Express \(( 2 + \sqrt { 3 } ) ^ { 2 }\) in the form \(a + b \sqrt { 3 }\) where \(a\) and \(b\) are integers to be determined.
Given that \(x\) and \(y\) are integers, prove that \(\frac { 1 } { x - \sqrt { y } } + \frac { 1 } { x + \sqrt { y } }\) can be written in the form \(\frac { p } { q }\) where \(p\) and \(q\) are both integers.