CAIE S1 2019 June — Question 5 11 marks

Exam BoardCAIE
ModuleS1 (Statistics 1)
Year2019
SessionJune
Marks11
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicTree Diagrams
TypeProbability distribution from tree
DifficultyModerate -0.8 This is a straightforward two-stage probability problem with clear structure. Parts (i)-(iii) involve routine tree diagram construction and basic probability distribution calculations. Part (iv) requires conditional probability (Bayes' theorem), which is standard S1 content but elevates it slightly above pure recall. Overall, this is easier than average due to small numbers, clear setup, and standard techniques.
Spec2.03b Probability diagrams: tree, Venn, sample space2.04a Discrete probability distributions

5 Maryam has 7 sweets in a tin; 6 are toffees and 1 is a chocolate. She chooses one sweet at random and takes it out. Her friend adds 3 chocolates to the tin. Then Maryam takes another sweet at random out of the tin.
  1. Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation.
  2. Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken.
  3. Find the mean number of toffees taken.
  4. Find the probability that the first sweet taken is a chocolate, given that the second sweet taken is a toffee.

Question 5(i):
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMarks Guidance
Tree diagram: first branches \(\frac{6}{7}\) (T) and \(\frac{1}{7}\) (C), second branches from T: \(\frac{5}{9}\) (T), \(\frac{4}{9}\) (C); from C: \(\frac{6}{9}\) (T), \(\frac{3}{9}\) (C)B1 First pair of branches labels and probs correct (\(\frac{6}{7}\) and \(\frac{1}{7}\) or rounding to 0.857 and 0.143). Labelling must be logically e.g. (T and T) or (T and Not T) acceptable
B1Either of second top pair or bottom pair of branches labels and probs correct
B1Both second pairs of branches labels and probs correct. No additional/further branches
Question 5(ii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(T=0\): \(\frac{3}{63}\) (0.0476(2)), \(T=1\): \(\frac{30}{63}\) (0.476(2)), \(T=2\): \(\frac{30}{63}\) (0.476(2))B1 \(P(1)\) correct
B1\(P(0)\) or \(P(2)\) correct
B1FT Correct values in table; any additional values of \(T\) have stated probability of zero. For FT \(\Sigma p = 1\)
Question 5(iii):
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(E(X) = \frac{90}{63}\ \left(\frac{10}{7}\right)\ (1.43)\)B1 Not FT
Question 5(iv):
AnswerMarks Guidance
AnswerMarks Guidance
\(P(1^\text{st}\ C \mid 2^\text{nd}\ T) = \frac{P(C\cap T)}{P(T)} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}}{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}+\frac{6}{7}\times\frac{5}{9}} = \frac{\frac{6}{63}}{\frac{36}{63}}\)B1 \(P(C\cap T)\) attempt seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with \(their\) tree diagram or correct
M1Summing 2 appropriate two-factor probabilities, consistent with \(their\) tree diagram or correct seen anywhere
A1\(\frac{36}{63}\) oe or correct unsimplified expression seen as numerator or denominator of a fraction
\(\frac{1}{6}\) oeA1 Final answer
## Question 5(i):

| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| Tree diagram: first branches $\frac{6}{7}$ (T) and $\frac{1}{7}$ (C), second branches from T: $\frac{5}{9}$ (T), $\frac{4}{9}$ (C); from C: $\frac{6}{9}$ (T), $\frac{3}{9}$ (C) | B1 | First pair of branches labels and probs correct ($\frac{6}{7}$ and $\frac{1}{7}$ or rounding to 0.857 and 0.143). Labelling must be logically e.g. (T and T) or (T and Not T) acceptable |
| | B1 | Either of second top pair or bottom pair of branches labels and probs correct |
| | B1 | Both second pairs of branches labels and probs correct. No additional/further branches |

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## Question 5(ii):

| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $T=0$: $\frac{3}{63}$ (0.0476(2)), $T=1$: $\frac{30}{63}$ (0.476(2)), $T=2$: $\frac{30}{63}$ (0.476(2)) | B1 | $P(1)$ correct |
| | B1 | $P(0)$ or $P(2)$ correct |
| | B1 | FT Correct values in table; any additional values of $T$ have stated probability of zero. For FT $\Sigma p = 1$ |

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## Question 5(iii):

| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $E(X) = \frac{90}{63}\ \left(\frac{10}{7}\right)\ (1.43)$ | B1 | Not FT |

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## Question 5(iv):

| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|--------|-------|----------|
| $P(1^\text{st}\ C \mid 2^\text{nd}\ T) = \frac{P(C\cap T)}{P(T)} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}}{\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{6}{9}+\frac{6}{7}\times\frac{5}{9}} = \frac{\frac{6}{63}}{\frac{36}{63}}$ | B1 | $P(C\cap T)$ attempt seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with $their$ tree diagram or correct |
| | M1 | Summing 2 appropriate two-factor probabilities, consistent with $their$ tree diagram or correct seen anywhere |
| | A1 | $\frac{36}{63}$ oe or correct unsimplified expression seen as numerator or denominator of a fraction |
| $\frac{1}{6}$ oe | A1 | Final answer |
5 Maryam has 7 sweets in a tin; 6 are toffees and 1 is a chocolate. She chooses one sweet at random and takes it out. Her friend adds 3 chocolates to the tin. Then Maryam takes another sweet at random out of the tin.\\
(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation.\\
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken.\\

(iii) Find the mean number of toffees taken.\\

(iv) Find the probability that the first sweet taken is a chocolate, given that the second sweet taken is a toffee.\\

\hfill \mbox{\textit{CAIE S1 2019 Q5 [11]}}