| Exam Board | OCR |
|---|---|
| Module | D2 (Decision Mathematics 2) |
| Year | 2013 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 20 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Dynamic Programming |
| Type | Dynamic programming shortest/longest path |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.3 This is a standard D2 dynamic programming question requiring routine application of the tabulation algorithm for longest paths, followed by critical path analysis with forward/backward passes. Both are textbook procedures with no novel problem-solving required, making it slightly easier than average for A-level standard. |
| Spec | 7.04a Shortest path: Dijkstra's algorithm7.05a Critical path analysis: activity on arc networks7.05b Forward and backward pass: earliest/latest times, critical activities7.05c Total float: calculation and interpretation |
| Activity | Duration | Immediate predecessors |
| \(A\) | 8 | - |
| \(B\) | 9 | - |
| C | 7 | - |
| D | 5 | \(A\) |
| E | 6 | \(A\) |
| \(F\) | 4 | \(B\) |
| \(G\) | 5 | B |
| \(H\) | 6 | \(B\) |
| \(I\) | 10 | C |
| \(J\) | 9 | \(C\) |
| \(K\) | 6 | \(C\) |
| \(L\) | 7 | D, F, I |
| \(M\) | 6 | \(E , G , J\) |
| \(N\) | 8 | \(H\), \(K\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Subtract each entry from a constant (eg 10) | B1 | Valid method to convert minimisation to maximisation |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| \(10 -\) each entry giving correct matrix | B1 | Subtracting each entry from a constant (may use other constant, but require matrix with no negative values before reducing) |
| Reduce rows (resulting in a correct matrix with a 0 in each row) | M1 | Correct method for reducing rows (may be implied from correct matrix) |
| Reduce columns resulting in reduced cost matrix as given | A1 | Correct method for reducing columns, resulting in reduced cost matrix as given. Need evidence of method, not just the correct (given) matrix |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Cross through zeros using four lines; first augmentation correct | M1, A1 | First augmentation started, having crossed through all 0's using at least 4 lines (may be implied from correct augmented matrix) |
| Second augmentation, crossing through 0's using exactly five lines | M1 | May be implied from augmented matrix |
| Correct matrix after second augmentation | A1 | cao |
| Fred cooks on Tuesday | B1 | Follow through their final matrix (do not need to give allocation) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| \(B=\) Thurs; \(C=\) Mon; \(D=\) Fri; \(E=\) Weds | M1 | A valid matching for B, C, D and E from their final matrix (ignoring what candidate says about Alice and Fred) |
| \(A=\) Sun; \(F=\) Tues | A1 | This matching (cao), including A and F |
# Question 2:
## Part (i)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Subtract each entry from a constant (eg 10) | B1 | Valid method to convert minimisation to maximisation |
## Part (ii)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $10 -$ each entry giving correct matrix | B1 | Subtracting each entry from a constant (may use other constant, but require matrix with no negative values before reducing) |
| Reduce rows (resulting in a correct matrix with a 0 in each row) | M1 | Correct method for reducing rows (may be implied from correct matrix) |
| Reduce columns resulting in reduced cost matrix as given | A1 | Correct method for reducing columns, resulting in reduced cost matrix as given. Need evidence of method, not just the correct (given) matrix |
## Part (iii)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Cross through zeros using four lines; first augmentation correct | M1, A1 | First augmentation started, having crossed through all 0's using at least 4 lines (may be implied from correct augmented matrix) |
| Second augmentation, crossing through 0's using exactly five lines | M1 | May be implied from augmented matrix |
| Correct matrix after second augmentation | A1 | cao |
| Fred cooks on Tuesday | B1 | Follow through their final matrix (do not need to give allocation) |
## Part (iv)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $B=$ Thurs; $C=$ Mon; $D=$ Fri; $E=$ Weds | M1 | A valid matching for B, C, D and E from their final matrix (ignoring what candidate says about Alice and Fred) |
| $A=$ Sun; $F=$ Tues | A1 | This matching (cao), including A and F |
---
2 (i) Set up a dynamic programming tabulation to find the maximum weight route from ( $0 ; 0$ ) to ( $3 ; 0$ ) on the following directed network.\\
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{bfdc0280-9979-4bbe-81ba-9b1c36ff8374-3_595_1054_404_587}
Give the route and its total weight.\\
(ii) The actions now represent the activities in a project and the weights represent their durations. This information is shown in the table below.
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
Activity & Duration & Immediate predecessors \\
\hline
$A$ & 8 & - \\
\hline
$B$ & 9 & - \\
\hline
C & 7 & - \\
\hline
D & 5 & $A$ \\
\hline
E & 6 & $A$ \\
\hline
$F$ & 4 & $B$ \\
\hline
$G$ & 5 & B \\
\hline
$H$ & 6 & $B$ \\
\hline
$I$ & 10 & C \\
\hline
$J$ & 9 & $C$ \\
\hline
$K$ & 6 & $C$ \\
\hline
$L$ & 7 & D, F, I \\
\hline
$M$ & 6 & $E , G , J$ \\
\hline
$N$ & 8 & $H$, $K$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Make a large copy of the network with the activities $A$ to $N$ labelled appropriately. Carry out a forward pass to find the early event times and a backward pass to find the late event times. Find the minimum completion time for the project and list the critical activities.\\
(iii) Compare the solutions to parts (i) and (ii).
\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR D2 2013 Q2 [20]}}