| Exam Board | OCR MEI |
|---|---|
| Module | Paper 3 (Paper 3) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 12 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Generalised Binomial Theorem |
| Type | Composite substitution expansion |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.8 This is a multi-part question requiring binomial expansion with fractional power and composite substitution (x³), graph interpretation, validity conditions, and numerical integration using the expansion. While each individual step is standard A-level Further Maths content, the combination of conceptual understanding (parts a-b), technical execution (part c), and applied integration (part f) with detailed reasoning makes this moderately challenging but still within typical FM scope. |
| Spec | 1.04c Extend binomial expansion: rational n, |x|<11.04d Binomial expansion validity: convergence conditions1.08e Area between curve and x-axis: using definite integrals |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \(\frac{x^6}{8} \geq 0\) or \(x^6 \geq 0\) | B1 | Do not accept "\(\frac{x^6}{8}\) is always positive (ie \(> 0\))" |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| The expansion with two terms is a better approximation than the one with three terms but it should be the other way round. | E1 | O.E. See exemplars |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \(1 + \frac{1}{2}(-x^3) + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^2}{2!} + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^3}{3!} + \ldots\) | M1 | Working for 3rd or 4th term correct; must see the negative \(x^3\) |
| \(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\ldots\) | A2 | A2 all terms correct or A1 for three terms correct |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \( | x | < 1\) oe |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Goes through \(2.5\) on \(y\)-axis and \((1,0)\) | B1 | |
| Right shape for values of \(x\) from \(-1\) to \(1\) | B1 | Curve reaches between \((-1, 3)\) to \((-1, 4.5)\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \(2.5\int_{-0.75}^{0.75}\left(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\right)dx\) | M1 | For their expression from 7(c) in an integration; condone \(dx\) missing; 2.5 and limits needed but may be seen later |
| \([2.5]\left[x - \frac{x^4}{8} - \frac{x^7}{56} - \frac{x^{10}}{160}\right]_{-0.75}^{0.75}\) | M1 | For integrating their expression (3 terms or more); allow one error; limits could be wrong or missing here |
| \([2.5]\left[\left(0.75 - \frac{0.75^4}{8} - \frac{0.75^7}{56} - \frac{0.75^{10}}{160}\right) - \left(-0.75 - \frac{(-0.75)^4}{8} - \frac{(-0.75)^7}{56} - \frac{(-0.75)^{10}}{160}\right)\right]\) | M1 | For attempt at their limits substituted into their integrand; substitution must be seen |
| \(3.74\ \text{m}^2\) | A1 | AWRT 3.74 from correct working; must include units; 1.495 will probably get M2 or M3 |
| Special Case: If trapezium rule used on original function allow M1 A1 maximum | Likely answers: 2 strips: \(3.71\text{m}^2\); 3 strips: \(3.72\text{m}^2\); 6 strips: \(3.73\text{m}^2\) |
## Question 7:
### Part (a):
$\frac{x^6}{8} \geq 0$ or $x^6 \geq 0$ | **B1** | Do not accept "$\frac{x^6}{8}$ is always positive (ie $> 0$)"
### Part (b):
The expansion with two terms is a better approximation than the one with three terms but it should be the other way round. | **E1** | O.E. See exemplars
### Part (c):
$1 + \frac{1}{2}(-x^3) + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^2}{2!} + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^3}{3!} + \ldots$ | **M1** | Working for 3rd or 4th term correct; must see the negative $x^3$
$1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\ldots$ | **A2** | A2 all terms correct or A1 for three terms correct
### Part (d):
$|x| < 1$ oe | **B1** |
### Part (e):
Goes through $2.5$ on $y$-axis and $(1,0)$ | **B1** |
Right shape for values of $x$ from $-1$ to $1$ | **B1** | Curve reaches between $(-1, 3)$ to $(-1, 4.5)$
### Part (f):
$2.5\int_{-0.75}^{0.75}\left(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\right)dx$ | **M1** | For their expression from 7(c) in an integration; condone $dx$ missing; 2.5 and limits needed but may be seen later
$[2.5]\left[x - \frac{x^4}{8} - \frac{x^7}{56} - \frac{x^{10}}{160}\right]_{-0.75}^{0.75}$ | **M1** | For integrating their expression (3 terms or more); allow one error; limits could be wrong or missing here
$[2.5]\left[\left(0.75 - \frac{0.75^4}{8} - \frac{0.75^7}{56} - \frac{0.75^{10}}{160}\right) - \left(-0.75 - \frac{(-0.75)^4}{8} - \frac{(-0.75)^7}{56} - \frac{(-0.75)^{10}}{160}\right)\right]$ | **M1** | For attempt at their limits substituted into their integrand; substitution must be seen
$3.74\ \text{m}^2$ | **A1** | AWRT 3.74 from correct working; must include units; 1.495 will probably get **M2** or **M3**
**Special Case:** If trapezium rule used on original function allow **M1 A1** maximum | | Likely answers: 2 strips: $3.71\text{m}^2$; 3 strips: $3.72\text{m}^2$; 6 strips: $3.73\text{m}^2$
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7 A student is trying to find the binomial expansion of $\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$.\\
She gets the first three terms as $1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }$.\\
She draws the graphs of the curves $y = \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } } , y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }$ and $y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }$ using software.\\
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{c30a926b-d832-46f5-aa65-0066ef482c3d-6_901_1265_516_248}
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Explain why $1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 } \geqslant 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }$ for all values of $x$.
\item Explain why the graphs suggest that the student has made a mistake in the binomial expansion.
\item Find the first four terms in the binomial expansion of $\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$.
\item State the set of values of $x$ for which the binomial expansion in part (c) is valid.
\item Sketch the curve $y = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$ on the grid in the Printed Answer Booklet.
\section*{(f) In this question you must show detailed reasoning.}
The end of a bus shelter is modelled by the area between the curve $\mathrm { y } = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$, the lines $x = - 0.75 , x = 0.75$ and the $x$-axis. Lengths are in metres.
Calculate, using your answer to part (c), an approximation for the area of the end of the bus shelter as given by this model.
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR MEI Paper 3 2022 Q7 [12]}}