Motion on rough inclined plane

A question is this type if and only if it involves a particle sliding on a rough plane with friction, requiring energy methods to find coefficient of friction or distances.

20 questions · Standard +0.0

6.02i Conservation of energy: mechanical energy principle
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CAIE M1 2023 June Q7
10 marks Standard +0.3
7 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{2a680bda-4ba2-44eb-8592-95b4e1aed263-10_525_885_264_625} The diagram shows the vertical cross-section \(X Y Z\) of a rough slide. The section \(Y Z\) is a straight line of length 2 m inclined at an angle of \(\alpha\) to the horizontal, where \(\sin \alpha = 0.28\). The section \(Y Z\) is tangential to the curved section \(X Y\) at \(Y\), and \(X\) is 1.8 m above the level of \(Y\). A child of mass 25 kg slides down the slide, starting from rest at \(X\). The work done by the child against the resistance force in moving from \(X\) to \(Y\) is 50 J .
  1. Find the speed of the child at \(Y\).
    It is given that the child comes to rest at \(Z\).
  2. Use an energy method to find the coefficient of friction between the child and \(Y Z\), giving your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
    If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
CAIE M1 2004 June Q4
7 marks Moderate -0.8
4 The top of an inclined plane is at a height of 0.7 m above the bottom. A block of mass 0.2 kg is released from rest at the top of the plane and slides a distance of 2.5 m to the bottom. Find the kinetic energy of the block when it reaches the bottom of the plane in each of the following cases:
  1. the plane is smooth,
  2. the coefficient of friction between the plane and the block is 0.15 .
CAIE M1 2011 June Q2
4 marks Moderate -0.3
2 An object of mass 8 kg slides down a line of greatest slope of an inclined plane. Its initial speed at the top of the plane is \(3 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) and its speed at the bottom of the plane is \(8 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). The work done against the resistance to motion of the object is 120 J . Find the height of the top of the plane above the level of the bottom.
CAIE M1 2015 June Q3
5 marks Moderate -0.3
3 A plane is inclined at an angle of \(\sin ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 8 } \right)\) to the horizontal. \(A\) and \(B\) are two points on the same line of greatest slope with \(A\) higher than \(B\). The distance \(A B\) is 12 m . A small object \(P\) of mass 8 kg is released from rest at \(A\) and slides down the plane, passing through \(B\) with speed \(4.5 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\). For the motion of \(P\) from \(A\) to \(B\), find
  1. the increase in kinetic energy of \(P\) and the decrease in potential energy of \(P\),
  2. the magnitude of the constant resisting force that opposes the motion of \(P\).
CAIE M1 2016 June Q3
6 marks Standard +0.3
3 A particle of mass 8 kg is projected with a speed of \(5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) up a line of greatest slope of a rough plane inclined at an angle \(\alpha\) to the horizontal, where \(\sin \alpha = \frac { 5 } { 13 }\). The motion of the particle is resisted by a constant frictional force of magnitude 15 N . The particle comes to instantaneous rest after travelling a distance \(x \mathrm {~m}\) up the plane.
  1. Express the change in gravitational potential energy of the particle in terms of \(x\).
  2. Use an energy method to find \(x\).
CAIE M1 2019 June Q5
12 marks Standard +0.3
5 A particle of mass 18 kg is on a plane inclined at an angle of \(30 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. The particle is projected up a line of greatest slope of the plane with a speed of \(20 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\).
  1. Given that the plane is smooth, use an energy method to find the distance the particle moves up the plane before coming to instantaneous rest.
  2. Given instead that the plane is rough and the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane is 0.25 , find the speed of the particle as it returns to its starting point.
CAIE M1 2010 November Q5
9 marks Standard +0.3
5 A particle of mass 0.8 kg slides down a rough inclined plane along a line of greatest slope \(A B\). The distance \(A B\) is 8 m . The particle starts at \(A\) with speed \(3 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) and moves with constant acceleration \(2.5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 2 }\).
  1. Find the speed of the particle at the instant it reaches \(B\).
  2. Given that the work done against the frictional force as the particle moves from \(A\) to \(B\) is 7 J , find the angle of inclination of the plane. When the particle is at the point \(X\) its speed is the same as the average speed for the motion from \(A\) to \(B\).
  3. Find the work done by the frictional force for the particle's motion from \(A\) to \(X\).
Edexcel M2 2017 October Q3
7 marks Standard +0.3
3. A particle \(P\) of mass 4 kg moves from point \(A\) to point \(B\) down a line of greatest slope of a fixed rough plane. The plane is inclined at \(40 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal and \(A B = 12 \mathrm {~m}\). The coefficient of friction between \(P\) and the plane is 0.5
  1. Find the work done against friction as \(P\) moves from \(A\) to \(B\). Given that the speed of \(P\) at \(B\) is \(24 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\)
  2. use the work-energy principle to find the speed of \(P\) at \(A\).
