OCR MEI Further Pure Core (Further Pure Core) 2020 November

1 Using standard summation of series formulae, determine the sum of the first \(n\) terms of the series \(( 1 \times 2 \times 4 ) + ( 2 \times 3 \times 5 ) + ( 3 \times 4 \times 6 ) + \ldots\),
where \(n\) is a positive integer. Give your answer in fully factorised form.

2

1. The matrices \(\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { c c c } 0 & 1 & a
   1 & b & 0 \end{array} \right)\) and \(\mathbf { N } = \left( \begin{array} { c c } b & - 5
   - 1 & c
   - 1 & 1 \end{array} \right)\) are such that \(\mathbf { M } \mathbf { N } = \mathbf { I }\).
   Find \(a , b\) and \(c\).
2. State with a reason whether or not \(\mathbf { N }\) is the inverse of \(\mathbf { M }\).

3 In this question you must show detailed reasoning.
Find \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { 1 } { 3 } } \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 4 - 9 x ^ { 2 } } } \mathrm {~d} x\), expressing your answer in terms of \(\pi\).

4 The roots of the equation \(2 x ^ { 3 } - 5 x + 7 = 0\) are \(\alpha , \beta\) and \(\gamma\).

1. Find \(\frac { 1 } { \alpha } + \frac { 1 } { \beta } + \frac { 1 } { \gamma }\).
2. Find an equation with integer coefficients whose roots are \(2 \alpha - 1,2 \beta - 1\) and \(2 \gamma - 1\).

5 Fig. 5 shows the curve with polar equation \(r = a ( 3 + 2 \cos \theta )\) for \(- \pi \leqslant \theta \leqslant \pi\), where \(a\) is a constant. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure}

1. Write down the polar coordinates of the points A and B .
2. Explain why the curve is symmetrical about the initial line.
3. In this question you must show detailed reasoning. Find in terms of \(a\) the exact area of the region enclosed by the curve.

6 The complex number \(z\) satisfies the equation \(z ^ { 2 } - 4 \mathrm { i } z ^ { * } + 11 = 0\).
Given that \(\operatorname { Re } ( z ) > 0\), find \(z\) in the form \(a + b \mathrm { i }\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are real numbers. Section B (108 marks)
Answer all the questions.

7 Prove by mathematical induction that \(\sum _ { r = 1 } ^ { n } ( r \times r ! ) = ( n + 1 ) ! - 1\) for all positive integers \(n\).

8

1. Given that the lines \(\mathbf { r } = \left( \begin{array} { l } 0
   2
   2 \end{array} \right) + \lambda \left( \begin{array} { r } - 1
   1
   3 \end{array} \right)\) and \(\mathbf { r } = \left( \begin{array} { r } - 1
   2
   k \end{array} \right) + \mu \left( \begin{array} { l } 2
   3
   4 \end{array} \right)\) meet, determine \(k\).
2. In this question you must show detailed reasoning. Find the acute angle between the two lines.

9 A linear transformation of the plane is represented by the matrix \(\mathbf { M } = \left( \begin{array} { r r } 1 & - 2
\lambda & 3 \end{array} \right)\), where \(\lambda\) is a
constant. constant.

1. Find the set of values of \(\lambda\) for which the linear transformation has no invariant lines through the origin.
2. Given that the transformation multiplies areas by 5 and reverses orientation, find the invariant lines.

1. Write down, in exponential ( \(r \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { i } \theta }\) ) form, the complex numbers represented by the points \(\mathrm { A } , \mathrm { B }\), \(\mathrm { C } , \mathrm { D } , \mathrm { E }\) and F .
2. When these complex numbers are multiplied by the complex number \(w\), the resulting complex numbers are represented by the points G, H, I, J, K and L. Find \(w\) in exponential form.
3. You are given that \(\mathrm { G } , \mathrm { H } , \mathrm { I } , \mathrm { J } , \mathrm { K }\) and L represent roots of the equation \(z ^ { 6 } = p\). Find \(p\).

11 In this question you must show detailed reasoning. In Fig. 11, the points \(\mathrm { A } , \mathrm { B } , \mathrm { C } , \mathrm { D } , \mathrm { E }\) and F represent the complex sixth roots of 64 on an Argand diagram. The midpoints of \(\mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { BC } , \mathrm { CD } , \mathrm { DE } , \mathrm { EF }\) and FA are \(\mathrm { G } , \mathrm { H } , \mathrm { I } , \mathrm { J } , \mathrm { K }\) and L respectively. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure}

1. Write down, in exponential ( \(r \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { i } \theta }\) ) form, the complex numbers represented by the points \(\mathrm { A } , \mathrm { B }\), \(\mathrm { C } , \mathrm { D } , \mathrm { E }\) and F .
2. When these complex numbers are multiplied by the complex number \(w\), the resulting complex numbers are represented by the points G, H, I, J, K and L. Find \(w\) in exponential form.
3. You are given that \(\mathrm { G } , \mathrm { H } , \mathrm { I } , \mathrm { J } , \mathrm { K }\) and L represent roots of the equation \(z ^ { 6 } = p\). Find \(p\).

