Deriving standard centre of mass formulae by integration

A question is this type if and only if it requires using algebraic integration to derive/prove the standard centre of mass formula for a hemisphere, cone, or other standard solid (e.g., showing centre of mass of hemisphere is 3r/8 from base, or cone is 3h/4 from vertex).

5 questions · Challenging +1.0

6.04d Integration: for centre of mass of laminas/solids6.04e Rigid body equilibrium: coplanar forces
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Edexcel M3 2016 January Q6
14 marks Challenging +1.2
6. (a) Use algebraic integration to show that the centre of mass of a uniform solid hemisphere of radius \(r\) is at a distance \(\frac { 3 } { 8 } r\) from the centre of its plane face.
[0pt] [You may assume that the volume of a sphere of radius \(r\) is \(\frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi r ^ { 3 }\) ]
(5) \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{ffe0bc72-3136-48d9-9d5b-4a364d134070-09_351_597_598_678} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 3}
\end{figure} A uniform solid hemisphere of mass \(m\) and radius \(r\) is joined to a uniform solid right circular cone to form a solid \(S\). The cone has mass \(M\), base radius \(r\) and height \(4 r\). The vertex of the cone is \(O\). The plane face of the cone coincides with the plane face of the hemisphere, as shown in Figure 3.
(b) Find the distance of the centre of mass of \(S\) from \(O\). The point \(A\) lies on the circumference of the base of the cone. The solid is placed on a horizontal table with \(O A\) in contact with the table. The solid remains in equilibrium in this position.
(c) Show that \(M \geqslant \frac { 1 } { 10 } m\)
Edexcel M3 2018 June Q6
13 marks Challenging +1.2
6. A uniform solid right circular cone has base radius \(r\) and height \(h\).
  1. Use algebraic integration to show that the distance of the centre of mass of the cone from its vertex is \(\frac { 3 } { 4 } h\).
    [0pt] [You may assume that the volume of a cone of base radius \(r\) and height \(h\) is \(\frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi r ^ { 2 } h\) ] \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{2273ca38-1e16-44ab-ae84-f4c576cbb8f9-20_394_716_632_621} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 3}
    \end{figure} A solid \(S\) is formed by joining a uniform right circular solid cone of mass \(5 m\) to a uniform solid hemisphere, of radius \(r\) and mass \(k m\) where \(k < 20\). The cone has base radius \(r\) and height \(6 r\). The plane face of the cone coincides with the plane face of the hemisphere. The centre of the plane face of the cone is \(O\) and the point \(A\) is on the circular edge of this plane face, as shown in Figure 3.
  2. Find the distance from \(O\) to the centre of mass of \(S\). The solid is suspended from \(A\) and hangs freely in equilibrium. The angle between the axis of the cone and the horizontal is \(30 ^ { \circ }\).
  3. Find, to the nearest whole number, the value of \(k\).
Edexcel M3 2016 June Q7
17 marks Challenging +1.2
  1. Use algebraic integration to show that the centre of mass of a uniform solid right circular cone of height \(h\) is at a distance \(\frac{3}{4}h\) from the vertex of the cone. [You may assume that the volume of a cone of height \(h\) and base radius \(r\) is \(\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h\)] [5]
\includegraphics{figure_2} A uniform solid \(S\) consists of a right circular cone, of radius \(r\) and height \(5r\), fixed to a hemisphere of radius \(r\). The centre of the plane face of the hemisphere is \(O\) and this plane face coincides with the base of the cone, as shown in Figure 2.
  1. Find the distance of the centre of mass of \(S\) from \(O\). [5]
The point \(A\) lies on the circumference of the base of the cone. The solid is suspended by a string attached at \(A\) and hangs freely in equilibrium.
  1. Find the size of the angle between \(OA\) and the vertical. [3]
The mass of the hemisphere is \(M\). A particle of mass \(kM\) is fixed to the surface of the hemisphere on the axis of symmetry of \(S\). The solid is again suspended by the string attached at \(A\) and hangs freely in equilibrium. The axis of symmetry of \(S\) is now horizontal.
  1. Find the value of \(k\). [4]
OCR MEI Further Mechanics Major 2020 November Q8
13 marks Standard +0.8
[In this question, you may use the fact that the volume of a right circular cone of base radius \(r\) and height \(h\) is \(\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h\).]
  1. By using integration, show that the centre of mass of a uniform solid right circular cone of height \(h\) and base radius \(r\) is at a distance \(\frac{3}{4}h\) from the vertex. [5]
\includegraphics{figure_8} Fig. 8 shows the side view of a toy formed by joining a uniform solid circular cylinder of radius \(r\) and height \(2r\) to a uniform solid right circular cone, made of the same material as the cylinder, of radius \(r\) and height \(r\). The toy is placed on a horizontal floor with the curved surface of the cone in contact with the floor.
  1. Determine whether the toy will topple. [7]
  2. Explain why it is not necessary to know whether the floor is rough or smooth in answering part (b). [1]
SPS SPS FM Mechanics 2021 January Q2
11 marks Standard +0.8
The triangular region shown below is rotated through \(360°\) around the \(x\)-axis, to form a solid cone. \includegraphics{figure_1} The coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are \((0, 0)\), \((8, 0)\) and \((0, 4)\). All units are in centimetres.
  1. State an assumption that you should make about the cone in order to find the position of its centre of mass. [1 mark]
  2. Using integration, prove that the centre of mass of the cone is \(2\)cm from its plane face. [5 marks]
  3. The cone is placed with its plane face on a rough board. One end of the board is lifted so that the angle between the board and the horizontal is gradually increased. Eventually the cone topples without sliding.
    1. Find the angle between the board and the horizontal when the cone topples, giving your answer to the nearest degree. [2 marks]
    2. Find the range of possible values for the coefficient of friction between the cone and the board. [3 marks]