6 Kate and Pippa play a zero-sum game. The game is represented by the following pay-off matrix for Kate.
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Question 6:
Part (a)
Answer Marks
Guidance
Answer Marks
Guidance
Strategy \(B\) is dominated by strategy \(C\) (every entry in row \(C\) is greater than corresponding entry in row \(B\)) B1
Must refer to domination
Part (b) - Kate's Optimal Mixed Strategy
Answer Marks
Guidance
Answer Marks
Guidance
Reduce to \(2 \times 3\) game using rows \(A\) and \(C\) only M1
Removing row \(B\)
Let Kate play \(A\) with probability \(p\), \(C\) with probability \(1-p\) M1
Setting up expressions
Expected payoff vs \(D\): \(-2p + 4(1-p) = 4 - 6p\) A1
Expected payoff vs \(E\): \(0p + 1(1-p) = 1-p\) A1
Expected payoff vs \(F\): \(3p + (-1)(1-p) = 4p - 1\) A1
Setting \(4-6p = 4p-1 \Rightarrow p = \frac{1}{2}\) M1
Equating appropriate lines
Check: vs \(D\): \(1\), vs \(E\): \(\frac{1}{2}\), vs \(F\): \(1\); optimal \(p = \frac{1}{2}\) A1
Kate plays \(A\) with probability \(\frac{1}{2}\), \(C\) with probability \(\frac{1}{2}\), value of game \(= 1\) A1
Part (c) - Pippa's Optimal Mixed Strategy
Answer Marks
Guidance
Answer Marks
Guidance
Strategy \(E\) dominated; Pippa mixes \(D\) and \(F\) only M1
Let Pippa play \(D\) with probability \(q\), \(F\) with probability \(1-q\) M1
vs \(A\): \(-2q + 3(1-q) = 3 - 5q\); vs \(C\): \(4q + (-1)(1-q) = 5q-1\) A1
Setting equal: \(3 - 5q = 5q - 1 \Rightarrow q = \frac{2}{5}\) A1
Pippa plays \(D\) with probability \(\frac{2}{5}\), \(F\) with probability \(\frac{3}{5}\) A1
Condone no mention of \(E\)
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# Question 6:
## Part (a)
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Strategy $B$ is dominated by strategy $C$ (every entry in row $C$ is greater than corresponding entry in row $B$) | B1 | Must refer to domination |
## Part (b) - Kate's Optimal Mixed Strategy
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Reduce to $2 \times 3$ game using rows $A$ and $C$ only | M1 | Removing row $B$ |
| Let Kate play $A$ with probability $p$, $C$ with probability $1-p$ | M1 | Setting up expressions |
| Expected payoff vs $D$: $-2p + 4(1-p) = 4 - 6p$ | A1 | |
| Expected payoff vs $E$: $0p + 1(1-p) = 1-p$ | A1 | |
| Expected payoff vs $F$: $3p + (-1)(1-p) = 4p - 1$ | A1 | |
| Setting $4-6p = 4p-1 \Rightarrow p = \frac{1}{2}$ | M1 | Equating appropriate lines |
| Check: vs $D$: $1$, vs $E$: $\frac{1}{2}$, vs $F$: $1$; optimal $p = \frac{1}{2}$ | A1 | |
| Kate plays $A$ with probability $\frac{1}{2}$, $C$ with probability $\frac{1}{2}$, value of game $= 1$ | A1 | |
## Part (c) - Pippa's Optimal Mixed Strategy
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Strategy $E$ dominated; Pippa mixes $D$ and $F$ only | M1 | |
| Let Pippa play $D$ with probability $q$, $F$ with probability $1-q$ | M1 | |
| vs $A$: $-2q + 3(1-q) = 3 - 5q$; vs $C$: $4q + (-1)(1-q) = 5q-1$ | A1 | |
| Setting equal: $3 - 5q = 5q - 1 \Rightarrow q = \frac{2}{5}$ | A1 | |
| Pippa plays $D$ with probability $\frac{2}{5}$, $F$ with probability $\frac{3}{5}$ | A1 | Condone no mention of $E$ |
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6 Kate and Pippa play a zero-sum game. The game is represented by the following pay-off matrix for Kate.
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3ba973a1-6a45-4381-b634-e9c4673ef1fb-18_2482_1707_223_155}\\
\hfill \mbox{\textit{AQA D2 2013 Q6 [12]}}