12

1. Given that \(z = \cos \theta + \mathrm { i } \sin \theta\), express \(z ^ { n } + \frac { 1 } { z ^ { n } }\) and \(z ^ { n } - \frac { 1 } { z ^ { n } }\) in simplified trigonometric form.
2. By considering \(\left( z + \frac { 1 } { z } \right) ^ { 3 } \left( z - \frac { 1 } { z } \right) ^ { 3 }\), find constants \(A\) and \(B\) such that \(\sin ^ { 3 } \theta \cos ^ { 3 } \theta = A \sin 6 \theta + B \sin 2 \theta\).

13

1. Using exponentials, prove that \(\sinh 2 x = 2 \cosh x \sinh x\).
2. Hence show that if \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = \sinh ^ { 2 } x\), then \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) = 2 \cosh 2 x\).
3. Explain why the coefficients of odd powers in the Maclaurin series for \(\sinh ^ { 2 } x\) are all zero.
4. Find the coefficient of \(x ^ { n }\) in this series when \(n\) is a positive even number.

14 Solve the simultaneous differential equations
\(\frac { \mathrm { d } x } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 2 x = 4 y , \quad \frac { \mathrm {~d} y } { \mathrm {~d} t } + 3 x = 5 y\),
given that when \(t = 0 , x = 0\) and \(y = 1\).

15

1. Show that the three planes with equations $$\begin{aligned} x + \lambda y + 3 z & = - 12
   2 x + y + 5 z & = - 11
   x - 2 y + 2 z & = - 9 \end{aligned}$$ where \(\lambda\) is a constant, meet at a unique point except for one value of \(\lambda\) which is to be determined.
2. In the case \(\lambda = - 2\), use matrices to find the point of intersection P of the planes, showing your method clearly. The line \(l\) has equation \(\frac { x - 1 } { 2 } = \frac { y - 1 } { - 1 } = \frac { z + 2 } { - 2 }\).
3. Find a vector equation of \(l\).
4. Find the shortest distance between the point P and \(l\).
5. 1. Show that \(l\) is parallel to the plane \(x - 2 y + 2 z = - 9\).
   2. Find the distance between \(l\) and the plane \(x - 2 y + 2 z = - 9\).

16 The population density \(P\), in suitable units, of a certain bacterium at time \(t\) hours is to be modelled by a differential equation. Initially, the population density is zero, and its long-term value is \(A\).

1. One simple model is to assume that the rate of change of population density is directly proportional to \(A - P\).
   1. Formulate a differential equation for this model.
   2. Verify that \(P = A \left( 1 - \mathrm { e } ^ { - k t } \right)\), where \(k\) is a positive constant, satisfies
      • this differential equation,
2. the initial condition,
3. the long-term condition.
An alternative model uses the differential equation $$\frac { \mathrm { d } P } { \mathrm {~d} t } - \frac { P } { t \left( 1 + t ^ { 2 } \right) } = \mathrm { Q } ( t )$$ where \(\mathrm { Q } ( t )\) is a function of \(t\).
4. Find the integrating factor for this differential equation, showing that it can be written in the $$\text { form } \frac { \sqrt { 1 + t ^ { 2 } } } { t } \text {. }$$
5. Suppose that \(\mathrm { Q } ( t ) = 0\). $$\text { (i) Show that } P = \frac { A t } { \sqrt { 1 + t ^ { 2 } } } \text {. }$$ (ii) Find the time predicted by this model for the population density to reach half its longterm value. Give your answer correct to the nearest minute.
6. Now suppose that \(\mathrm { Q } ( t ) = \frac { t \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } } { \sqrt { 1 + t ^ { 2 } } }\). $$\text { Show that } \left. P = \frac { A t - t e ^ { - t } } { \sqrt { 1 + t ^ { 2 } } } \text {. [You may assume that } \lim _ { t \rightarrow \infty } t e ^ { - t } = 0 . \right]$$ It is found that the long-term value of \(P\) is 10, and \(P\) reaches half this value after 37 minutes.
7. Determine which of the models proposed in parts (c) and (d) is more consistent with these data.