OCR Further Discrete 2023 June — Question 4

Exam BoardOCR
ModuleFurther Discrete (Further Discrete)
Year2023
SessionJune
TopicCombinations & Selection

4 The first 20 consecutive positive integers include the 8 prime numbers \(2,3,5,7,11,13,17\) and 19. Emma randomly chooses 5 distinct numbers from the first 20 consecutive positive integers. The order in which Emma chooses the numbers does not matter.
  1. Calculate the number of possibilities in which Emma's 5 numbers include exactly 2 prime numbers and 3 non-prime numbers.
  2. Calculate the number of possibilities in which Emma's 5 numbers include at least 2 prime numbers. The pairs \(\{ 3,13 \}\) and \(\{ 7,17 \}\) each consist of numbers with a difference of exactly 10 .
  3. Calculate the number of possibilities in which Emma's 5 numbers include at least one pair of prime numbers in which the difference between them is exactly 10 . A new set of 20 consecutive positive integers, each with at least two digits, is chosen. This set of 20 numbers contains 5 prime numbers.
  4. Use the pigeonhole principle to show that there is at least one pair of these prime numbers for which the difference between them is exactly 10 .