. |
**Total: (4)**
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1.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{269e7aef-d7b7-4c3b-8d55-5a00696c97cc-02_369_625_301_721}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Five identical uniform rods are joined together to form the rigid framework $A B C D$ shown in Figure 1. Each rod has weight $W$ and length 4a. The points $A , B , C$ and $D$ all lie in the same plane.
The centre of mass of the framework is at the point $G$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Explain why $G$ is the midpoint of $A C$.
The framework is suspended from the ceiling by two vertical light inextensible strings. One string is attached to the framework at $A$ and the other string is attached to the framework at $B$. The framework hangs freely in equilibrium with $A B$ horizontal.
\item Find
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\roman*)]
\item the tension in the string attached at $A$,
\item the tension in the string attached at $B$.
A particle of weight $k W$ is now attached to the framework at $D$ and a particle of weight $2 k W$ is now attached to the framework at $C$. The framework remains in equilibrium with $A B$ horizontal and the strings vertical.
Either string will break if the tension in it exceeds $6 W$.
\end{enumerate}\item Find the greatest possible value of $k$.
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel FM2 AS 2019 Q1 [9]}}