| Exam Board | CAIE |
|---|---|
| Module | S1 (Statistics 1) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 11 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Tree Diagrams |
| Type | Probability distribution from tree |
| Difficulty | Moderate -0.8 This is a straightforward two-stage probability problem with clear structure. Parts (i)-(iii) involve routine tree diagram construction and basic probability distribution calculations. Part (iv) requires conditional probability (Bayes' theorem), which is standard S1 content but elevates it slightly above pure recall. Overall, this is easier than average due to small numbers, clear setup, and standard techniques. |
| Spec | 2.03b Probability diagrams: tree, Venn, sample space2.04a Discrete probability distributions |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| Tree diagram: first branches \(\frac{6}{7}\) (T) and \(\frac{1}{7}\) (C), second branches from T: \(\frac{5}{9}\) (T), \(\frac{4}{9}\) (C); from C: \(\frac{6}{9}\) (T), \(\frac{3}{9}\) (C) | B1 | First pair of branches labels and probs correct (\(\frac{6}{7}\) and \(\frac{1}{7}\) or rounding to 0.857 and 0.143). Labelling must be logically e.g. (T and T) or (T and Not T) acceptable |
| B1 | Either of second top pair or bottom pair of branches labels and probs correct | |
| B1 | Both second pairs of branches labels and probs correct. No additional/further branches |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| \(T=0\): \(\frac{3}{63}\) (0.0476(2)), \(T=1\): \(\frac{30}{63}\) (0.476(2)), \(T=2\): \(\frac{30}{63}\) (0.476(2)) | B1 | \(P(1)\) correct |
| B1 | \(P(0)\) or \(P(2)\) correct | |
| B1 | FT Correct values in table; any additional values of \(T\) have stated probability of zero. For FT \(\Sigma p = 1\) |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| \(E(X) = \frac{90}{63}\ \left(\frac{10}{7}\right)\ (1.43)\) | B1 | Not FT |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
| \(P(1^\text{st}\ C \mid 2^\text{nd}\ T) = \frac{P(C\cap T)}{P(T)} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}}{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}+\frac{6}{7}\times\frac{5}{9}} = \frac{\frac{6}{63}}{\frac{36}{63}}\) | B1 | \(P(C\cap T)\) attempt seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with \(their\) tree diagram or correct |
| M1 | Summing 2 appropriate two-factor probabilities, consistent with \(their\) tree diagram or correct seen anywhere | |
| A1 | \(\frac{36}{63}\) oe or correct unsimplified expression seen as numerator or denominator of a fraction | |
| \(\frac{1}{6}\) oe | A1 | Final answer |
## Question 5(i):
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Tree diagram: first branches $\frac{6}{7}$ (T) and $\frac{1}{7}$ (C), second branches from T: $\frac{5}{9}$ (T), $\frac{4}{9}$ (C); from C: $\frac{6}{9}$ (T), $\frac{3}{9}$ (C) | B1 | First pair of branches labels and probs correct ($\frac{6}{7}$ and $\frac{1}{7}$ or rounding to 0.857 and 0.143). Labelling must be logically e.g. (T and T) or (T and Not T) acceptable |
| | B1 | Either of second top pair or bottom pair of branches labels and probs correct |
| | B1 | Both second pairs of branches labels and probs correct. No additional/further branches |
---
## Question 5(ii):
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $T=0$: $\frac{3}{63}$ (0.0476(2)), $T=1$: $\frac{30}{63}$ (0.476(2)), $T=2$: $\frac{30}{63}$ (0.476(2)) | B1 | $P(1)$ correct |
| | B1 | $P(0)$ or $P(2)$ correct |
| | B1 | FT Correct values in table; any additional values of $T$ have stated probability of zero. For FT $\Sigma p = 1$ |
---
## Question 5(iii):
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $E(X) = \frac{90}{63}\ \left(\frac{10}{7}\right)\ (1.43)$ | B1 | Not FT |
---
## Question 5(iv):
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $P(1^\text{st}\ C \mid 2^\text{nd}\ T) = \frac{P(C\cap T)}{P(T)} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}}{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}+\frac{6}{7}\times\frac{5}{9}} = \frac{\frac{6}{63}}{\frac{36}{63}}$ | B1 | $P(C\cap T)$ attempt seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with $their$ tree diagram or correct |
| | M1 | Summing 2 appropriate two-factor probabilities, consistent with $their$ tree diagram or correct seen anywhere |
| | A1 | $\frac{36}{63}$ oe or correct unsimplified expression seen as numerator or denominator of a fraction |
| $\frac{1}{6}$ oe | A1 | Final answer |
5 Maryam has 7 sweets in a tin; 6 are toffees and 1 is a chocolate. She chooses one sweet at random and takes it out. Her friend adds 3 chocolates to the tin. Then Maryam takes another sweet at random out of the tin.\\
(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation.\\
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken.\\
(iii) Find the mean number of toffees taken.\\
(iv) Find the probability that the first sweet taken is a chocolate, given that the second sweet taken is a toffee.\\
\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE S1 2019 Q5 [11]}}