Edexcel PURE 2024 October — Question 10

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModulePURE
Year2024
SessionOctober
PaperDownload PDF ↗
TopicParametric integration
TypeShow integral then evaluate area
DifficultyStandard +0.8 This parametric integration question requires converting to parameter form (standard technique), then applying a trigonometric identity to simplify sin t sin 2t, followed by integration by parts twice. The algebraic manipulation and multi-step integration process elevates this above routine parametric questions, though the techniques themselves are all A-level standard.
Spec1.03g Parametric equations: of curves and conversion to cartesian1.08c Integrate e^(kx), 1/x, sin(kx), cos(kx)1.08h Integration by substitution

10. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{fa121449-492f-4737-a9eb-a14a62ced47b-30_563_602_255_735} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 5}
\end{figure} Figure 5 shows a sketch of the curve with parametric equations $$x = 3 t ^ { 2 } \quad y = \sin t \sin 2 t \quad 0 \leqslant t \leqslant \frac { \pi } { 2 }$$ The region \(R\), shown shaded in Figure 5, is bounded by the curve and the \(x\)-axis.
  1. Show that the area of \(R\) is $$k \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { \pi } { 2 } } t \sin ^ { 2 } t \cos t \mathrm {~d} t$$ where \(k\) is a constant to be found.
  2. Hence, using algebraic integration, find the exact area of \(R\), giving your answer in the form $$p \pi + q$$ where \(p\) and \(q\) are constants.

Question 10:

AnswerMarks
10(a)d x
= 6 t o.e.
AnswerMarks
d tB1
 
 
AnswerMarks
A r e a = s i n t s i n 2 t  6 t d t = s i n t  2 s i n t c o s t  6 t d tM1
2 
1 2 t s i n 2 t c o s t d t =
AnswerMarks
0A1
(3)
AnswerMarks
(b) 
t 2  2 1
=(12) sin3t −(12) sin3tdt
 
3  3
AnswerMarks
0 0M1
 
t 2 1 2 2 ( )     
( 1 2 ) s i n 3 t s i n t 1 c o s 2 t d t = − −
3 3
AnswerMarks
0 0M1
4 2  
4 t s i n 3 t 4 c o s t c o s 3 t = + −
3
AnswerMarks
0A1
 4
= 2− 4−
AnswerMarks
 3M1
8
2  = −
AnswerMarks
3A1
(5)

Total 8

(b) Condone working in mixed variables provided the intention is clear or they recover in further
work. Condone the absence of variables in trigonometric functions e.g. sin for sint or cos for
c o s t
M1: Attempts integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
...t s i n 3 t   ... s i n 3 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Uses sin3t =sint ( 1−cos2t ) to reach the integrable form ...tsin3t...sint(1−cos2t) dt o.e.
May be seen as ...tsin3t...sint−sintcos2t dt .
Alternatively uses compound angle formule to substitute s i n 3 t = ... s i n t  ... s i n 3 t to reach an
integrable form. . ..t s i n 3 t  .  .. ( . .. s i n t  . .. s i n 3 t ) d t ( 4 t s i n 3 t −  ( 3 s i n t − s i n 3 t ) d t )
In either approach it may be implied by their integrated expression. Condone the omission of
their 12
A1: Fully correct integration of  t s i n 2 t c o s t d t
or alternatively 4 t s i n 3 t −  ( 3 s i n t − s i n 3 t ) d t = 4 t s i n 3 t + 3 c o s t −
1
3
c o s 3 t .
4
Condone any multiple and condone missing variables e.g. 4tsin3+4cos− cos3
3
M1: Applies the limits 0 and
2
to an expression of the form A t s i n 3 t + B c o s t + C c o s 3 t where
A , B , C  0 or in the alternative cost+cos3t where , 0  
A1: Correct answer in the required form.
8
3
does not need to be in simplest form. isw once a
correct answer is seen.
Alternative substitution method using u = s i n t
M1: Attempts to use the substitution u=sint to proceed to ( 1 2 )  u 2 s i n − 1 u d u and attempts
integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
( 1 2 )
 u
3
3
s i n − 1 u −
1
3

1
u
3
u 2
d u

but condone coefficient slips.
Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Proceeds to an integrable form by using the substitution v = 1 − u 2
e.g. ( 1 2 )  1
3
u 3 s i n − 1 u + 1
3
 ( 1 − v 2 ) d v  Condone the omission of their 12
A1: Fully correct integration
1
3
u 3 s i n − 1 u +
1
3
1 − u 2 −
1
9
(
1 − u 2
) 3
PMT
(may not have reverted back to
being in terms of u). Condone any multiple and condone missing variables
( )3
M1: Applies the limits 0 and 1 to an expression of the form Du3sin−1u+E 1−u2 +F 1−u2
where D, E and F 0
8
A1: Correct answer in the required form. does not need to be in simplest form. isw once a
3
correct answer is seen.
Alt (b) – Integration by parts twice
M1: Attempts integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
...t s i n 3 t   ... s i n 3 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Proceeds to an integrable form by attempting integration by parts again achieving the form
. ..t s i n 3 t  . .. c o s t s i n 2 t  .  .. s i n t c o s 2 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
A1: (1 2 )
 t
3
s i n 3 t +
1
3
c o s t s i n 2 t +
2
9
c o s 3 t

o.e. Condone any multiple and condone missing
variables
M1: Applies the limits 0 and
2
to an expression of the form p t s i n 3 t + q s i n 2 t c o s t + r c o s 3 t
where p, q and r  0
PMT
A1: As above in main scheme notes
PMT
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
Question 10:
--- 10(a) ---
10(a) | d x
= 6 t o.e.
d t | B1
 
