Edexcel F2 2021 June — Question 8 11 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleF2 (Further Pure Mathematics 2)
Year2021
SessionJune
Marks11
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicFirst order differential equations (integrating factor)
TypeBernoulli equation
DifficultyChallenging +1.2 This is a standard Bernoulli equation from Further Maths requiring a given substitution (part a) followed by solving a linear first-order ODE with integrating factor (part b). While it involves multiple steps and Further Maths content, the substitution is provided and the techniques are routine applications of the syllabus with no novel insight required.
Spec4.10c Integrating factor: first order equations

8. (a) Show that the substitution \(v = y ^ { - 2 }\) transforms the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 6 x y = 3 x \mathrm { e } ^ { x ^ { 2 } } y ^ { 3 } \quad x > 0$$ into the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } v } { \mathrm {~d} x } - 12 v x = - 6 x \mathrm { e } ^ { x ^ { 2 } } \quad x > 0$$ (b) Hence find the general solution of the differential equation (I), giving your answer in the form \(y ^ { 2 } = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
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Q8

Question 8:
Part (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMarks Guidance
\(v = y^{-2}\), \(\frac{dv}{dy} = -2y^{-3}\)B1 Correct derivative
\(\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{dv} \times \frac{dv}{dx} = -\frac{y^3}{2}\frac{dv}{dx}\)M1A1 Attempt \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) or \(\frac{dv}{dx}\) using the chain rule; correct
Substitute into equation to obtain equation in \(v\) and \(x\) onlydM1 Substitute in equation (I) to obtain an equation in \(v\) and \(x\) only
\(\frac{dv}{dx} - 12vx = -6xe^{x^2}\)A1* Correct completion with no errors seen
(5 marks)
Part (b):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Working/AnswerMarks Guidance
IF: \(e^{\int -12x\,dx} = e^{-6x^2}\)M1A1 IF of form \(e^{\int \pm 12x\,dx}\) and attempt the integration; correct IF
\(ve^{-6x^2} = \int -6xe^{x^2} \times (e^{-6x^2})\,dx = \int -6xe^{-5x^2}\,dx\)dM1 Multiply through by their IF and integrate the LHS. Depends on first M mark of (b)
\(ve^{-6x^2} = \frac{6}{10}e^{-5x^2}\ (+c)\)A1 Correct integration of the complete equation with or without constant
\(v\,(= y^{-2}) = \frac{6}{10}e^{x^2} + ce^{6x^2}\)ddM1 Include the constant and multiply through by \(e^{6x^2}\). Depends on both previous M marks of (b)
\(y^2 = \frac{1}{\frac{6}{10}e^{x^2} + ce^{6x^2}}\) or e.g. \(y^2 = \frac{10}{6e^{x^2} + ke^{6x^2}}\)A1 Any equivalent form (no need to change letter used for constant when rearranging)
(6 marks) [11 total]
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There is no mark scheme content visible on this page to extract.
# Question 8:

## Part (a):

| Working/Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $v = y^{-2}$, $\frac{dv}{dy} = -2y^{-3}$ | B1 | Correct derivative |
| $\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{dv} \times \frac{dv}{dx} = -\frac{y^3}{2}\frac{dv}{dx}$ | M1A1 | Attempt $\frac{dy}{dx}$ or $\frac{dv}{dx}$ using the chain rule; correct |
| Substitute into equation to obtain equation in $v$ and $x$ only | dM1 | Substitute in equation (I) to obtain an equation in $v$ and $x$ only |
| $\frac{dv}{dx} - 12vx = -6xe^{x^2}$ | A1* | Correct completion with no errors seen |

**(5 marks)**

## Part (b):

| Working/Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| IF: $e^{\int -12x\,dx} = e^{-6x^2}$ | M1A1 | IF of form $e^{\int \pm 12x\,dx}$ and attempt the integration; correct IF |
| $ve^{-6x^2} = \int -6xe^{x^2} \times (e^{-6x^2})\,dx = \int -6xe^{-5x^2}\,dx$ | dM1 | Multiply through by their IF and integrate the LHS. Depends on first M mark of (b) |
| $ve^{-6x^2} = \frac{6}{10}e^{-5x^2}\ (+c)$ | A1 | Correct integration of the complete equation with or without constant |
| $v\,(= y^{-2}) = \frac{6}{10}e^{x^2} + ce^{6x^2}$ | ddM1 | Include the constant and multiply through by $e^{6x^2}$. Depends on both previous M marks of (b) |
| $y^2 = \frac{1}{\frac{6}{10}e^{x^2} + ce^{6x^2}}$ or e.g. $y^2 = \frac{10}{6e^{x^2} + ke^{6x^2}}$ | A1 | Any equivalent form (no need to change letter used for constant when rearranging) |

**(6 marks) [11 total]**

The image appears to be essentially blank/empty - it only shows "PMT" in the top right corner, a page number "22" at the bottom center, "1" at the bottom right, and the Pearson Education Limited copyright notice at the bottom.

There is no mark scheme content visible on this page to extract.
8. (a) Show that the substitution $v = y ^ { - 2 }$ transforms the differential equation

$$\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } + 6 x y = 3 x \mathrm { e } ^ { x ^ { 2 } } y ^ { 3 } \quad x > 0$$

into the differential equation

$$\frac { \mathrm { d } v } { \mathrm {~d} x } - 12 v x = - 6 x \mathrm { e } ^ { x ^ { 2 } } \quad x > 0$$

(b) Hence find the general solution of the differential equation (I), giving your answer in the form $y ^ { 2 } = \mathrm { f } ( x )$.\\

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