Edexcel S2 2008 January — Question 8 13 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleS2 (Statistics 2)
Year2008
SessionJanuary
Marks13
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicContinuous Probability Distributions and Random Variables
TypeCalculate and compare mean, median, mode
DifficultyModerate -0.3 This is a straightforward S2 question requiring standard techniques: sketching a simple linear pdf, identifying the mode by inspection, computing E(X) via integration, finding the median by solving ∫f(x)dx = 0.5, and commenting on skewness by comparing mean/median/mode. All steps are routine applications of definitions with no conceptual challenges, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec5.03a Continuous random variables: pdf and cdf5.03d E(g(X)): general expectation formula5.03f Relate pdf-cdf: medians and percentiles

  1. The continuous random variable \(X\) has probability density function \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) given by
$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { c c } 2 ( x - 2 ) & 2 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{array} \right.$$
  1. Sketch \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) for all values of \(x\).
  2. Write down the mode of \(X\). Find
  3. \(\mathrm { E } ( X )\),
  4. the median of \(X\).
  5. Comment on the skewness of this distribution. Give a reason for your answer.

Question 8:
Part (a)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Graph has maximum height of 2, labelled, and passes through (2,0)B1 Max height of 2 must be labelled
Shape must be between \(x=2\) and \(x=3\) with no other lines drawn (patios accepted)B1 Line must be between 2 and 3; can get mark even if patio cannot be seen
Correct straight line shapeB1 Line must be straight and correct shape
Mode = 3B1 Only accept 3
Part (b)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\int_2^3 2x(x-2)\,dx = \left[\dfrac{2x^3}{3} - 2x^2\right]_2^3\)M1 A1 Attempt to find \(\int xf(x)\,dx\); need to see \(x^n \to x^{n+1}\), ignore limits; A1 for correct integration ignoring limits
Part (c)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(= 2\dfrac{2}{3}\)A1 Accept \(2\dfrac{2}{3}\) or awrt 2.67 or \(2.\dot{6}\)
Part (d)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\int_2^m 2(x-2)\,dx = 0.5\)M1 Using \(\int f(x)\,dx = 0.5\)
\(\left[x^2 - 4x\right]_2^m = 0.5\) leading to \(m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5\)A1 \(m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5\) oe
\(m^2 - 4m + 3.5 = 0\)M1 Attempting to solve quadratic
\(m = \dfrac{4 \pm \sqrt{2}}{2}\), so \(m = 2.71\)A1 awrt 2.71 or \(\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{2}\) or \(2+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) oe
Part (e)
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Negative skewB1 First B1 for "negative"
mean \(<\) median \(<\) modeB1dep Second B1 for mean \(<\) median \(<\) mode; need all 3 or may explain using diagram
# Question 8:

## Part (a)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Graph has maximum height of 2, labelled, and passes through (2,0) | B1 | Max height of 2 must be labelled |
| Shape must be between $x=2$ and $x=3$ with no other lines drawn (patios accepted) | B1 | Line must be between 2 and 3; can get mark even if patio cannot be seen |
| Correct straight line shape | B1 | Line must be straight and correct shape |
| Mode = 3 | B1 | Only accept 3 |

## Part (b)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_2^3 2x(x-2)\,dx = \left[\dfrac{2x^3}{3} - 2x^2\right]_2^3$ | M1 A1 | Attempt to find $\int xf(x)\,dx$; need to see $x^n \to x^{n+1}$, ignore limits; A1 for correct integration ignoring limits |

## Part (c)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $= 2\dfrac{2}{3}$ | A1 | Accept $2\dfrac{2}{3}$ or awrt 2.67 or $2.\dot{6}$ |

## Part (d)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\int_2^m 2(x-2)\,dx = 0.5$ | M1 | Using $\int f(x)\,dx = 0.5$ |
| $\left[x^2 - 4x\right]_2^m = 0.5$ leading to $m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5$ | A1 | $m^2 - 4m + 4 = 0.5$ oe |
| $m^2 - 4m + 3.5 = 0$ | M1 | Attempting to solve quadratic |
| $m = \dfrac{4 \pm \sqrt{2}}{2}$, so $m = 2.71$ | A1 | awrt 2.71 or $\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{2}$ or $2+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ oe |

## Part (e)

| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Negative skew | B1 | First B1 for "negative" |
| mean $<$ median $<$ mode | B1dep | Second B1 for mean $<$ median $<$ mode; need all 3 or may explain using diagram |
\begin{enumerate}
  \item The continuous random variable $X$ has probability density function $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ given by
\end{enumerate}

$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { c c } 
2 ( x - 2 ) & 2 \leqslant x \leqslant 3 \\
0 & \text { otherwise }
\end{array} \right.$$

(a) Sketch $\mathrm { f } ( x )$ for all values of $x$.\\
(b) Write down the mode of $X$.

Find\\
(c) $\mathrm { E } ( X )$,\\
(d) the median of $X$.\\
(e) Comment on the skewness of this distribution. Give a reason for your answer.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel S2 2008 Q8 [13]}}