OCR MEI M3 (Mechanics 3) 2011 January

2

1. A particle P , of mass 48 kg , is moving in a horizontal circle of radius 8.4 m at a constant speed of \(V \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\), in contact with a smooth horizontal surface. A light inextensible rope of length 30 m connects P to a fixed point A which is vertically above the centre C of the circle, as shown in Fig. 2.1. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2dd5719-bef3-45f2-afd2-c481e6a4b129-3_526_490_482_870} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.1}
   \end{figure}
   1. Given that \(V = 3.5\), find the tension in the rope and the normal reaction of the surface on P .
   2. Calculate the value of \(V\) for which the normal reaction is zero.
2. The particle P , of mass 48 kg , is now placed on the highest point of a fixed solid sphere with centre O and radius 2.5 m . The surface of the sphere is smooth. The particle P is given an initial horizontal velocity of \(u \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\), and it then moves in part of a vertical circle with centre O and radius 2.5 m . When OP makes an angle \(\theta\) with the upward vertical and P is still in contact with the surface of the sphere, P has speed \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) and the normal reaction of the sphere on P is \(R \mathrm {~N}\), as shown in Fig. 2.2. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2dd5719-bef3-45f2-afd2-c481e6a4b129-3_590_617_1706_804} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.2}
   \end{figure}
   1. Show that \(v ^ { 2 } = u ^ { 2 } + 49 - 49 \cos \theta\).
   2. Find an expression for \(R\) in terms of \(u\) and \(v\).
   3. Given that P loses contact with the surface of the sphere at the instant when its speed is \(4.15 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\), find the value of \(u\).

3 A block of mass 200 kg is connected to a horizontal ceiling by four identical light elastic ropes, each having natural length 7 m and stiffness \(180 \mathrm {~N} \mathrm {~m} ^ { - 1 }\). It is also connected to the floor by a single light elastic rope having stiffness \(80 \mathrm { Nm } ^ { - 1 }\). Throughout this question you may assume that all five ropes are stretched and vertical, and you may neglect air resistance. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Fig. 3 shows the block resting in equilibrium, with each of the top ropes having length 10 m and the bottom rope having length 8 m .

1. Find the tension in one of the top ropes.
2. Find the natural length of the bottom rope. The block now moves vertically up and down. At time \(t\) seconds, the block is \(x\) metres below its equilibrium position.
3. Show that \(\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } x } { \mathrm {~d} t ^ { 2 } } = - 4 x\). The motion is started by pulling the block down 2.2 m below its equilibrium position and releasing it from rest. The block then executes simple harmonic motion with amplitude 2.2 m .
4. Find the maximum magnitude of the acceleration of the block.
5. Find the speed of the block when it has travelled 3.8 m from its starting point.
6. Find the distance travelled by the block in the first 5 s .

4

1. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2dd5719-bef3-45f2-afd2-c481e6a4b129-5_705_501_260_863} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 4.1}
   \end{figure} The region \(R\), shown in Fig. 4.1, is bounded by the curve \(x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } = k ^ { 2 }\) for \(k \leqslant x \leqslant 4 k\) and the line \(x = 4 k\), where \(k\) is a positive constant. Find the \(x\)-coordinate of the centre of mass of the uniform solid of revolution formed when \(R\) is rotated about the \(x\)-axis.
2. A uniform lamina occupies the region bounded by the curve \(y = \frac { x ^ { 3 } } { a ^ { 2 } }\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 a\), the \(x\)-axis and the line \(x = 2 a\), where \(a\) is a positive constant. The vertices of the lamina are \(\mathrm { O } ( 0,0 ) , \mathrm { A } ( 2 a , 8 a )\) and \(\mathrm { B } ( 2 a , 0 )\), as shown in Fig. 4.2. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2dd5719-bef3-45f2-afd2-c481e6a4b129-5_714_509_1546_858} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 4.2}
   \end{figure}
   1. Find the coordinates of the centre of mass of the lamina.
   2. The lamina is freely suspended from the point A and hangs in equilibrium. Find the angle that AB makes with the vertical.