Edexcel M2 Specimen Q2
8 marks Standard +0.3
2 A particle \(P\) of mass 0.6 kg is released from rest and slides down a line of greatest slope of a rough plane. The plane is inclined at \(30 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. When P has moved 12 m , its speed is \(4 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). Given that friction is the only non-gravitational resistive force acting on P , find
  1. the work done against friction as the speed of \(P\) increases from \(0 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) to \(4 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\),
  2. the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane.
Edexcel M2 2004 June Q7
17 marks Standard +0.3
7. \begin{figure}[h]
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2} \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{8e694174-b9a9-4018-8896-31a3b4f0d344-5_424_1324_264_383}
\end{figure} In a ski-jump competition, a skier of mass 80 kg moves from rest at a point \(A\) on a ski-slope. The skier's path is an arc \(A B\). The starting point \(A\) of the slope is 32.5 m above horizontal ground. The end \(B\) of the slope is 8.1 m above the ground. When the skier reaches \(B\), she is travelling at \(20 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\), and moving upwards at an angle \(\alpha\) to the horizontal, where \(\tan \alpha = \frac { 3 } { 4 }\), as shown in Fig. 2. The distance along the slope from \(A\) to \(B\) is 60 m . The resistance to motion while she is on the slope is modelled as a force of constant magnitude \(R\) newtons. By using the work-energy principle,
  1. find the value of \(R\). On reaching \(B\), the skier then moves through the air and reaches the ground at the point \(C\). The motion of the skier in moving from \(B\) to \(C\) is modelled as that of a particle moving freely under gravity.
  2. Find the time for the skier to move from \(B\) to \(C\).
  3. Find the horizontal distance from \(B\) to \(C\).
  4. Find the speed of the skier immediately before she reaches \(C\). END
OCR MEI Further Mechanics Minor 2024 June Q3
9 marks Standard +0.3
3 The diagram shows the three points A, B and C that lie along a line of greatest slope on a rough plane which is inclined at an angle of \(25 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{0a790ad0-7eda-40f1-9894-f156766ae46f-3_392_1136_383_242} A block of mass 6 kg is placed at B and is projected up the plane towards C with an initial speed of \(u \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). The block travels 3.5 m before coming instantaneously to rest at C , before sliding back down the plane. When the block is sliding back down the plane it attains its initial speed at A , which lies \(x \mathrm {~m}\) down the plane from B . It is given that the work done against resistance throughout the motion is 4 joules per metre.
  1. Use an energy method to determine the following.
    1. The value of \(u\)
    2. The value of \(x\) A student claims that half of the energy lost due to resistances is accounted for by friction between the block and the plane, and the other half by air resistance.
  2. Assuming that the student's claim is correct, determine the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane.
OCR MEI Further Mechanics Minor 2020 November Q4
8 marks Challenging +1.2
4 A block of mass 20 kg is placed on a rough plane inclined at an angle \(30 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. The block is pulled up the plane by a constant force acting parallel to a line of greatest slope.
The block passes through points A and B on the plane with speeds \(9 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) and \(4 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) respectively with B higher up the plane than A . The distance between A and B is \(x \mathrm {~m}\) and the coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is \(\frac { \sqrt { 3 } } { 49 }\). Use an energy method to determine the range of possible values of \(x\).
CAIE M1 2014 November Q6
9 marks Standard +0.3
  1. the work done against the frictional force acting on \(B\),
  2. the loss of potential energy of the system,
  3. the gain in kinetic energy of the system. At the instant when \(B\) has moved 0.9 m the string breaks. \(A\) is at a height of 0.54 m above a horizontal floor at this instant.
    (ii) Find the speed with which \(A\) reaches the floor. \(6 \quad A B C\) is a line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at angle \(\alpha\) to the horizontal, where \(\sin \alpha = 0.28\) and \(\cos \alpha = 0.96\). The point \(A\) is at the top of the plane, the point \(C\) is at the bottom of the plane and the length of \(A C\) is 5 m . The part of the plane above the level of \(B\) is smooth and the part below the level of \(B\) is rough. A particle \(P\) is released from rest at \(A\) and reaches \(C\) with a speed of \(2 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). The coefficient of friction between \(P\) and the part of the plane below \(B\) is 0.5 . Find
    1. the acceleration of \(P\) while moving
      1. from \(A\) to \(B\),
      2. from \(B\) to \(C\),
      3. the distance \(A B\),
      4. the time taken for \(P\) to move from \(A\) to \(C\).