 
A r e a = s i n t s i n 2 t  6 t d t = s i n t  2 s i n t c o s t  6 t d t | M1

2 
1 2 t s i n 2 t c o s t d t =
0 | A1
(3)
(b) |  
t 2  2 1
=(12) sin3t −(12) sin3tdt
 
3  3
0 0 | M1
 
t 2 1 2 2 ( )     
( 1 2 ) s i n 3 t s i n t 1 c o s 2 t d t = − −
3 3
0 0 | M1

4 2  
4 t s i n 3 t 4 c o s t c o s 3 t = + −
3
0 | A1
 4
= 2− 4−

 3 | M1
8
2  = −
3 | A1
(5)
Total 8
(b) Condone working in mixed variables provided the intention is clear or they recover in further
work. Condone the absence of variables in trigonometric functions e.g. sin for sint or cos for
c o s t
M1: Attempts integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
...t s i n 3 t   ... s i n 3 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Uses sin3t =sint ( 1−cos2t ) to reach the integrable form ...tsin3t...sint(1−cos2t) dt o.e.
May be seen as ...tsin3t...sint−sintcos2t dt .
Alternatively uses compound angle formule to substitute s i n 3 t = ... s i n t  ... s i n 3 t to reach an
integrable form. . ..t s i n 3 t  .  .. ( . .. s i n t  . .. s i n 3 t ) d t ( 4 t s i n 3 t −  ( 3 s i n t − s i n 3 t ) d t )
In either approach it may be implied by their integrated expression. Condone the omission of
their 12
A1: Fully correct integration of  t s i n 2 t c o s t d t
or alternatively 4 t s i n 3 t −  ( 3 s i n t − s i n 3 t ) d t = 4 t s i n 3 t + 3 c o s t −
1
3
c o s 3 t .
4
Condone any multiple and condone missing variables e.g. 4tsin3+4cos− cos3
3
M1: Applies the limits 0 and
2

to an expression of the form A t s i n 3 t + B c o s t + C c o s 3 t where
A , B , C  0 or in the alternative cost+cos3t where , 0  
A1: Correct answer in the required form.
8
3
does not need to be in simplest form. isw once a
correct answer is seen.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternative substitution method using u = s i n t
M1: Attempts to use the substitution u=sint to proceed to ( 1 2 )  u 2 s i n − 1 u d u and attempts
integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
( 1 2 )
 u
3
3
s i n − 1 u −
1
3

1
u
−
3
u 2
d u

but condone coefficient slips.
Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Proceeds to an integrable form by using the substitution v = 1 − u 2
e.g. ( 1 2 )  1
3
u 3 s i n − 1 u + 1
3
 ( 1 − v 2 ) d v  Condone the omission of their 12
A1: Fully correct integration
1
3
u 3 s i n − 1 u +
1
3
1 − u 2 −
1
9
(
1 − u 2
) 3
PMT
(may not have reverted back to
being in terms of u). Condone any multiple and condone missing variables
( )3
M1: Applies the limits 0 and 1 to an expression of the form Du3sin−1u+E 1−u2 +F 1−u2
where D, E and F 0
8
A1: Correct answer in the required form. does not need to be in simplest form. isw once a
3
correct answer is seen.
Alt (b) – Integration by parts twice
M1: Attempts integration by parts in the correct direction to achieve an expression of the form
...t s i n 3 t   ... s i n 3 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
M1: Proceeds to an integrable form by attempting integration by parts again achieving the form
. ..t s i n 3 t  . .. c o s t s i n 2 t  .  .. s i n t c o s 2 t d t Condone the omission of their 12
A1: (1 2 )
 t
3
s i n 3 t +
1
3
c o s t s i n 2 t +
2
9
c o s 3 t

o.e. Condone any multiple and condone missing
variables
M1: Applies the limits 0 and
2

to an expression of the form p t s i n 3 t + q s i n 2 t c o s t + r c o s 3 t
where p, q and r  0
PMT
A1: As above in main scheme notes
PMT
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
10.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{fa121449-492f-4737-a9eb-a14a62ced47b-30_563_602_255_735}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure 5 shows a sketch of the curve with parametric equations

$$x = 3 t ^ { 2 } \quad y = \sin t \sin 2 t \quad 0 \leqslant t \leqslant \frac { \pi } { 2 }$$

The region $R$, shown shaded in Figure 5, is bounded by the curve and the $x$-axis.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that the area of $R$ is

$$k \int _ { 0 } ^ { \frac { \pi } { 2 } } t \sin ^ { 2 } t \cos t \mathrm {~d} t$$

where $k$ is a constant to be found.
\item Hence, using algebraic integration, find the exact area of $R$, giving your answer in the form

$$p \pi + q$$

where $p$ and $q$ are constants.
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel PURE 2024 Q10}}