| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | S2 (Statistics 2) |
| Year | 2008 |
| Session | January |
| Marks | 13 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Continuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables |
| Type | Calculate and compare mean, median, mode |
| Difficulty | Moderate -0.3 This is a straightforward S2 question requiring standard techniques: sketching a simple linear pdf, identifying the mode by inspection, computing E(X) via integration, finding the median by solving ∫f(x)dx = 0.5, and commenting on skewness by comparing mean/median/mode. All steps are routine applications of definitions with no conceptual challenges, making it slightly easier than average. |
| Spec | 5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03d E(g(X)): general expectation formula5.03f Relate pdf-cdf: medians and percentiles |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Graph has maximum height of 2, labelled, and passes through (2,0) | B1 | Max height of 2 must be labelled |
| Shape must be between \(x=2\) and \(x=3\) with no other lines drawn (patios accepted) | B1 | Line must be between 2 and 3; can get mark even if patio cannot be seen |
| Correct straight line shape | B1 | Line must be straight and correct shape |
| Mode = 3 | B1 | Only accept 3 |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\int_2^3 2x(x-2)\,dx = \left[\dfrac{2x^3}{3} - 2x^2\right]_2^3\) | M1 A1 | Attempt to find \(\int xf(x)\,dx\); need to see \(x^n \to x^{n+1}\), ignore limits; A1 for correct integration ignoring limits |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(= 2\dfrac{2}{3}\) | A1 | Accept \(2\dfrac{2}{3}\) or awrt 2.67 or \(2.\dot{6}\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| \(\int_2^m 2(x-2)\,dx = 0.5\) | M1 | Using \(\int f(x)\,dx = 0.5\) |
| \(\left[x^2 - 4x\right]_2^m = 0.5\) leading to \(m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5\) | A1 | \(m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5\) oe |
| \(m^2 - 4m + 3.5 = 0\) | M1 | Attempting to solve quadratic |
| \(m = \dfrac{4 \pm \sqrt{2}}{2}\), so \(m = 2.71\) | A1 | awrt 2.71 or \(\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{2}\) or \(2+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) oe |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
| Negative skew | B1 | First B1 for "negative" |
| mean \(<\) median \(<\) mode | B1dep | Second B1 for mean \(<\) median \(<\) mode; need all 3 or may explain using diagram |
# Question 8:
## Part (a)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Graph has maximum height of 2, labelled, and passes through (2,0) | B1 | Max height of 2 must be labelled |
| Shape must be between $x=2$ and $x=3$ with no other lines drawn (patios accepted) | B1 | Line must be between 2 and 3; can get mark even if patio cannot be seen |
| Correct straight line shape | B1 | Line must be straight and correct shape |
| Mode = 3 | B1 | Only accept 3 |
## Part (b)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_2^3 2x(x-2)\,dx = \left[\dfrac{2x^3}{3} - 2x^2\right]_2^3$ | M1 A1 | Attempt to find $\int xf(x)\,dx$; need to see $x^n \to x^{n+1}$, ignore limits; A1 for correct integration ignoring limits |
## Part (c)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $= 2\dfrac{2}{3}$ | A1 | Accept $2\dfrac{2}{3}$ or awrt 2.67 or $2.\dot{6}$ |
## Part (d)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_2^m 2(x-2)\,dx = 0.5$ | M1 | Using $\int f(x)\,dx = 0.5$ |
| $\left[x^2 - 4x\right]_2^m = 0.5$ leading to $m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5$ | A1 | $m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5$ oe |
| $m^2 - 4m + 3.5 = 0$ | M1 | Attempting to solve quadratic |
| $m = \dfrac{4 \pm \sqrt{2}}{2}$, so $m = 2.71$ | A1 | awrt 2.71 or $\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{2}$ or $2+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ oe |
## Part (e)
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Negative skew | B1 | First B1 for "negative" |
| mean $<$ median $<$ mode | B1dep | Second B1 for mean $<$ median $<$ mode; need all 3 or may explain using diagram |
\begin{enumerate}
\item The continuous random variable $X$ has probability density function $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ given by
\end{enumerate}
$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { c c }
2 ( x - 2 ) & 2 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\
0 & \text { otherwise }
\end{array} \right.$$
(a) Sketch $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ for all values of $x$.\\
(b) Write down the mode of $X$.
Find\\
(c) $\mathrm { E } ( X )$,\\
(d) the median of $X$.\\
(e) Comment on the skewness of this distribution. Give a reason for your answer.
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel S2 2008 Q8 [13]}}