Pre-U Pre-U 9795/2 2016 June Q8
5 marks Moderate -0.3
8 A rough plane is inclined at \(20 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. A particle of mass 0.4 kg is projected down the plane, along a line of greatest slope, at \(0.5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). After it has travelled 3 m down the plane its speed is \(2.5 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). By considering the change in energy, find the magnitude of the frictional force, assumed constant.
Pre-U Pre-U 9795/2 2016 Specimen Q7
Moderate -0.3
7 A child of mass 20 kg slides down a rough slope of length 16 m against a constant frictional force \(F \mathrm {~N}\). Starting with an initial speed of \(2 \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }\) at a point 8 m above the ground, she reaches the ground with a speed of \(6 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). Find the value of \(F\).
Pre-U Pre-U 9795/2 2019 Specimen Q7
4 marks Moderate -0.5
7 A child of mass 20 kg slides down a rough slope of length 16 m against a constant frictional force \(F \mathrm {~N}\). Starting with an initial speed of \(2 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) at a point 8 m above the ground, she reaches the ground with a speed of \(6 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). Find the value of \(F\).
CAIE M1 2019 March Q7
11 marks Standard +0.3
\includegraphics{figure_7} The diagram shows the vertical cross-section \(PQR\) of a slide. The part \(PQ\) is a straight line of length \(8\) m inclined at angle \(α\) to the horizontal, where \(\sin α = 0.8\). The straight part \(PQ\) is tangential to the curved part \(QR\) at \(Q\), and \(R\) is \(h\) m above the level of \(P\). The straight part \(PQ\) of the slide is rough and the curved part \(QR\) is smooth. A particle of mass \(0.25\) kg is projected with speed \(15\) m s\(^{-1}\) from \(P\) towards \(Q\) and comes to rest at \(R\). The coefficient of friction between the particle and \(PQ\) is \(0.5\).
  1. Find the work done by the friction force during the motion of the particle from \(P\) to \(Q\). [4]
  2. Hence find the speed of the particle at \(Q\). [4]
  3. Find the value of \(h\). [3]
Edexcel M2 2007 January Q1
6 marks Moderate -0.8
A particle of mass 0.8 kg is moving in a straight line on a rough horizontal plane. The speed of the particle is reduced from 15 m s\(^{-1}\) to 10 m s\(^{-1}\) as the particle moves 20 m. Assuming that the only resistance to motion is the friction between the particle and the plane, find
  1. the work done by friction in reducing the speed of the particle from 15 m s\(^{-1}\) to 10 m s\(^{-1}\), [2]
  2. the coefficient of friction between the particle and the plane. [4]
OCR MEI M2 2007 January Q4
17 marks Standard +0.3
Some tiles on a roof are being replaced. Each tile has a mass of 2 kg and the coefficient of friction between it and the existing roof is 0.75. The roof is at \(30°\) to the horizontal and the bottom of the roof is 6 m above horizontal ground, as shown in Fig. 4. \includegraphics{figure_4}
  1. Calculate the limiting frictional force between a tile and the roof. A tile is placed on the roof. Does it slide? (Your answer should be supported by a calculation.) [5]
  2. The tiles are raised 6 m from the ground, the only work done being against gravity. They are then slid 4 m up the roof and placed at the point A shown in Fig. 4.
    1. Show that each tile gains 156.8 J of gravitational potential energy. [3]
    2. Calculate the work done against friction per tile. [2]
    3. What average power is required to raise 10 tiles per minute from the ground to A? [2]
  3. A tile is kicked from A directly down the roof. When the tile is at B, \(x\) m from the edge of the roof, its speed is \(4 \text{ m s}^{-1}\). It subsequently hits the ground travelling at \(9 \text{ m s}^{-1}\). In the motion of the tile from B to the ground, the work done against sliding and other resistances is 90 J. Use an energy method to find \(x\). [5]
SPS SPS ASFM Mechanics 2021 May Q6
Moderate -0.3
At a demolition site, bricks slide down a straight chute into a container. The chute is rough and is inclined at an angle of \(30°\) to the horizontal. The distance travelled down the chute by each brick is \(8\) m. A brick of mass \(3\) kg is released from rest at the top of the chute. When it reaches the bottom of the chute, its speed is \(5\) m s\(^{-1}\).
  1. Find the potential energy lost by the brick in moving down the chute.
(2)
  1. By using the work-energy principle, or otherwise, find the constant frictional force acting on the brick as it moves down the chute.
(5)
  1. Hence find the coefficient of friction between the brick and the chute.
(3) Another brick of mass \(3\) kg slides down the chute. This brick is given an initial speed of \(2\) m s\(^{-1}\) at the top of the chute.
  1. Find the speed of this brick when it reaches the bottom of the chute.
(5)