CAIE FP1 2011 November — Question 1 5 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleFP1 (Further Pure Mathematics 1)
Year2011
SessionNovember
Marks5
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicRoots of polynomials
TypeRoots with special relationships
DifficultyChallenging +1.2 This is a standard Further Maths result about the discriminant of a cubic equation. While it requires algebraic manipulation using the relationship between roots and coefficients, it's a well-known theorem that students are expected to prove. The approach (letting the repeated root be α and using Vieta's formulas) is straightforward once recognized, though the algebra requires care.
Spec4.05a Roots and coefficients: symmetric functions

1 The equation \(x ^ { 3 } + p x + q = 0\) has a repeated root. Prove that \(4 p ^ { 3 } + 27 q ^ { 2 } = 0\).

Question 1:
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMarks Guidance
Let roots be \(\alpha, \alpha, \beta\) N.B. Not \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\)
(1) \(2\alpha + \beta = 0\)M1 Writes down sum of roots
(2) \(2\alpha\beta + \alpha^2 = p\)A1 Sum of products in pairs
(3) \(\alpha^2\beta = -q\)A1 Product of roots
From (1) \(\beta = -2\alpha\)
(2) \(\Rightarrow -4\alpha^2 + \alpha^2 = p \Rightarrow p = -3\alpha^2\)M1 Eliminates \(\beta\) (or \(\alpha\))
(3) \(\Rightarrow -2\alpha^3 = -q \Rightarrow q = 2\alpha^3\)
\(\alpha^6 = \left(-\frac{p}{3}\right)^3 = \left(\frac{q}{2}\right)^2 \Rightarrow 4p^3 + 27q^2 = 0\) (AG)A1 Equates power of \(\alpha\) (or \(\beta\)); Total: 5 marks
# Question 1:

| Answer/Working | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Let roots be $\alpha, \alpha, \beta$ | | N.B. Not $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ |
| (1) $2\alpha + \beta = 0$ | M1 | Writes down sum of roots |
| (2) $2\alpha\beta + \alpha^2 = p$ | A1 | Sum of products in pairs |
| (3) $\alpha^2\beta = -q$ | A1 | Product of roots |
| From (1) $\beta = -2\alpha$ | | |
| (2) $\Rightarrow -4\alpha^2 + \alpha^2 = p \Rightarrow p = -3\alpha^2$ | M1 | Eliminates $\beta$ (or $\alpha$) |
| (3) $\Rightarrow -2\alpha^3 = -q \Rightarrow q = 2\alpha^3$ | | |
| $\alpha^6 = \left(-\frac{p}{3}\right)^3 = \left(\frac{q}{2}\right)^2 \Rightarrow 4p^3 + 27q^2 = 0$ (AG) | A1 | Equates power of $\alpha$ (or $\beta$); Total: 5 marks |

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1 The equation $x ^ { 3 } + p x + q = 0$ has a repeated root. Prove that $4 p ^ { 3 } + 27 q ^ { 2 } = 0$.

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE FP1 2011 Q1 [5]}}