OCR MEI Paper 3 2022 June — Question 7 12 marks

Exam BoardOCR MEI
ModulePaper 3 (Paper 3)
Year2022
SessionJune
Marks12
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicGeneralised Binomial Theorem
TypeComposite substitution expansion
DifficultyStandard +0.8 This is a multi-part question requiring binomial expansion with fractional power and composite substitution (x³), graph interpretation, validity conditions, and numerical integration using the expansion. While each individual step is standard A-level Further Maths content, the combination of conceptual understanding (parts a-b), technical execution (part c), and applied integration (part f) with detailed reasoning makes this moderately challenging but still within typical FM scope.
Spec1.04c Extend binomial expansion: rational n, |x|<11.04d Binomial expansion validity: convergence conditions1.08e Area between curve and x-axis: using definite integrals

7 A student is trying to find the binomial expansion of \(\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }\).
She gets the first three terms as \(1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }\).
She draws the graphs of the curves \(y = \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } } , y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }\) and \(y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }\) using software. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{c30a926b-d832-46f5-aa65-0066ef482c3d-6_901_1265_516_248}
  1. Explain why \(1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 } \geqslant 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }\) for all values of \(x\).
  2. Explain why the graphs suggest that the student has made a mistake in the binomial expansion.
  3. Find the first four terms in the binomial expansion of \(\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }\).
  4. State the set of values of \(x\) for which the binomial expansion in part (c) is valid.
  5. Sketch the curve \(y = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }\) on the grid in the Printed Answer Booklet. \section*{(f) In this question you must show detailed reasoning.} The end of a bus shelter is modelled by the area between the curve \(\mathrm { y } = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }\), the lines \(x = - 0.75 , x = 0.75\) and the \(x\)-axis. Lengths are in metres. Calculate, using your answer to part (c), an approximation for the area of the end of the bus shelter as given by this model.

Question 7:
Part (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(\frac{x^6}{8} \geq 0\) or \(x^6 \geq 0\)B1 Do not accept "\(\frac{x^6}{8}\) is always positive (ie \(> 0\))"
Part (b):
AnswerMarks Guidance
The expansion with two terms is a better approximation than the one with three terms but it should be the other way round.E1 O.E. See exemplars
Part (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(1 + \frac{1}{2}(-x^3) + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^2}{2!} + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^3}{3!} + \ldots\)M1 Working for 3rd or 4th term correct; must see the negative \(x^3\)
\(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\ldots\)A2 A2 all terms correct or A1 for three terms correct
Part (d):
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(x < 1\) oe
Part (e):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Goes through \(2.5\) on \(y\)-axis and \((1,0)\)B1
Right shape for values of \(x\) from \(-1\) to \(1\)B1 Curve reaches between \((-1, 3)\) to \((-1, 4.5)\)
Part (f):
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(2.5\int_{-0.75}^{0.75}\left(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\right)dx\)M1 For their expression from 7(c) in an integration; condone \(dx\) missing; 2.5 and limits needed but may be seen later
\([2.5]\left[x - \frac{x^4}{8} - \frac{x^7}{56} - \frac{x^{10}}{160}\right]_{-0.75}^{0.75}\)M1 For integrating their expression (3 terms or more); allow one error; limits could be wrong or missing here
\([2.5]\left[\left(0.75 - \frac{0.75^4}{8} - \frac{0.75^7}{56} - \frac{0.75^{10}}{160}\right) - \left(-0.75 - \frac{(-0.75)^4}{8} - \frac{(-0.75)^7}{56} - \frac{(-0.75)^{10}}{160}\right)\right]\)M1 For attempt at their limits substituted into their integrand; substitution must be seen
\(3.74\ \text{m}^2\)A1 AWRT 3.74 from correct working; must include units; 1.495 will probably get M2 or M3
Special Case: If trapezium rule used on original function allow M1 A1 maximum Likely answers: 2 strips: \(3.71\text{m}^2\); 3 strips: \(3.72\text{m}^2\); 6 strips: \(3.73\text{m}^2\)
## Question 7:

### Part (a):
$\frac{x^6}{8} \geq 0$ or $x^6 \geq 0$ | **B1** | Do not accept "$\frac{x^6}{8}$ is always positive (ie $> 0$)"

### Part (b):
The expansion with two terms is a better approximation than the one with three terms but it should be the other way round. | **E1** | O.E. See exemplars

### Part (c):
$1 + \frac{1}{2}(-x^3) + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^2}{2!} + \frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)\frac{(-x^3)^3}{3!} + \ldots$ | **M1** | Working for 3rd or 4th term correct; must see the negative $x^3$

$1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\ldots$ | **A2** | A2 all terms correct or A1 for three terms correct

### Part (d):
$|x| < 1$ oe | **B1** |

### Part (e):
Goes through $2.5$ on $y$-axis and $(1,0)$ | **B1** |
Right shape for values of $x$ from $-1$ to $1$ | **B1** | Curve reaches between $(-1, 3)$ to $(-1, 4.5)$

### Part (f):
$2.5\int_{-0.75}^{0.75}\left(1 - \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{x^6}{8} - \frac{x^9}{16}\right)dx$ | **M1** | For their expression from 7(c) in an integration; condone $dx$ missing; 2.5 and limits needed but may be seen later

$[2.5]\left[x - \frac{x^4}{8} - \frac{x^7}{56} - \frac{x^{10}}{160}\right]_{-0.75}^{0.75}$ | **M1** | For integrating their expression (3 terms or more); allow one error; limits could be wrong or missing here

$[2.5]\left[\left(0.75 - \frac{0.75^4}{8} - \frac{0.75^7}{56} - \frac{0.75^{10}}{160}\right) - \left(-0.75 - \frac{(-0.75)^4}{8} - \frac{(-0.75)^7}{56} - \frac{(-0.75)^{10}}{160}\right)\right]$ | **M1** | For attempt at their limits substituted into their integrand; substitution must be seen

$3.74\ \text{m}^2$ | **A1** | AWRT 3.74 from correct working; must include units; 1.495 will probably get **M2** or **M3**

**Special Case:** If trapezium rule used on original function allow **M1 A1** maximum | | Likely answers: 2 strips: $3.71\text{m}^2$; 3 strips: $3.72\text{m}^2$; 6 strips: $3.73\text{m}^2$

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7 A student is trying to find the binomial expansion of $\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$.\\
She gets the first three terms as $1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }$.\\
She draws the graphs of the curves $y = \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } } , y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }$ and $y = 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 }$ using software.\\
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{c30a926b-d832-46f5-aa65-0066ef482c3d-6_901_1265_516_248}
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Explain why $1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 } + \frac { x ^ { 6 } } { 8 } \geqslant 1 - \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { 2 }$ for all values of $x$.
\item Explain why the graphs suggest that the student has made a mistake in the binomial expansion.
\item Find the first four terms in the binomial expansion of $\sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$.
\item State the set of values of $x$ for which the binomial expansion in part (c) is valid.
\item Sketch the curve $y = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$ on the grid in the Printed Answer Booklet.

\section*{(f) In this question you must show detailed reasoning.}
The end of a bus shelter is modelled by the area between the curve $\mathrm { y } = 2.5 \sqrt { 1 - x ^ { 3 } }$, the lines $x = - 0.75 , x = 0.75$ and the $x$-axis. Lengths are in metres.

Calculate, using your answer to part (c), an approximation for the area of the end of the bus shelter as given by this model.
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR MEI Paper 3 2022 Q7 [12]}}